Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reduced brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of somatostatin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and corticotropin (ACTH) have been reported among neuropsychiatric patients with cognitive dysfunction. Alcoholism is a disorder in which associated neuropsychiatric disorders occur. Therefore, we compared CSF levels of somatostatin, CRH and ACTH in alcoholics (n = 100) and normal controls (n = 30). There were no significant differences between the groups in concentrations of the 3 peptides. Moreover, there were no significant correlations between concentrations of the peptides in CSF and computed tomographic measures of the size of brain ventricles. There were, however, significant correlations between CSF concentrations of CRH and ACTH and between CSF concentrations of CRH and somatostatin in both the alcoholic and control groups.
 ...
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid levels of somatostatin, corticotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin in alcoholism. 197 69

Studies were performed to determine whether the isolated ovine anterior and intermediate pituitary might rhythmically secrete three POMC peptides, ACTH, ir-beta-endorphin (ir-beta-EP), and ir-alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (ir-alpha-MSH) in vivo. When blood was taken at 10-min intervals from four ewes with hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnection (HPD), a distinct POMC-peptide and cortisol ultradian rhythm was noted. A comparison of the four HPD ewes with five nonstressed hypothalamopituitary-intact (HPI) ewes revealed that the mean plasma levels of the three POMC-peptides and cortisol were increased, the mean ACTH and ir-alpha-MSH pulse amplitudes were increased, and the mean ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH interpulse intervals were decreased. When four HPI ewes were subjected to a mild stress, plasma POMC-peptide and cortisol levels increased significantly when compared with the five unstressed HPI animals. In addition, the ACTH and cortisol pulse amplitudes increased and the ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH interpulse intervals decreased. Although plasma ACTH levels in the stressed HPI and HPD ewes were comparable, mean plasma cortisol levels were 2-fold greater in the stressed HPI animals. To determine whether the ACTH hypersecretion in the HPD ewe might reflect a net reduction in hypothalamic inhibitory influence over ACTH secretion, we examined the effects of dopamine (DA), somatostatin (SS-14), and rat atrial natriuretic peptide [rANF(1-28)] on the secretion of ACTH from cultured ovine anterior pituitary cells. DA and SS-14 did not exert a discernible effect on basal, CRF-, or arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated ACTH secretion. Although basal ACTH secretion was unaffected by rANF(1-28) (10(-12)-10(-8) M), a significant inhibition of CRF- and AVP-stimulated ACTH release was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Studies of the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in sheep with hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection. II. Evidence for in vivo ultradian hypersecretion of proopiomelanocortin peptides by the isolated anterior and intermediate pituitary. 197 94

Previous work had shown that interleukin 1 (IL-1), after a long period of treatment, stimulates beta-endorphin release and potentiates the effects of secretagogues in AtT-20 cells, a mouse anterior pituitary cell line. Treatment of AtT-20 cells with IL-1 induced a transient and early stimulation of mRNA expression by both immediate-early protooncogenes Fos and Jun (mouse c-fos and c-jun). The effect appeared within 30 min, and returned to basal levels after 2 hr. Desensitization of protein kinase C by phorbol ester pretreatment had no effect on the ability of IL-1 to induce Fos and Jun mRNA expression. Somatostatin, an inhibitor of cAMP and beta-endorphin secretion, did not reduce the IL-1 effect on Fos and Jun mRNA expression. Addition to AtT-20 cells of antisense oligonucleotides to Fos and Jun abolished the secretion induced by IL-1. These results indicate that immediate-early signals Fos and Jun are involved in IL-1-induced beta-endorphin secretion in AtT-20 cells.
 ...
PMID:Interleukin 1 induces beta-endorphin secretion via Fos and Jun in AtT-20 pituitary cells. 197 16

Neuropeptide Y is found in brain tissue. In dogs it has been shown to enhance activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by corticotropin-releasing hormone. It is localized in certain catecholamine neurons and to some extent colocalized with somatostatin. Disturbances of the central noradrenergic system may underlie some forms of alcoholism. Therefore, we compared male alcoholics and normal controls on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuropeptide Y. There was no significant difference between the two groups for neuropeptide Y. There was also no significant difference for CSF levels of growth hormone releasing hormone. However, there were significant positive correlations between CSF levels of neuropeptide Y and CSF levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, and growth hormone releasing hormone.
 ...
PMID:CSF neuropeptide Y in alcoholics and normal controls. 197 53

Suramin is a polyanionic compound which has been used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), while preliminary success has been reported in the treatment of cancer. However, suramin also causes adrenal insufficiency. We have previously reported that suramin selectively inhibited corticotropin (ACTH)-stimulated corticosterone release by dispersed adrenal cells in a dose-dependent manner via a direct interaction with the ACTH molecule. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the effect of suramin on hormone release by dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. Suramin at a concentration of 100 microM inhibited both basal and secretagogue-stimulated ACTH release by cells cultured in minimal essential medium (MEM) only, while it had no effect on ACTH release by cells cultured in MEM + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) or MEM + 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). In addition, suramin also caused a parallel decrease of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) release by cells cultured in MEM only, suggesting a toxic, rather than a selective effect of suramin on anterior pituitary cells cultured in MEM only. In addition, suramin potentiated the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on PRL release by cells cultured in MEM + 10% FCS and suppressed the inhibitory effect of dopamine (DA) on PRL release by cells cultured in MEM + 10% FCS and in MEM + 0.1% BSA. Comparable suppressive effects of suramin on growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-stimulated and somatostatin (SRIH)-inhibited GH release were found in cells cultured in MEM + 0.1% BSA but not in cells cultured in MEM + 10% FCS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of suramin on hormone release by cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. 198 Aug 98

