Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors review 15 cases of acute oesophageal obstruction arising from food (meat) or mucilage (3 cases). Obstruction was usually observed in the lower third of the oesophagus whereas in cases with stenosis due to caustic agents (2 cases), or tuberculosis (1 case), the middle third was affected. The obstruction is mainly related to the presence of a dyskinesia with or without an associated hiatus hernia. A transient isolated spasm of the lower oesophageal sphincter was present in three cases (20%). Urgent radiological examinations are essential for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. An intravenous injection of glucagon must be given systematically and the patency of the oesophagus checked immediately afterwards. One patient was found to have two perforations of the oesophagus at different levels and these were thought to be due to different reasons. That in the cervical region was caused by a swallowed bone, the other was the probable consequence of the fibroscopic examination.
 ...
PMID:[Acute oesophageal obstruction from food or mucilage: a report on 15 cases (author's transl)]. 50 96

The possible effect of hiatal hernia, reflux esophagitis, and glucagon on the quality of the double-contrast esophagram was studied in 177 patients. Overall, the quality of the double-contrast esophageal views were judged poor in 46 (26%) patients and good in 131 (74%). No significant improvement in quality was evident in patients receiving glucagon, or in those with hiatal hernia or documented reflux esophagitis. Although the presence of gastroesophageal reflux or the lowering of esophageal sphincter pressure by glucagon would be expected to promote gaseous reflux from the stomach, no improvement in the quality of the double-contrast views of the esophagus was evident in our study.
 ...
PMID:Effects of hiatal hernia, reflux esophagitis, and glucagon on the quality of double-contrast esophagram. 270 46

The correlation between radiography, endoscopy, and histology in the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis, as well as the effect of glucagon on double contrast radiography was studied. The material consisted of 220 out-patients sent to the Oulu University Central Hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. 109 of these were shown to have reflux esophagitis at endoscopy, the other 111 formed a control group with normal esophageal mucosa. Radiologic examinations were performed after endoscopy on the same day by a radiologist, who knew neither the clinical history of the patients nor the findings at endoscopy. Using endoscopy as a reference, 56% (28/50) of the patients with grade E I reflux esophagitis (erythema, oedema) were diagnosed correctly by double contrast radiography. The corresponding figures concerning grade E II (erosions), grade E III (localized deformity, ulcer), and grade E IV (stricture) reflux esophagitis were 84% (41/49), 100% (4/4), and 100% (6/6). False positive findings were found in 4.5% (5/111). The sensitivity of double contrast radiography as compared to endoscopy in all grades was 73%, its specificity was 96%, and accuracy 84%. The corresponding figures, when only grades E II, E III, and E IV are considered, were 86%, 96%, and 92%. In double contrast radiography, signs sometimes visible in grade E I reflux esophagitis were thick mucosal folds and mucosal granularity. Reliable signs of grade E II reflux esophagitis were streaks and dots of barium against the mucosa either alone or together with thick mucosal folds and mucosal granularity. Specific signs of grade E III and E IV reflux esophagitis were--along with the above--localized deformities, ulcers, and strictures. A hiatus hernia or wide hiatus was detected radiologically in 2/3 of the reflux esophagitis patients, and in 1/3 of the controls. Histologic findings correlated poorly with both endoscopic and radiologic findings. Single contrast radiography was less sensitive than double contrast radiography in detection of superficial mucosal lesions. Glucagon had no advantagous effect on esophageal double contrast radiography. Its use, however, in connection with double contrast radiography of the stomach is unlikely to have any disadvantagous effect on the evaluation of the hiatus and gastroesophageal reflux.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. With special reference to double contrast radiography. 403 76