Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of these studies was to determine whether prior exercise enhances net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) during a glucose load. Sampling catheters (carotid artery, portal, hepatic, and iliac veins), infusion catheters (portal vein and vena cava), and Doppler flow probes (portal vein, hepatic and iliac arteries) were implanted. Exercise (150 min; n = 6) or rest (n = 6) was followed by a 30-min control period and a 100-min experimental period (3.5 mg. kg-1. min-1 of glucose in portal vein and as needed in vena cava to clamp arterial blood glucose at approximately 130 mg/dl). Somatostatin was infused, and insulin and glucagon were replaced intraportally at fourfold basal and basal rates, respectively. During experimental period the arterial-portal venous (a-pv) glucose gradient (mg/dl) was -18 +/- 1 in sedentary and -19 +/- 1 in exercised dogs. Arterial insulin and glucagon were similar in the two groups. Net hepatic glucose balance (mg. kg-1. min-1) shifted from 1.9 +/- 0.2 in control period to -1.8 +/- 0.2 (negative rates represent net uptake) during experimental period in sedentary dogs (Delta3.7 +/- 0.5); with prior exercise it shifted from 4.1 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.01 vs. sedentary) in control period to -3.2 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.05 vs. sedentary) during experimental period (Delta7.3 +/- 0.7, P < 0.01 vs. sedentary). Net hindlimb glucose uptake (mg/min) was 4 +/- 1 in sedentary animals in control period and 13 +/- 2 during experimental period; in exercised animals it was 7 +/- 1 in control period (P < 0. 01 vs. sedentary) and 32 +/- 4 (P < 0.01 vs. sedentary) during experimental period. As the total glucose infusion rate (mg. kg-1. min-1) was 7 +/- 1 in sedentary and 11 +/- 1 in exercised dogs, approximately 30% of the added glucose infusion due to prior exercise could be accounted for by the greater NHGU. In conclusion, when determinants of hepatic glucose uptake (insulin, glucagon, a-pv glucose gradient, glycemia) are controlled, prior exercise increases NHGU during a glucose load due to an effect that is intrinsic to the liver. Increased glucose disposal in the postexercise state is therefore due to an improved ability of both liver and muscle to take up glucose.
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PMID:Prior exercise increases net hepatic glucose uptake during a glucose load. 1036 14

The impact of pregnancy on the counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was examined in six nonpregnant (NP) and six pregnant (P; 3rd trimester) conscious dogs by tracer and arteriovenous difference techniques. After basal sampling, insulin was infused intraportally at 30 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1) for 180 min. Insulin rose from 70 +/- 15 to 1,586 +/- 221 pmol/l and 27 +/- 4 to 1,247 +/- 61 pmol/l in the 3rd h in NP and P, respectively. Arterial glucose fell from 5.9 +/- 0.2 to 2.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/l in P. Glucose was infused in NP to equate the rate of fall of glucose and the steady-state concentrations in the groups (5.9 +/- 0.2 to 2.3 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in NP). Glucagon was 32 +/- 6, 69 +/- 11, and 48 +/- 10 ng/l (basal and 1st and 3rd h) in NP, but the response was attenuated in P (34 +/- 5, 46 +/- 6, 41 +/- 9 ng/l). Cortisol and epinephrine rose similarly in both groups, but norepinephrine rose more in NP (Delta3.01 +/- 0.46 and Delta1.31 +/- 0.13 nmol/l, P < 0.05). Net hepatic glucose output (NHGO; micromol.kg(-1).min(-1)) increased from 10.6 +/- 1.8 to 21.2 +/- 3.3 in NP (3rd h) but did not increase in P (15.1 +/- 1.5 to 15.3 +/- 2.8 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), P < 0.05 between groups). The glycogenolytic contribution to NHGO in NP increased from 5.8 +/- 0.7 to 10.4 +/- 2.5 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1) by 90 min but steadily declined in P. The increase in glycerol levels and the gluconeogenic contribution to NHGO were 50% less in P than in NP, but ketogenesis did not differ. The glucagon and norepinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia are blunted in late pregnancy in the dog, impacting on the magnitude of the metabolic responses to the fall in glucose.
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PMID:Pregnancy impairs the counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the dog. 1512 42