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) detected the presence of beta-endorphin in the intraglandular colloid (IGC) of bovine pituitary intermediate lobe origin. The amount of beta-endorphin recovered in each of twelve samples ranged from 0.15 to 218.30 pmol/mg protein. A second group of assays [amino acid analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectral analysis] confirmed the RIA findings in another series of colloid samples. Approximately 75 pmol was collected from eight pooled glands. beta-Endorphin is an addition to the list of peptide hormones (e.g., methionine-enkephalin, adrenocorticotropin, arginine-vasopressin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, beta-lipotropin and somatostatin) previously discovered in IGC by this laboratory.
 ...
PMID:Beta-endorphin in pituitary intraglandular colloid of intermediate lobe origin. 205 96

Specific polyclonal antibodies raised against synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) infused intracerebroventricularly (ICV) significantly decreased gastric lesions induced by cold restraint stress. The antiulcer effect of immunologic blockade of brain TRH was specific. Normal rabbit serum or antibodies raised against somatostatin, alpha-MSH, Leu-enkephalin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and atrial natriuretic factor were ineffective. These findings suggest that brain TRH may play an important role in experimental stress ulcer formation.
 ...
PMID:Evidence for a role of brain thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on stress gastric lesion formation in rats. 211 18

The specific melanotropin (MSH) binding sites of rat lacrimal glands were characterized with respect to anatomic distribution, peptide specificity and selectivity, and coupling to a biological response. Tissue distribution of MSH binding sites was determined by autoradiography following in situ binding of a radiolabeled, biologically active preparation of a superpotent alpha-MSH analog, [125I]-[Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH ([125I]-NDP-MSH). Intense, specific (i.e., alpha-MSH-displaceable) [125I]-NDP-MSH binding was observed throughout lacrimal acinar tissue, but not in ducts or stroma. In freshly isolated lacrimal acinar cells, specific binding of [125I]-NDP-MSH was maximal within 30 min and rapidly reversible, with a dissociation half-time of about 15 min. A number of melanotropins [alpha-MSH, [N,O-diacetyl-Ser1]-alpha-MSH, [des-acetyl-Ser1]-alpha-MSH, beta-MSH, ACTH(1-24) and ACTH(1-39)] were recognized by these binding sites, as assessed by their inhibition of [125I]-NDP-MSH binding; NDP-MSH was the most potent (IC50 = 1.3 x 10(-9) M). In contrast, other peptides, including ACTH(4-10) and the nonmelanotropic peptides VIP, substance P, somatostatin, and ACTH(18-39) (CLIP), had no effects on tracer binding. In isolated lacrimal acinar cells, alpha-MSH and NDP-MSH stimulated intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation. We conclude that lacrimal acinar cells express functional receptors recognizing melanotropins, suggesting that the lacrimal gland may be a target for physiological regulation by endogenous melanotropins.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of functional melanotropin receptors in lacrimal glands of the rat. 216 77

A potent and long-acting somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995 (SMS) is currently employed for the treatment of various diseases with hypersecretion of hormones such as acromegaly and gastrinoma. The suppressive effects of SMS are also reported on the other pituitary and gastrointestinal hormones. The corticotropic-adrenocortical axis is a crucial hormonal complex in maintaining normal activity and life itself. In this study, the effects of SMS on corticotropic-adrenocortical functions were studied, since the effects of SMS on this hormonal axis are not well established. Seven normal males received a sc injection of 100 micrograms SMS or placebo at 0830 h and 100 micrograms synthetic human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) intravenously (SMS-hCRH study). Five of the 7 subjects were given an injection of a synthetic (1-24) ACTH (250 micrograms or 63 micrograms) at 0900 h after 100 micrograms SMS or a placebo at 0830 h (SMS-ACTH study). Blood samples were drawn at -30, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the hCRH injection for the determination of ACTH and cortisol in the SMS-hCRH study, and cortisol and aldosterone in the SMS-ACTH study. Although significant rises in plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were observed regardless of the preinjection of SMS, their responses to hCRH were significantly lower with the pretreatment with SMS than without SMS. A significant increase in plasma cortisol and aldosterone was observed in response to synthetic ACTH with both ACTH alone and the combined administration of SMS and ACTH, at either dose of ACTH. However, no significant difference in cortisol and aldosterone secretion was detected with and without SMS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue on pituitary-adrenocortical secretion in normal human subjects. 216 54

This study evaluated the effect of ACTH and several ACTH fragments on the development of gastric glandular lesions induced by cold-restraint stress in rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of ACTH1-39 dose-dependently (0.1-10 micrograms) inhibited stress gastric lesion formation. Studies with smaller molecular weight forms of ACTH (in a dose equimolar to 10 micrograms of ACTH1-39) revealed that ACTH1-13 and ACTH1-10 were also protective. The ACTH fragments ACTH5-10, ACTH34-39 and ACTH1-17 were without effect. Immunoneutralization of endogenous brain ACTH1-39 significantly increased stress gastric lesion severity. Antisera raised against synthetic somatostatin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and L-enkephalin were ineffective. These results with ACTH coupled with our previous demonstration of a protective effect of beta-endorphin suggest that specific brain pro-opiomelanocortin gene products modulate gastric mucosal integrity in response to stress.
 ...
PMID:Brain ACTH prevents stress gastric lesions in rats. 217 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>