Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The endogenous opioids and their receptors are known to play a major role in neoplasia. In the present study, naltrexone (NTX), a potent opioid antagonist, was utilized to explore the interactions of opioids and opioid receptors in mice with transplanted neuroblastoma (S20Y). Tumors from mice subjected to either intermittent (4-6h/day; 0.1 mg/kg NTX) or complete (24 h/day; 10 mg/kg NTX) opioid receptor blockade exhibited an up-regulation of DADLE and Met-enkephalin binding sites, as well as tissue levels of beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin. Binding affinity to [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE) or ethylketocyclazocine (EKC), the levels of plasma beta-endorphin, and the anatomical location and quantity of Met- and Leu-enkephalin and cytoskeletal components (i.e. tubulin, actin, brain spectrin (240/235) were similar in NTX and control tumor-bearing animals. Tissue viability of the 0.1 NTX group was increased compared to controls. Both mitotic and labeling indexes were increased during the period of opioid receptor blockade, but decreased in the period subsequent to receptor blockade. NTX treatment produced a 2-fold increased in sensitivity to opioids. Met-enkephalin (10 mg/kg) produced a depression in both mitotic and labeling indexes in tumor-bearing mice that could be reversed by naloxone (10 mg/kg) administration. Thus, the endogenous opioids are trophic agents that inhibit growth by suppressing cell proliferation. The duration of receptor blockade by opioid antagonists modulates these actions, affecting both tumor incidence and survival time. Complete opioid receptor block prevents the interaction of increased levels of putative growth-related peptides with a greater number of opioid receptors, thereby increasing cell proliferation and accelerating tumor growth. With intermittent blockade, an enhanced opioid-receptor interaction occurs during the interval when the opioid antagonist is no longer present, producing an exaggerated inhibitory action on cell proliferation and the repression of tumorigenic events.
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PMID:Opioid antagonist modulation of murine neuroblastoma: a profile of cell proliferation and opioid peptides and receptors. 254 Aug 73

Radioiodinated human beta-endorphin was cross-linked to opioid receptors from rat brain membranes using the bifunctional reagents bis-[2-(succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl] sulfone (BSCOES) and disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS). Major radiolabeled bands migrated with Mr values of 65,000, 55,000 and 33,000, however the presence of the 55 kDa band was variable. The 65 kDa band was characterized as the mu-receptor: the binding of [125I]beta-endorphin to this band was displaced by mu-selective ligands and blocked by alkylation of the receptor by mu-specific, but not delta-specific alkylating agents. The cross-linked receptor underwent alterations in mol. wt. during development. Early in development, embryonic day 18 and postnatal day 1, the [125I]beta-endorphin-labeled material migrated as a single band of mol. wt. 55 kDa. By day 21 postnatally the higher mol. wt. band of 65 kDa was present, as was material of 53, 47 and 43 kDa. Although the protein labeled early in development migrated with a mol. wt. of 55 kDa similar to the delta-receptor isolated from NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells, competition studies suggest this protein is not the delta-receptor. The 65 kDa band, tentatively identified as the mu-receptor, was present in adults but not detected in neonates, despite competition binding data indicating the presence of mu-sites. The results suggest that the 55 kDa band found in the 1-day-old neonate may be an immature form of the mu-opioid receptor that undergoes posttranslational modification, perhaps glycosylation, during development.
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PMID:Cross-linking of [125I]beta-endorphin to mu-opioid receptors during development. 254 Sep 24

At the cerebral level, studies employing several experimental approaches point to an essential role of beta-endorphin in analgesia, induced by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain. Tolerance and cross-tolerance studies suggest that mu-opioid receptors mediate this effect. The significance of sigma- and, in particular, kappa-opioid receptors in cerebral pain modulation is less well documented. At the spinal level, nociception is relayed in the dorsal horn, where opioid peptides as well as all types of opioid receptors are abundant. mu-opioid receptor-mediated anti-nociceptive processes appear to be most important in this region, but sigma-opioid receptors may also be involved. In addition, a role of kappa-opioid receptors can be demonstrated under certain conditions. Recent experiments indicate that opioids may also modulate nociception in the periphery, in particular in inflamed tissue.
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PMID:[Participation of opioids and opioid receptors in antinociception at various levels of the nervous system]. 255 24

