Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Radioimmunoassay was applied to study the hormones (corticotropin, cortisol, T3, T4, testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones) in 52 male neurotic patients and 120 healthy donors in Arkhangelsk city, as compared to latitudinal mean values. In patients, prolactin, cortisol, thyroid hormones and gonadotropins were increased by 82.7%, 48.7%, 41%, 52.6%, respectively. Patients also had lower production of ACTH, higher blood contents of T3, prolactin and testosterone. Unidirectional shifts were detected in hormonal systems of neurotic patients, with respect to the time of the disease onset and the duration of last exacerbation: ACTH secretion increased with reduced response of adrenal cortisol production, compensatory increase in thyroid functions, redistribution of gonadotropic fractions increasing the FSH/LH ratio, decrease in testosterone production. At the initial stages prolactin secretion increased to reach later its plateau.
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PMID:[Hormone content of the blood in neurotic patients]. 297 68

Normal subjects were studied to test the feasibility of a combined anterior pituitary function test using iv administration of four hypothalamic releasing hormones: ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone, human GH-releasing hormone, GnRH, and TRH. Initially, nine normal men were studied with various combinations of these four hormones to exclude the possibility that they might inhibit or synergize with each other in releasing the individual anterior pituitary hormones. When given in combination, the releasing hormones were administered as sequential 20-sec iv infusions in the following order and doses: ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone, 1 microgram/kg; GnRH, 100 micrograms; human GH-releasing hormone, 1 microgram/kg; and TRH, 200 micrograms. Plasma or serum samples were assayed for ACTH, cortisol, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, and TSH at multiple times for 120 min after injection. Compared to individual administration, combined administration of these four hypothalamic releasing hormones caused no apparent inhibition or synergism with respect to the individual hormone responses of these normal subjects. Side-effects of the combined test were the same as those observed with individual hormone administration. No unusual or dangerous side-effects were observed. Having confirmed the efficacy of combined administration of the four releasing hormones, we administered the combination to five additional normal men and 12 normal women. Anterior pituitary hormone and cortisol responses were the same in men and women, except for a lower LH and a greater PRL response in women. There was a rapid increase in all hormones, with peak levels usually reached by 60 min. Adequate assessment of individual hormone responses can be achieved by assaying a basal and only 2 (or 3 in the case of ACTH and GH) postinfusion samples. A rapid, safe, and useful test of combined anterior pituitary function appears to be feasible using these four hypothalamic releasing hormones.
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PMID:Rapid sequential intravenous administration of four hypothalamic releasing hormones as a combined anterior pituitary function test in normal subjects. 298 3

Whether peptide hormones other than ACTH may be responsible for the difference in size or rate and pattern of steroidogenesis of the fetal zone (FZ) compared to those of the neocortex (NC) of the human fetal adrenal gland is controversial. In the present investigation, the activity of adenylate cyclase in membrane fractions of separated zones of the human fetal adrenal gland was determined. Basal adenylate cyclase activity was 2- to 3-fold greater in NC than in FZ membrane fractions. The addition of ACTH-(1-24) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in both zones, but the activity was more sensitive to ACTH (10(-10) M) in NC fractions than in FZ fractions (10(-7) M). In addition to ACTH-(1-24), the effect of other ACTH-related peptides on the activity of adenylate cyclase in the separated zones of the adrenal gland was investigated. 16K fragments 2-36, gamma 3MSH, alpha MSH, beta-endorphin, leu-enkephalin, and met-enkephalin, as well as hCG, FSH, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, epinephrine, and norepinephrine did not stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in either zone. It is concluded that basal and ACTH-(1-24)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities are greater in NC than in FZ membrane fractions. In addition, the results of the present investigation do not support the concept that other ACTH-related peptides or peptide or protein hormones increase steroidogenesis by stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in the human fetal adrenal gland.
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PMID:Adenylate cyclase activity in neocortex and fetal zone membrane fractions of the human fetal adrenal gland. 298 5

