Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor responsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder, we examined hypothermic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor ligand ipsapirone in patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy controls. Twelve patients and 22 controls received a single dose of ipsapirone, 0.3 mg/kg, or placebo under double-blind, random assignment conditions. Ipsapirone induced hypothermia and release of corticotropin and cortisol but had no effect on behavior, including obsessive or compulsive symptoms. Thermoregulatory and neuroendocrine responses to ipsapirone were not consistently different between healthy controls and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. These results provide no direct support for the hypothesis that a serotonergic dysfunction related to 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors may be linked to the pathophysiologic characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder and point to the need for the evaluation of other 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes. Future studies of the responsivity of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors to direct-acting ligands, such as ipsapirone, should facilitate assessment of the integrity of the 5-hydroxytryptamine system and its involvement in antiobsessional drug effects.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991 Jun
PMID:5-Hydroxytryptamine1A receptor responsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comparison of patients and controls. 167 53

We have investigated neurotransmitter-related markers of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a carefully screened series of normally aging subjects in standardized conditions in order to find out the influence of age and other confounding factors on CSF measures. The levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyglycol (MHPG) and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) also increased with age, while homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) and immunoreactivities of somatostatin (SLI), beta-endorphin (BLI) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were unrelated to age. The gender of subjects had no significant effect on the levels of neurotransmitter markers, while seasonal changes, as well as height and weight of the subjects seemed to cause some variations in the levels of HVA, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and ACTH. The study underscores the importance of standardized conditions and matched patient groups in the CSF studies.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1991
PMID:Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects. Effects of aging and other confounding factors. 167 57

The effect of oxaprotiline (OXA) enantiomers--of which (+)-OXA inhibits noradrenaline (NA) uptake, whereas (-)-OXA does not--on the secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone was studied in rats. Both enantiomers dose-dependently and with a similar potency increased the plasma level of ACTH and corticosterone, the effect of (-)-OXA on corticosterone being of a longer duration. The stimulation of ACTH secretion and the inability of (+)- and (-)-OXA to increase the plasma corticosterone concentration in animals pretreated with dexamethasone indicate that secretion of the latter hormone results from the action of the enantiomers at a level superior to the adrenal cortex, i.e. the hypothalamus/pituitary. The corticosterone response to (+)- or (-)-OXA was not modified in rats with a selective lesion of NA nerve endings induced by the neurotoxin DSP-4, nor was it affected by the selective alpha 1-antagonist prazosin, the selective alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine, the mixed alpha 1/alpha 2-antagonist phentolamine, the selective dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist sulpiride and the non-selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonist metergoline. These results indicate that neither the NA system nor D2 and 5-HT receptors are involved in the hormonal response to the OXA enantiomers. Although the (+)- and (-)-OXA-induced stimulation of corticosterone secretion was not antagonized by diazepam, ipsapirone, naloxone, or propranolol, it cannot be excluded that both these enantiomers act as non-specific stressors.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1991
PMID:Oxaprotiline enantiomers stimulate ACTH and corticosterone secretion in the rat. 168 23

Depolarizing stimuli increase the release of neurotransmitter met-enkephalin from rat striatal slices. Bay K8644, a calcium agonist, significantly enhances the submaximal release of this peptide. Several organic calcium antagonists, including nimodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine, gallopamil and flunarizine, are able to inhibit the potassium-evoked met-enkephalin release both in vitro and ex vivo. The data suggest that the release of this neuropeptide is modulated by calcium antagonist-sensitive calcium channels.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1990
PMID:Calcium antagonists inhibit met-enkephalin immunoreactive material release: in vitro and ex vivo experiments. 168 85

The cell types in the adenohypophysis of Neoceratodus resemble closely those already described for Lepidosiren and Protopterus. Four of these were immunocytochemically identified as prolactin cells, gonadotropes, corticotropes, and melanotropes. Antiserum to bullfrog growth hormone could not distinguish between prolactin cells and somatotropes. Anti-bullfrog prolactin, however, did selectively stain the prolactin cells, which allowed the identification of the somatotropes. The presumptive thyrotropes, as the only remaining cell type in the pars distalis, can then be tentatively identified by default. Likewise a PAS-positive cell type in the pars intermedia had no immunoreactivity to any of the antisera used. The functional significance of this cell remains to be demonstrated. One of the more unexpected findings was the presence of large numbers of cells immunoreactive to alpha-MSH in the proximal pars distalis. The implications of the presence of these cells in adult lungfish are discussed. The distribution of cell types within the pituitary of Neoceratodus showed more regionalization than is present in the other lungfish and corresponded more closely to that described for primitive actinopterygian fish. The general structure of the pituitary of Neoceratodus also resembled primitive actinopterygian fish more closely than it did amphibians, unlike the pituitaries of Lepidosiren and Protopterus. The evolutionary significance of this is also discussed.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1990 Nov
PMID:The adenohypophysis of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri--an immunocytological study. 170 9

1. The effect of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and morphine sulfate (MS), in presence and absence of naloxone (NX), on chicken chorioallantoic membrane was studied as a function of blood vessel proliferation. 2. A 50% reduction in blood vessel proliferation occurred by 10 micrograms of beta-EP or by 5 micrograms of MS per egg compared to controls. 3. An individual dose, i.e. 5 micrograms of beta-EP, did not significantly inhibit blood vessel counts after initial 24 hr period of the drug application when given alone compared to inhibition occurring with combined use of NX. 4. NX (1 microgram) did not significantly reverse the angiostatic effects of MS (10 micrograms) or of beta-EP (5 micrograms). 5. The observed modulation of angiogenesis by opioids suggests involvement of beta-EP and MS in the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. 6. This may be due to an effect of beta-EP and MS on cell-mediated immunity factors such as interferons, interleukins and prostaglandin E2.
Gen Pharmacol 1991
PMID:Angiogenesis: modulation with opioids. 172 73

1. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of compound 48/80 elicited the increases of water intake, plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity, hypothalamic 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate and Hct in the rats. 2. The s.c. pretreatment of naloxone reduced the compound 48/80-induced water intake but had no effects on other variables. 3. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of naloxone attenuated the compound 48/80- and i.c.v. injected angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced water intake. 4. The hypothalamic norepinephrine metabolism was increased by s.c. injection of compound 48/80 but not by i.c.v. ANG II. 5. The present data suggest the possible involvement of opioid peptide (beta-endorphin) on the compound 48/80- and ANG II-induced thirst. However, it is uncertain whether hypothalamic norepinephrine is involved in the hypovolemic thirst mediated via stimulation of renin-angiotensin system.
Gen Pharmacol 1991
PMID:Participation of opioid peptide (beta-endorphin) and norepinephrine in the control of compound 48/80-induced hypovolemic thirst in the rats. 176 Nov 87

Plasma levels of prolactin, growth hormone, corticotropin, and cortisol were measured at 15-minute intervals for 24 hours in nine unmedicated male schizophrenic patients and in nine age-matched normal male subjects. Each study was preceded by 3 days of habituation to the laboratory environment. Sleep was polygraphically recorded. The circadian and pulsatile variations present in each hormonal profile were quantitatively characterized with the use of computer algorithms specifically designed for analyses of hormonal fluctuations. The major abnormality of neuroendocrine release that was observed in the schizophrenic patients was an almost threefold enhancement of the sleep-related increase in the prolactin level, associated with an intensified frequency of nocturnal prolactin pulses. This increased stimulatory effect of sleep on prolactin secretion was evident immediately after sleep onset. The normal inhibition of cortisol secretion during early sleep was absent in schizophrenic patients. The major sleep abnormalities were a prolonged sleep latency and a reduction in total rapid eye movement stage sleep. During wakefulness, prolactin and cortisol levels were normal. The 24-hour profile of growth hormone was unaltered in schizophrenic patients, and a sleep-onset growth hormone pulse was observed in all patients. No abnormalities were noted in the levels or temporal organization of corticotropin secretion. Both the amplitude and the timing of the cortisol rhythm were normal. We conclude that, in schizophrenic men, pituitary-adrenal function and circadian time-keeping are normal but prolactin secretion is hyperresponsive to the physiologic stimulus of sleep onset. Schizophrenia thus appears to be characterized by a subset of neuroendocrine disturbances distinct from that observed in major endogenous depression.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991 Apr
PMID:Circadian and sleep-related endocrine rhythms in schizophrenia. 184 71

Neuropeptides that have relatively narrow actions on mammalian pituitary secretion may have divergent effects on pituitary hormone secretion in ectothermal vertebrates. In turtles, secretion of both thyrotropin (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) can be stimulated in vitro by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and by members of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) peptide families. To determine if these neuropeptides share common modes of action, and to study other potential regulators of the turtle pituitary, somatostatin-14 (SRIH) and monoamines were tested for direct effects on in vitro basal and neuropeptide-stimulated TSH and GH secretion. Pituitary glands from young turtles (Pseudemys scripta) were cultured in the presence of 25 nM TRH, ovine CRH, or rat GHRH with or without SRIH. Glands were incubated for several 2-hr periods in medium alone or in medium containing peptides. Preincubation for 4 hr with SRIH (6 or 60 nM) significantly reduced basal and TRH-stimulated TSH and GH output (SRIH present during entire incubation). In another experiment, basal hormone secretion was reduced when SRIH (60 nM) was present only during the 2-hr basal period; however, reduction of TSH and GH responses to TRH required the presence of SRIH (60 nM) during the basal period and the period of stimulation. TSH responses to 25 nM oCRH and rGHRH and GH responses to rGHRH were significantly reduced by preincubation with 60 nM SRIH. The biogenic amines, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT), and norepinephrine (NE) (50 or 500 nM) were tested for possible direct actions on basal and neuropeptide-stimulated pituitary TSH and GH secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1990 Jan
PMID:Modulation of neuropeptide-stimulated pituitary hormone secretion in hatchling turtles. 196 41

To evaluate the neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and behavioral effects of exogenous corticosteroids in humans, we administered prednisone (80 mg/d orally for 5 days) in a double-blind manner to 12 medically healthy volunteers. Behavioral measures were assessed before, during, and after prednisone administration in all 12 subjects, and cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry was assessed before and during prednisone administration in 9 of the subjects. Prednisone administration was associated with decreases in cerebrospinal fluid levels of corticotropin, norepinephrine, beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin, and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity. No significant changes were noted in cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, homovanillic acid, or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. No consistent or significant group mean changes were observed in structured behavioral ratings, although 9 (75%) of the volunteers studied reported mild behavioral changes while receiving prednisone. Correlations between the neurochemical and behavioral changes are discussed.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990 Oct
PMID:Prednisone effects on neurochemistry and behavior. Preliminary findings. 197 71


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