Two peptides, designed to contain structural models of the proposed hydrophilic linker domain (residues 6-12) and amphiphilic alpha-helical domain (residues 13-29) in beta-endorphin, have been tested for their abilities to mimic the opioid receptor selectivity profile of the natural hormone. In competitive binding assays employing guinea-pig brain membranes, both peptides displayed a much higher affinity for mu- and delta-opioid receptors than for kappa opioid receptors. Relative to beta-endorphin, the peptide models were 2-3 times more potent in the mu and kappa receptor binding assays, and about equipotent in the delta receptor binding assay. In guinea-pig ileum assays, one peptide was equipotent to beta-endorphin and the other was twice as potent. Like beta-endorphin, their actions on this tissue were highly sensitive to naloxone antagonism, indicating that they were mediated by mu receptors and not kappa receptors. In view of the design of the two peptide models, and their minimal homology to the natural hormone, these results provide additional evidence in support to our proposal for the functional conformation of beta-endorphin.
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PMID:Opioid receptor selectivity of peptide models of beta-endorphin. 255 33

To evaluate to what extent opioid secretion in exercise induces the release of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), six healthy male volunteers who were trained subjects, were submitted to two maximal exercise tests with and without (control) opioid receptor blockade by Naltrexone. Blood samples were drawn before (rest) and after exercise (post-exercise) in order to measure human ANF (alpha h ANF), beta-endorphin, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) plasma renin activity (PRA) and adreno-cortico trophic hormone (ATCH) by radio-immunological methods. Expired gas was collected during exercise to measure oxygen consumption. On average, the same maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) during exercise was reached by all subjects with and without treatment. Plasma ANF level at rest slightly decreased after administration of Naltrexone; the response to physical exercise was significantly reduced by Naltrexone. There was no statistical difference between plasma levels of beta-endorphin, PRA and ACTH at rest nor in the post-exercise situation under the influence of Naltrexone. The PAC increased significantly at rest after Naltrexone administration but there was no statistical difference between both values after exercise. These data demonstrate that: (1) ANF secretion during exercise is influenced by the level of beta-endorphin in the plasma; (2) the possible inhibitory role of ANF on aldosterone secretion during exercise is probably over-ruled by the increase in plasma ACTH and PRA.
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PMID:Influence of endogenous opioids on atrial natriuretic factor release during exercise in man. 255 88

With the aid of lymphocytes' spontaneous adhesion test and the reaction of blast transformation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) the influence of met-enkephaline upon the functional activity of lymphocytes of healthy donors was studied in vitro. It was shown, that met-enkephaline stimulate lymphocyte spontaneous adhesion and the lymphocyte PHA-induced proliferative activity. The stimulating effects of met-enkephalin revealed in vitro were blocked by the opioid receptor blocker naloxone.
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PMID:[The effect of the stimulation of opioid receptors on lymphocyte functional activity in vivo]. 255 46

Leydig cells of many species synthesize and secrete opioid peptides, but the Sertoli and possibly the peritubular cells are the only intratesticular cells having opiate receptors. It is known that Sertoli and peritubular cells can modify the secretion of testosterone from Leydig cells. To test the hypothesis that testicular opioid peptides participate in a Leydig-Sertoli-peritubular-Leydig cell feedback loop that can regulate the intratesticular concentration of testosterone, we have developed a method for the in vitro perifusion of rat testicular fragments in which the intratesticular structure and thus the paracrine feedback loop remains intact. Our data show that both immunoreactive (IR)-beta-endorphin and IR-dynorphin were present in the testicular perifusion effluent; gel chromatography of pooled perifusion effluent show that the bulk of the secreted IR-beta-endorphin had the apparent mol. wt. of synthetic rat beta-endorphin whereas most of the secreted IR-dynorphin was composed of smaller than 4000 mol. wt. forms. On the other hand, the bulk of IR-dynorphin present in rat testicular tissue homogenates eluted in two higher mol. wt. peaks. The effect of mu and kappa opioid agonists and naloxone (a universal opioid antagonist) on both basal and gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone secretion from perifused testicular fragments was then examined; no stimulatory or inhibitory effect of the opioid receptor agonists or naloxone was found on basal and gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone secretion. Parallel experiments with Leydig cells in culture gave similar results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:In vitro-perifused rat testes secrete beta-endorphin and dynorphin: their effect on testosterone secretion. 256 57

