Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Molecular forms of the glucagon-like peptides (GLP) encoded by the human preproglucagon gene were analysed by chromatography combined with specific radioimmunoassays to the synthetic peptides. Whereas extracts of human pancreas and a glucagonoma contained a large proglucagon cleavage product possessing both GLP-1 and GLP-2 immunoreactivities, extracts of human intestine contained products corresponding to free GLP-1 and a small amount of chromatographically distinct GLP-2 immunoreactivity. It is concluded that post-translational processing of proglucagon differs in pancreas and intestine, so that the C-terminal portion of the molecule is cleaved to liberate free GLP-1 in the intestine. Further processing or degradation results in loss especially of GLP-2 immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Molecular forms of glucagon-like peptides in man. 384 Jul 48

An autopsy confirmed, primary malignant APUDoma of the liver is described. Immunohistochemical methods demonstrated the presence of glucagon in some 20% of tumor cells. Clinically the 66 year old patient had presented with an abortive form of the glucagonoma syndrome with diabetes mellitus, anemia and profound weight loss.
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PMID:[Unusual abdominal apudomas. II. Immunohistochemical detection of glucagon in a primary apudoma of the liver]. 391 90

The association between treatment with danazol and hyperglucagonaemia was studied. Plasma glucagon concentrations were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test in seven women taking danazol and six healthy controls not taking danazol. Results showed that treatment with danazol is associated with severe hyperglucagonaemia, and in three patients glucagon concentrations reached the range suggestive of glucagonoma. It is important to recognise that this increasingly used drug may cause severe hyperglucagonaemia to prevent patients treated with danazol undergoing unnecessary investigations to localise glucagonoma.
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PMID:Treatment with danazol and plasma glucagon concentration. 393 33

A primary ovarian carcinoid composed of both trabecular and strumal types was studied by histochemical, immunocytochemical, and biochemical techniques. High contents of glucagon, secretin, and calcitonin were demonstrated in the tumor homogenate. All of the tumor cells, irrespective of histologic type, showed properties of argyrophilia and neurosecretory granules on electron microscopy. Glucagon-producing cells were positive in trabecular carcinoid by immunoperoxidase techniques. Bio-Gel P10 gel filtration showed that the molecular weight of major immunoreactive glucagon in tumor was 20,000. It migrated faster than true glucagon after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No clinical symptoms of glucagonoma developed.
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PMID:Large glucagon-like immunoreactivity in a primary ovarian carcinoid. 396 86

Plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) components were analyzed by gel filtration on either a Bio-Gel P-30 or a Sephadex G-150 column (1.0 X 68 cm) in a 47-year-old male with biopsy-proven malignant glucagonoma. Plasma samples were obtained before and after 20 courses of streptozotocin treatment as well as after administration of a somatostatin-derivative (SRIF-D, 0.38 mg, subcutaneous), regular insulin (0.2 U/kg, intravenous), and secretin (2 U/kg, intravenous). The fractions from the columns were assayed for IRG by simultaneous radioimmunoassay with C-terminal (Unger 30 K) and N-terminal (OAL 196) antibodies to glucagon. Four IRG components were observed. The largest had a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 daltons and cross-reacted much more strongly with the N-terminal antibody than with the C-terminal. The second IRG component appeared to be about 9000 daltons and cross-reacted more strongly with the N-terminal antibody. The third and major IRG component comprised 51.8% to 88.1% of the total IRG as measured with C-terminal antibody, corresponded in molecular weight to synthetic 3500 dalton glucagon, and reacted roughly equally with each of the two antibodies. The fourth IRG component cross-reacted only with N-terminal antibody and appeared to be smaller than 3500 daltons. The plasma IRG level decreased from 8829 pg/mL to 1421 pg/mL (averages of five consecutive determinations) after 20 courses of treatment with streptozotocin with significant clinical improvement. A marked (74%) but transient decrease in plasma IRG was observed after the SRIF-D injection, whereas secretion and insulin caused increases in plasma IRG level of 53% and 22%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunologic characterization of plasma glucagon components in a patient with malignant glucagonoma. 608 85

