Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The brain acetone powders of the sea snakes Hydrophis cyanocinctus and Lapemis hardwickii were extracted with a mixture of acetone:water:hydrochloric acid (40:21:1 by volume) and the extracts were then added to a copious volume of acetone, in accordance with the method of C. H. Li (1952, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 74, 2134) for preparing adrenocorticotropin and beta-endorphin from mammalian pituitaries. The resultant precipitate, designated acid acetone powder, possessed adrenocorticotropic activity as evidenced in its ability to stimulate corticosterone production in isolated rat adrenal decapsular cells and lipolysis in isolated hamster adipocytes, and in its cross-reactivity in an ACTH radioimmunoassay. The presence of opioid molecules was indicated by activity in opiate radioreceptor assay using either 3H-D-Ala2-D-Leu5 enkephalin or [3H]naloxone as ligand and rat brain membranes. The brain acetone powders possessed neither "lactogenic" nor "somatogenic" activity as evidenced by their inability to displace the primary ligand in the rat hepatic prolactin receptor- and growth hormone receptor-binding assays, respectively.
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PMID:Evidence for the presence of adrenocorticotropic and opiate-like hormones in the brains of two sea snakes, Hydrophis cyanocinctus and Lapemis hardwickii. 287 27

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 10 candidate genes and carcass weight and conformation, carcass daily gain, and meat quality (pH, color, cooking loss, drip loss and shear force) in 990 double-muscled Piemontese young bulls. Animals were genotyped at each of the following genes: growth hormone, growth hormone receptor, pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-opiomelanocortin class 1 homeobox 1, melanocortin-4 receptor, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-1, thyroglobulin, carboxypeptidase E and gamma-3 regulatory subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase. All the investigated SNPs had additive effects which were relevant for at least one of the traits. Relevant associations between the investigated SNPs and carcass weight, carcass daily gain and carcass conformation were detected, whereas associations of SNPs with meat quality were moderate. Results confirmed some of previously reported associations, but diverged for others. Validation in other cattle breeds is required to use these SNPs in gene-assisted selection programs for enhancement of carcass traits and meat quality.
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PMID:Effect of polymorphisms in candidate genes on carcass and meat quality traits in double muscled Piemontese cattle. 2436 57

Cortisol is essential to milk synthesis; however, different acute stressors and the exogenous administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decrease milk yield. Therefore, the effect of cortisol on milk yield and its influence on the survival of mammary epithelial cells have not been fully elucidated. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cortisol on the expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 and 5 (IGFBP3 and IGFBP5), BAX, and BCL2 genes on the proliferation and apoptotic rates of mammary epithelial cells, and on milk yield in Saanen goats. In the present study, 3 experiments were conducted: (1) comparing the in vivo effects of first milking, vaccination, vermifugation, preventive hoof trimming, and the administration of ACTH or a placebo on cortisol release in dairy goats; (2) studying the in vivo effects of immediate increases in cortisol on the mammary gland of lactating goats; and (3) studying the in vitro effects of a prolonged increase in cortisol on mammary epithelial cells obtained from lactating goats. Cortisol release by goats increased significantly after ACTH administration compared with that observed after a placebo, and the cortisol profiles after first milking, vaccination, vermifugation, hoof trimming, and ACTH administration were similar. However, there was no effect of the immediate increase in cortisol in vivo on IGF-1 release, milk yield, milk quality, or the apoptosis and proliferation rates, nor was there any effect on the expression of the target genes. Furthermore, no interaction was observed between IGF-1 and cortisol in either the in vivo or in vitro experiments. However, the addition of cortisol in vitro significantly increased the expression of the GHR and IGF1R genes, which stimulate cell proliferation, and the BAX gene, which causes apoptosis. These contrasting results can explain why cortisol did not change the rates of proliferation or apoptosis in epithelial cells. Indeed, cortisol supplementation in vitro did not change the number or apoptotic rate of epithelial cells over the course of 5 d. Finally, further studies must be performed to understand the effect of cortisol on the expression of the GHR, IGF1R, and BAX genes by epithelial cells and the roles of these genes in milk synthesis during early lactation.
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PMID:Effect of acute stressors, adrenocorticotropic hormone administration, and cortisol release on milk yield, the expression of key genes, proliferation, and apoptosis in goat mammary epithelial cells. 2970 27