Recent studies have shown that inhibitory feedback mechanisms regulate the release of the endogenous opioid peptides beta-endorphin (acting predominantly at mu opioid receptors in the brain), dynorphin (a kappa opioid receptor ligand) and [Met]enkephalin (a delta opioid receptor ligand) from the rat hypothalamus. By using specific antagonists of the various opioid receptor types, it is shown that the release of these peptides from hypothalamic slices in vitro is not only controlled by homologous (auto)-receptors, but that cross-regulation between the three neuronal opioid receptor types also occurs; thus, the delta receptor antagonist N,N-diallyl-Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu increases the release of all three peptides, the mu receptor antagonist D-tetrahydroisoquinoline-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 increases that of beta-endorphin and dynorphin, and the kappa receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine increases that of dynorphin; all these effects occur in the presence of tetrodotoxin, indicating a presynaptic site of action. We propose the term "allelo-receptors" to describe this particular form of neuronal regulation in which an endogenous ligand, acting via its own specific receptor, also regulates the release of related peptides which activate different classes of opioid receptors.
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PMID:Presynaptic auto- and allelo-receptor regulation of hypothalamic opioid peptide release. 257 Mar 78

This study examined several in vivo and in vitro factors which influence the release of [Met5]-enkephalin (Met-ENK) from male rat hypothalamic slices superfused in vitro. Met-ENK release was significantly stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 10(-12)-10(-8) M), an effect which was abolished in the presence of the CRH-receptor antagonist, alpha-helical CRF9-41 (10(-6) M). The amount of Met-ENK release diminished with time in experiments in which the slices were continuously exposed to CRH. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10(-6) M) stimulated Met-ENK release, even in the presence of the Na+ -channel blocker tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M), a result indicating presynaptic opioid feedback inhibition of Met-ENK release. The role of gonadal steroids in the control of Met-ENK release in vitro was also examined. It was found that the basal and CRH-induced release of Met-ENK was not changed 1 week after castration. However, a significant increase in the basal release of this peptide was observed 4 weeks after gonadectomy, and the Met-ENK-releasing efficacy of CRH was found to be reduced. The Met-ENK content of hypothalami from 1-week castrates was not significantly changed from control levels, but was significantly reduced in those from 4-week castrates. These long-term effects of castration could be overcome by the subcutaneous implantation of testosterone-containing capsules at the time of castration.
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PMID:Multiple factors influencing the in vitro release of [Met5]-enkephalin from rat hypothalamic slices. 278 52

We studied the binding of [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) and [3H] diprenorphine to crude plasma membrane fraction obtained from the bovine adrenal medulla (bovine adrenal medullary membranes) in order to characterize adrenal medullary opioid receptors. The [3H] diprenorphine binding was the highest in crude plasma membrane-mitochondrial fraction among all subcellular fractions studied. The amount of [3H] diprenorphine bound to bovine adrenal medullary membranes was proportional to the protein concentration. Association kinetics of the [3H] diprenorphine binding to bovine adrenal medullary membranes showed that the maximal binding was achieved following 8 min incubation and that the binding conformed the second-order kinetics. [3H] DADLE and [3H] diprenorphine bound to bovine adrenal medullary membranes with high affinities. The Kd and Bmax for the [3H] DADLE binding were found to be 2.9 nM and 57.5 fmole/mg protein, respectively, while those for the [3H] diprenorphine binding were 0.31 nM and 250 fmole/mg protein, respectively. Displacement studies showed that the [3H] diprenorphine binding was inhibited dose-dependently by levorphanol, dynorphin (1-13), beta-endorphin and DADLE. Levorphanol was at least 1000-fold more potent to inhibit the [3H] diprenorphine binding than dextrorphan, indicating stereospecificity of the [3H] diprenorphine binding. Na+, Li+ and K+ (100 mM) diminished the [3H] DADLE binding and enhanced [3H] diprenorphine binding. Na+ (100 mM) increased the Kd value for the [3H] DADLE binding from 2.9 nM to 14.1 nM. Mn++, Ca++ and Mg++ diminished the [3H] diprenorphine binding. Mn++ (1 mM) increased the Bmax value for the [3H] DADLE binding from 95 fmole/mg protein to 450 fmole/mg protein. These effects of Na+ and Mn++ on the [3H] diprenorphine binding were found to be dose-dependent. [3H] Diprenorphine binding to the digitonin-solubilized opioid receptor was also inhibited dose-dependently by Mn++. These results suggest that bovine adrenal medullary membranes contain high affinity and stereospecific opioid receptors and that the binding of opioids to the bovine adrenal medullary opioid receptors is influenced by cations. Binding study also revealed the presence of opioid receptors in human malignant pheochromocytoma. The Kd and Bmax of the [3H] diprenorphine binding to crude membrane fraction obtained from malignant pheochromocytoma were found to be 0.14 nM and 10.4 fmole/mg protein, respectively.
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PMID:[Characterization of adrenal medullary opioid receptors. I. Binding of opioids to adrenal medullary opioid receptors]. 282 99


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