A 63-year-old white woman with perioral dermatitis, a sore tongue, and an erythematous dermatosis in the inframammary and perineal regions underwent surgical removal of a pancreatic glucagonoma. The patient's plasma and pooled normal human plasma containing Sigma glucagon were fed to human keratinocyte cultures and increased arachidonic acid levels by 300% and 200%, respectively, when compared to pooled normal human plasma with no added commercial glucagon. These experiments suggest that glucagon may increase inflammatory mediators such as arachidonic acid and its metabolites in the epidermis, causing the skin lesions seen in the glucagonoma syndrome.
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PMID:Glucagonoma syndrome: in vitro evidence that glucagon increases epidermal arachidonic acid. 609 May 15

A 36 year old woman was admitted because of upper abdominal pain, fullness and weight loss. Pancreatic scintigram revealed abnormal accumulation of the radioisotope in the pancreatic head, and hepatic scintigram showed multiple filling defect in the bilateral lobe. Celiac angiogram demonstrated a tumor stain at the pancreatic head, encasement of the splenic artery and metastasis to the liver. The diagnosis of malignant glucagonoma was substantiated by high serum glucagon level of 1,100 pg/ml. Streptozotocin of 1.5g was administered intravenously once a week, totalling 9g. Thereafter, blood level of glucagon declined to the normal range, accompanied by improvement of diabetes mellitus and weight gain. At laparotomy, there was an over fist-sized mass at the body and tail of the pancreas, infiltrating the pancreatic head and periaortic region, and was found unresectable. On light microscopy, biopsied specimen was seen to be a tumor that contained glucagon. Secretary granules resembling A cell granules were observed by electron microscopy. She died of emaciation 6 years after the onset of the disease. Eighteen cases of glucagonoma reported in Japan, and 64 cases in Europe and the United States were reviewed in terms of the diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[Glucagonoma]. 609 16

A 66 year old patient with diabetes had a necrolytic migratory erythema, weight loss and anaemia. Plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) of 2465 pmoles/l (normal 35 +/- 5 SEM pmoles/l) suggested the existence of a glucagonoma which was confirmed by arteriography and subsequently removed by surgery. Although plasma IRG returned to normal, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion remained pathological. Plasma amino acid levels had been reduced but were corrected by surgery. Pancreatic polypeptide, however, 298 pmoles/l before was still 206 pmoles/l after the operation (normal 12-48 pmoles per litre). Column chromatography of plasma and tumor extracts showed quantitatively important IRG fractions with molecular weights above 9000 daltons, possibly precursors of glucagon. Beside a 50-fold IRG excess, the tumour concentrations of insulin and somatostatin were 4 to 150 times increased. By contrast, pancreatic polypeptide was present in normal amounts. Electron microscopic examination showed atypical A-cell granula and unusual abundance of mitochondria.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo studies on glucagonoma tissue. 610 27

A family with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I) is described in which three members had A-cell pancreatic tumors. Two of these members had classic glucagonoma syndromes. The proband, a 62 year old woman, had a high (less than or equal to 9.2 ng/ml) basal plasma glucagon level, most of which eluted in the 3,500 dalton fraction. Plasma glucagon increased following the ingestion of mixed meals and arginine. Secretin, which, in the dog, has been reported to inhibit normal glucagon secretion, provoked a twofold increase in 3,500 dalton plasma glucagon concentration. Increased plasma glucagon in the proband was associated with mild hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Somatostatin infusion suppressed peripheral glucagon and insulin levels, and increased blood glucose levels. The unique responses to secretin and somatostatin observed in this patient may be diagnostically important in syndromes of inappropriate or autonomous glucagon secretion.
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PMID:A familial glucagonoma syndrome: genetic, clinical and biochemical features. 611 77

A patient with glucagonoma syndrome and hypoglycemic attack is presented. Total pancreatectomy was performed with splenectomy and excision of the metastatic nodule in the liver. Diagnosis of glucagon-secreting A cell carcinoma of the pancreas was confirmed by hormone assays and morphological studies with light and electron microscopy. Glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin were demonstrated immunohistochemically in the tumor tissue. Multihormonal features of the endocrine pancreatic tumors are discussed.
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PMID:Glucagon-secreting pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, containing insulin and somatostatin, with hypoglycemic attack. 612 21


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