Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum LH, FSH, TSH, PRL, GH and cortisol levels were measured in 10 patients with a craniopharyngioma both before and after a combined insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, GnRH and TRH test. In pre-operative studies, only two patients did not show hormonal abnormalities, while eight patients had deficiencies of one or more hormones. The most frequent abnormality was GH deficiency (six cases), followed by gonadotropin (four cases), cortisol (four cases), and TSH (one case), whereas four patients showed high serum PRL values. In post-surgical studies, a significant improvement of pituitary function was observed in two cases, whereas an impairment of previously normal corticotropin reserve was recorded in another case. The data obtained suggest that endocrine abnormalities in patients with craniopharyngiomas are irreversible in most cases.
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PMID:Evaluation of anterior pituitary function in adult patients with craniopharyngiomas. 643 39

We have attempted to clarify the physiological involvement of endogenous opiates in the steroid-mediated control of gonadotrophin release. Our studies showed that there was an acute reduction in the inhibitory effects of endogenous opiates on LH and FSH release following gonadectomy in the rat. This was indicated by a significant reduction in the ability of naloxone to stimulate serum LH/FSH levels (sampled at 15 min) in 26-day-old female rats 48 h after ovariectomy. Luteinizing hormone was highly sensitive to the inhibitory effects of the synthetic met-enkephalin analogue, FK 33-824, at this time (sampled at 90 min). An unexpected observation was that long-term absence of gonadal steroids also disrupted the ability of exogenous opiates, FK 33-824 and morphine, to influence LH release. This was seen as an inability of FK 33-824 (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg) to inhibit LH secretion. The effects of gonadectomy on opiate control of LH occurred at all developmental stages and were not due to a disruption of sexual maturation. Opiate involvement in prolactin secretion did not appear to be adversely affected by an absence of gonadal steroids. Another novel aspect of this work was that the opiatergic component in the control of gonadotrophin secretion could be reinstated in long-term gonadectomized rats by treatment with oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate. Similarly, priming with increasing dosages of oestradiol benzoate which resulted in progressively lower LH levels gave larger naloxone in progressively lower LH levels gave larger naloxone responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The inhibitory effect of opiates on gonadotrophin secretion is dependent upon gonadal steroids. 643 Oct 46

A new clonal strain of Prl-secreting cells derived from the transplantable rat pituitary tumour, 7315a, has been established in culture. The cells of this strain, designed 235-1, have a highly developed Golgi complex, an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a few small but no large dense-core granules. When inoculated into athymic mice and rats of the Buffalo strain, the 235-1 cells produce tumours, and the host animals have hypertrophied mammary glands that produce milk, indicating that Prl secreted by these cells has mammotrophic activity. In monolayer culture, the doubling time of 235-1 cells is 31 +/- 1 h (mean +/- SE). The cells secrete Prl, a trace quantity of GH, but no LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, or alpha-MSH. Prl is released at a rate of 257 +/- 12 fg per h per cell. The cellular content of Prl is 424 +/- 23 fg per cell. Prl secretion by 235-1 cells is not affected by dopaminergic agonists and antagonists, TRH, or oestradiol-17 beta but is inhibited in the presence of EGTA or monensin, an ionophore that is believed to act at the level of the Golgi complex. The subcellular distribution of Prl in 235-1 cells is different from that in rat pituitary cells. In 235-1 cells, Prl is associated not with a single set of dense particles as it is in pituitary cells but with 2 sets of subcellular particles, of which 1 set cosedimented with particles having lysosomal enzyme activity. These findings suggest that Prl secretion by 235-1 cells involves secretory pathways that are different from those seen in normal lactotrophs.
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PMID:A new clonal strain of rat pituitary tumour cells: a model for non-regulated secretion of prolactin. 643 12