A comparison was made with the data of 62 cases of pituitary adenoma, evaluated pre- and postoperatively, including as well the results of immunohistochemical hormone examination (also for calcitonin). Prolactin was found in 18 of the 21 adenomas carrying the preoperative diagnosis of prolactinoma, whereas cells containing other hormones (growth hormone, LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, beta-endorphin), were only occasionally present. The growth hormone was strongly positive in the adenoma tissue in 16 of the 17 cases of acromegaly. 5 of these adenomas were accompanied by a marked hyperprolactinemia and also contained many prolactin cells. 6 of the 19 adenomas diagnosed as being 'inactive' contained hormone-positive cells, but only a very small number of cells. ACTH was found in 3 of the 4 pituitary adenomas of patients with Cushing's disease. 2 of these were also positive for beta-endorphin. The tissue of 1 gonadotrophic adenoma (with elevated FSH in serum) gave positive results with an anti-LH antiserum. Calcitonin was not found in any adenoma. The preoperative serum prolactin levels did not quantitatively correlate with the percentage of prolactin-positive cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical examination of pituitary adenomas. Comparison to clinical and endocrinological findings. 298 43

Experiments were designed to evaluate the role of activators of protein kinase C, such as 1,2-diacylglycerol and phorbol esters, on the release of all the anterior pituitary (AP) hormones in vitro. Dispersed rat AP cells were incubated in the presence of 1,2-didecanoylglycerol (DiC10), a synthetic diacylglycerol, or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, at different concentrations and for varying periods of time. ACTH and beta-endorphin (beta-End) secretion were enhanced by DiC10 in a concentration-dependent manner, with a minimal effective concentration of 5 microM. PDBu at 5 nM produced a significant release of both ACTH and beta-End. The effect of DiC10 and PDBu was time dependent, with maximal responses occurring at 15-30 min for DiC10 and 30-60 min for PDBu. Release of GH was also enhanced significantly by DiC10 and PDBu, with minimal effective concentrations of 1 microM and 1 nM, respectively. Maximal release of GH was already attained within 15 min with DiC10 or 60 min with PDBu. In additional experiments, the effects of DiC10 and PDBu on secretion of LH, FSH, PRL, and TSH were evaluated. The results indicate that 5-25 microM DiC10 produced a concentration-dependent release of each of those hormones, and that 5 microM was the minimal effective concentration in every case. Nearly maximal stimulation was achieved within 15 min for each hormone. PDBu (50 nM) significantly enhanced LH, FSH, PRL, and TSH release within 30 min. Although qualitatively all hormones were similarly stimulated, both with respect to time and concentration, some quantitative differences were observed. ACTH and beta-End release were enhanced 100% by DiC10 and 300% by PDBu, whereas the increase in other hormones was of a lesser magnitude. The present study indicates that two specific stimulators of protein kinase C, diacylglycerol and phorbol ester, can enhance secretion of all AP hormones in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This suggests that formation of endogenous 1,2-diacylglycerol may represent a physiological intracellular messenger in the events leading to AP peptide hormone release.
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PMID:1,2-Didecanoylglycerol and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate enhance anterior pituitary hormone secretion in vitro. 299 14

Ten normal young men (22-28 yr of age), within 10% of their ideal body weight, were given the four releasing hormones (TRH, 200 micrograms; GnRH, 100 micrograms; ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone, 50 micrograms; GH-releasing hormone, 80 micrograms) iv on separate days and then in combination on the same day. Plasma TSH, PRL, FSH, LH, cortisol, ACTH, and GH were measured by RIA in samples collected from 20 min before to 120 min after injection. There were no significant differences in responses to the separate and combined tests for FSH, LH, cortisol, ACTH, and GH. The plasma TSH (0.001 less than P less than 0.01) and PRL (P less than 0.001) responses were significantly higher after the combined test. The tolerance was identical to that of TRH alone. In eight patients studied after pituitary surgery, combined administration provided results comparable to those obtained after separate administration of TRH, GnRH, and insulin.
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PMID:Pituitary stimulation by combined administration of four hypothalamic releasing hormones in normal men and patients. 300 59

Anterior pituitary hypersecretion can be due to abnormal hypothalamic regulation, decreased peripheral hormone feedback or pituitary tumor. In some cases hypersecretion gives rise to a typical clinical syndrome involving acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, and excess corticotropin (ACTH). The etiology of acromegaly is a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumor in the vast majority of cases. Hyperprolactinemia and excess cortisol, however, may be due to many causes among which prolactin (PRL)- and ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors are not frequent. Glycoprotein-secreting pituitary tumors, especially gonadotropin (LH and FSH) and free subunits usually do not cause a typical excess hormone syndrome. Perhaps for this reason they are seldom recognized clinically, although histopathological studies are increasingly disclosing the gonadotrope nature of many pituitary tumors. Mixed hormonal secretions are common. When pituitary hormone secretion can be selectively suppressed by medical therapy, a significant reduction of tumor size is by no means rare. In other cases, pituitary irradiation or surgery, or even treatment aimed at a peripheral target gland, may be necessary.
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PMID:[Anterior pituitary hypersecretion syndromes]. 302 61

In 72 patients with end-stage renal failure and 70 healthy subjects, the influence of blockade of opioid receptors by naloxone on secretion of prolactin, lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), somatotropin (HGH), insulin (IRI), glucagon (IR-G), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) was studied. Administration of naloxone stimulated luliberin-induced LH and FSH secretion quantitatively equally in patients and controls. Blockade of opioid receptors was followed by a less marked suppression of chlorpromazine-induced prolactin secretion but by a higher response of hypoglycemia-induced ACTH secretion in uremic patients than in controls. In addition, a less marked suppressive effect of naloxone was noted on hypoglycemia-induced HGH secretion in chronic renal failure as compared with controls. Blockade of opioid receptors improved significantly glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin secretion in uremic patients and suppressed nearly completely glucagon secretion response during the second phase of a glucose tolerance test. Finally, administration of naloxone was followed by a blunted response of Ca-induced CT secretion and suppression of PTH. Data presented in this paper suggest the existence of hyperendorphinism in end-stage renal failure.
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PMID:Effects of naloxone administration on endocrine abnormalities in chronic renal failure. 303 7

It has been well established that surgical stress leads to profound changes in endocrine function and metabolism. However, the endocrine response varies depending upon the type and the extent of surgery. As no data were available about the endocrine changes during and following major head and neck surgery, this study was performed. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), gonadotropins (LH and FSH), oestradiol and testosterone were determined in 17 patients one day before, immediately after, as well as 2 and 4 days after head and neck surgery. An increase in ACTH, cortisol, PRL and GH, and a decrease in plasma oestradiol and testosterone values occurred immediately after surgery. There was a slow fall in cortisol levels after surgery, but they remained elevated even on the fourth postoperative day, whereas GH values returned on the fourth day to the initial level. There were no changes in gonadotropins, TSH and T3, but T4 values were found to be increased on the second and fourth postoperative day. The prolonged cortisol stimulation which was not described by other researchers after other kinds of surgery might be caused by vagal stimulation during and/or after head and neck surgery. Increased needs after a major head and neck surgery could explain the increment of T4 values.
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PMID:Endocrine responses to head and neck surgery in men. 303 87

IPL nude females present an absence of lactation with hypoprolactinemia. While males present a slight but significant decrease in serum testosterone and gonadotropins, females show normal values of estradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH during all estrus cycle stages. In this work, we observed that the postovariectomy rise of LH and FSH was significantly lower in the IPL nude females. We studied also the effect of acute (1 injection of 25 micrograms/rat E2Bz) or long-term (E2Bz capsule for 8 days) estradiol benzoate (E2Bz) treatment, with or without progesterone injection (5 mg/rat) in ovariectomized (OVX) IPL and normal females. The sensitivity of gonadotropins to E2 negative feedback is decreased in the IPL nude rats, result in agreement with previous reports and which could be linked to both hypoprolactinemia and decreased beta-endorphin observed in the IPL nude rat. The responsiveness of LH to LHRH was also tested in OVX and OVX + E2Bz or OVX + E2B + P treated. In OVX females responsiveness of LH to LHRH was similar in IPL nude to that of normal females. However, LH responsiveness in acute and long-term steroid-treated OVX IPL nude was significantly depressed. Since the mechanism whereby PRL interacts with steroids to modify gonadotropin secretion is still unexplained, IPL nude rat could be a good model to study it.
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PMID:Steroid regulation of gonadotropins in genetically hypoprolactinemic females (IPL nude rats). 308 74


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