Despite its occurrence in most vertebrate species, the function of the hypophysial pars tuberalis (PT) remains obscure. Recent immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of hormone-containing cells in the few species studied. In the present study the secretory cell composition of the PT was characterized in a variety of mammals using immunocytochemistry. Species studies were the mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, rhesus monkey, baboon, and human. Antisera were chosen on the basis of their ability to identify a distinct cell population in the pars distalis. A total of 21 antisera were used to identify GH, PRL, ACTH, beta-endorphin, LH, FSH, and TSH. Gonadotropes were identified in the PT of all eight species and were the predominant immunoreactive cell type in the human, baboon, rhesus monkey, sheep, guinea pig, rabbit, and mouse. Thyrotropes were detected in all species except the sheep. They were the predominant cell type in the rat but were less common than gonadotropes in other species. No other secretory cell types were found, with the exception of occasional somatotropes and mammotropes in some human specimens, and small clusters of opiocorticotropes in the guinea pig. Thus the general pattern in the mammalian PT is the presence of gonadotropes and thyrotropes and the absence of other pituitary cell types. In the human, baboon, and rat, all PT parenchymal cells can be identified immunocytochemically. However, in the rhesus monkey, sheep, guinea pig, rabbit, and mouse, the majority of PT cells do not react with any antisera, and thus their function is unknown. Follicles are common in the PT of most mammalian species, however, the luminal contents do not react with antisera to adenohypophysial hormones.
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PMID:The mammalian hypophysial pars tuberalis: a comparative immunocytochemical study. 651 Jun 90

In order to investigate the opiate receptors involved in the control of anterior pituitary hormone secretion, five different opioid drugs were administered intravenously to groups of 6 normal male subjects. Morphine (10 mg), methadone (10 mg), pentazocine (30 mg), nalorphine (10 mg) and 0.25 mg of the met-enkephalin analogue, DAMME, all caused similar increases in circulating prolactin with falls in serum LH and cortisol. Methadone and DAMME also elevated GH and TSH; morphine elevated TSH but not GH, nalorphine GH but not TSH. After pentazocine neither GH nor TSH changed. FSH failed to change significantly after any drug. All these changes, except serum cortisol, were antagonised by 4 mg naloxone. Taking into account the known receptor subtypes preferentially activated by each opiate, it is suggested that prolactin secretion is modulated by epsilon-receptors and TSH by mu-receptors. The control of ACTH probably involves delta-or kappa-receptors, that for LH kappa-or epsilon-receptors. It is not possible on present data to allocate a specific receptor mediating the opioid control of GH.
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PMID:Differential effects of opiate peptides and alkaloids on anterior pituitary hormone secretion. 663 17

The pituitaries of adult and fetal crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) have been studied by immunofluorescence using 15 antibodies against most of the known hormones in the adenohypophysis. The antibodies used were first checked on adult pituitaries for their cross-specificity with macaque pituitary hormones. We found five types of endocrine cells reacting positively, according to the biochemical relation of the molecules evidenced with one or more of the antibodies used. The sequential appearance of the various hormones in the cells of the anterior and intermediate lobes was then determined. The first hormones evidenced at day 45 of pregnancy were ACTH, beta-MSH, beta- and gamma-LPH and alpha- and beta-endorphins. alpha-MSH appeared at day 48 and STH at day 51. The glycoprotein hormones, LH, FSH and TSH, appeared at day 57 but the thyrotropes and gonadotropes did not attain their adult characteristics (staining intensity, morphology, density and distribution in the pituitary) until days 71 and 93, respectively. Prolactin was only found beginning at day 93 of pregnancy. The different specificity tests applied to the pituitary of the macaque, as well as to that of other vertebrates, show that the antibodies used have good specificity. A comparison of the dates at which the fetal pituitary gonadotropes appear in the macaque and the results of a developmental study of the external genital organs in that species indicated that the pituitary gonadotropic function is only established after somatic sex differentiation, which would thus probably occur independently.
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PMID:An immunocytological study of the adult crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) pituitary and its cytological differentiation during fetal life. 676 Feb 94

This paper reports an immunofluorescent study of the pituitary in the fetal pig (Sus scrofa). Fifteen antisera were used against most of the hormones present in the pituitary. Five types of hypophysial endocrine cells were observed in the anterior and intermediate lobes. We determined the sequential appearance of these various cell types in the fetus. The first hormones found at 33 days were ACTH, beta-MSH, beta- and gamma-LPH and alpha- and beta-endorphin; alpha-MSH appeared at 40 days and STH at 45 days. The glycoprotein hormones, LH (45 days), TSH (50 days) and FSH (60 days), appeared between 45 and 60 days. The density and staining of the gonadotropes increased up to 80 days, at which time they reached values similar to those of the adult. Prolactin was not found until 80 days. An anti-LHRH antiserum was used to study LHRH neuron differentiation between 30 and 70 days of pregnancy. The first immunoreactive perikaryons were found at 40 days but the immunoreactive fibers did not reach the median eminence until about 60 days. However, we observed differentiated capillary loops in the palisade layer of the median eminence only in the 70-day fetus. These results when compared with actual data on the differentiation of the reproductive function in the pig fetus permitted us to define an overall pattern of the differentiation and functioning of the fetal neuroendocrine hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system in the porcine species. This pattern includes, (i) autodifferentiation and autofunctioning of the gonads and (ii) autodifferentiation of the pituitary with (iii) later assumption by the hypothalamus followed by a phase during which the whole reproductive system functions.
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PMID:Immunocytological study of the chronology of pituitary cytogenesis in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) with special reference to the functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. 676 Feb 97

The present study demonstrates that synthetic alpha-MSH given as a 2.5 mg intravenous bolus induces an unequivocal rise in LH and FSH in male subjects but not in female subjects during the low estrogen phase of the cycle.
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PMID:Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone induces gonadotropin release. 677 91

The effect of long-acting analogue of met-enkephalin (DAMME) and naloxone on gonadotrophin secretion has been investigated in man. In menopausal women DAMME induced a progressive fall in LH to approximately 60% of basal levels at 3 h, which was blocked by naloxone; there was a smaller fall in FSH that did not attain statistical significance. However, the LHRH-induced rise in LH and FSH in young male volunteers was unaffected by pretreatment with a high-dose DAMME infusion. Naloxone infusion in young male and female normal subjects produced a significant rise in both LH and FSH. Long-term infusion of naloxone appeared to increase the rate, and possibly the amplitude, of LH pulsatility. These results suggest that met-enkephalin-like opioid peptides exert a tonic inhibitory control of LH release in both menopausal and young subjects of both sexes. This control is most likely to be at the level of the hypothalamus, and involves modulation of pulsatile LHRH release.
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PMID:The opioid control of LH and FSH release: effects of a met-enkephalin analogue and naloxone. 678 82

The presence of PRL in high concentration in human amniotic fluid has been related to changes in water transport across amnion but not chorion leave. The cellular composition of human amniotic epithelium has been reported to include at least two structurally distinct cell types, known as light cells and dark cells, that differ in their ability to transport large molecules. In the present study, human amnion obtained from term cesarean section was evaluated through the use of autoradiography as to its ability to localize hormones of similar and variant molecular sizes. Amniotic epithelium exposed to [125I]human PRL, [125I]human Gh, [125I]human beta-endorphin, [125I]bovine FSH, and sodium 125I alone was found to display a selectivity in its ability to localize [125I]human PRL only. Furthermore, the selective localization of [125I]human PRL was found to be specific to the light cells, because dark cells failed to localize any of the other tracers used. These data provide additional evidence in support of the recently proposed concept that term human amniotic epithelium consists of at least two functionally distinct cell types. Furthermore, the high levels of PRL in amniotic fluid may have a specific physiologic role in the amniotic membrane during human gestation.
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PMID:Specific cells of human amnion selectively localize prolactin. 707 3


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