Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pituitary glands of two urodelan species (Mertensiella caucasica, Triturus cristatus) and one one caecilian species (Chthonerpeton indistinctum) were examined with histological (Alcian blue, Brookes' trichrome stain), enzyme histochemical (acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthylacetate-esterase, acetylcholinesterase) and immunofluorescence techniques (anti-carp GTH, anti-ovine prolactin, anti-synthetic alpha-MSH). In the pituitary gland of Mertensiella and Triturus six chromophilic cell types could be distinguished. A strong fluorescence was observed in the MSH-, GTH- and TSH-cells. In the pituitary gland of Chthonerpeton only five chromophilic cell types could be distinguished: in the rostral part of the pituitary gland the B3-cell; in the basal region of the central area the B2-cell; dorsocaudally the B1-cell. The acidophilic cells were found in the central and caudal part of the pars distalis. The basophils of the pars intermedia could be observed in the dorsocaudal part of the pituitary gland surrounding the neurohypophysis. All acidophilic cells showed a strong immunofluorescence with anti-ovine prolactin (LTH).
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PMID:Histological, immuno- and enzyme-histochemical investigations on the adenohypophysis of the urodeles, Mertensiella caucasica and Triturus cristatus and the caecilian, Chthonerpeton indistinctum. 34 44

Previous studies have identified a group of cells in the dorsolateral hypothalamus that project to many different areas in the CNS, such as thalamus, diagonal band of Broca, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. Their role is presently unknown, but the cells have been reported to stain for an intriguing array of putative neurotransmitter-related substances, including alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), human growth-hormone-releasing factor 1-37 (hGRF 1-37), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), metorphamide, and acetylcholine esterase. A monoclonal antibody produced in the present study, alpha C11, stains both the cell bodies of this system in hypothalamus, with a punctate pattern, and varicose fibers in the various target areas. In double-label immunocytochemical experiments in rat DLH, alpha C11 and MCH staining exactly overlaps. Concentrations of alpha MSH and MCH high enough to completely block staining with the corresponding antisera had no effect on staining with alpha C11. Similarly, CRF, hGRF 1-37, and metorphamide were unable to block alpha C11 staining. The results suggest that the antigenic epitope for alpha C11 is not contained in alpha MSH, MCH, CRF, hGRF, or metorphamide, and thus, that alpha C11 is detecting another antigen uniquely expressed in these neurons. The punctate appearance of staining in the hypothalamus and the concentration of staining in fiber varicosities suggests that the alpha C11 epitope may be involved in synaptic function.
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PMID:Novel antigenic determinant expressed in neurons of the dorsolateral hypothalamus in rat and human. 137 80

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression and POMC peptides have been demonstrated in the Leydig cells of the testis, although selective removal of the Leydig cells with the cytotoxic drug ethane dimethane sulfonate did not significantly reduce levels of testicular POMC mRNA or peptides in adult rats. Since macrophages in the rat spleen synthesize POMC peptides, we investigated whether isolated macrophages from the adult rat testis may be an additional source of POMC-derived peptides. Testicular macrophages were isolated by collagenase treatment of adult rat testes and adherence to siliconized glass coverslips; the biological, cytochemical and immunological characteristics of the attached cells were compared with those of Leydig cells purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation. Macrophages in the cell preparations were identified by positive esterase cytochemical staining, latex bead ingestion, and immunocytochemical staining with ED2 (a macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody), and an absence of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase cytochemical staining. Leydig cells in the purified preparations were positive for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and esterase staining but negative with ED2, and were not phagocytic. Based on these criteria, the purities of the macrophage and Leydig cell preparations employed in this study were estimated to be 87 +/- 4% and 91 +/- 3%, respectively. Cytoplasmic beta-endorphin (beta EP) immunoreactivity (ir) was present in 62 +/- 9% of cells in the purified Leydig cell preparations--confirming these cells as a source of POMC-derived peptides. In addition, ir-beta EP and ir-ACTH were localized to the cytoplasm of a similar proportion of cells (beta EP, 62.5 +/- 5%; ACTH, 64 +/- 5%) in macrophage preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Localization of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropic hormone and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA to rat testicular interstitial tissue macrophages. 166 44

We measured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) beta-endorphin (BE) in patients suffering from hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE), a disease attributed to C1-esterase inhibitor (C1INH) deficiency inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Two orders of considerations prompted us to undertake the study reported herein: the presence of elevated plasma BE concentrations in HANE and the demonstration of BE-immunoreactivity in human unstimulated peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from healthy volunteers. Our results show that patients suffering from HANE have a very high BE presence in uncultured, unstimulated PBMC and in unstimulated PBMC cultured for 48 h. At this time high BE concentrations are detected in the culture supernatants. These observations suggest that in HANE patients the same factor(s) involved in causing increased secretion and release of BE from the pituitary (and, in turn, increased plasma BE levels) can play a relevant role also in the determination of high BE presence in PBMC and BE release from the cells.
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PMID:High amounts of beta-endorphin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HANE patients. 179 Nov 39

To find out whether the hippocampus is involved in central nervous system-mediated glucoregulation, we injected saline, neostigmine, dopamine, norepinephrine, bombesin, beta-endorphin, somatostatin, and prostaglandin F2 alpha into the dorsal hippocampus in anesthetized fed rats. After injection of dopamine, norepinephrine, bombesin, beta-endorphin, somatostatin, or prostaglandin F2 alpha, the level of hepatic venous plasma glucose did not differ from that in saline-treated control rats. However, neostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase, caused a dose-dependent increase in the hepatic venous plasma glucose concentration. This neostigmine-induced hyperglycemia was dose-dependently suppressed by coadministration of atropine, but not by hexamethonium. Injection of neostigmine (5 X 10(-8) mol) resulted in an increase not only in glucose but also in glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in hepatic venous plasma. In bilateral adrenalectomized rats, neostigmine-induced hyperglycemia was suppressed, but the hepatic venous plasma glucose concentration still increased significantly. These results indicate that the hippocampus is involved in central nervous system-mediated glucoregulation through cholinergic muscarinic activation, partly via epinephrine secretion.
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PMID:Involvement of the hippocampus in central nervous system-mediated glucoregulation in rats. 256 20

The cholinergic and dopaminergic innervation of the amygdala plays an important role in attention, emotional arousal, aversive forms of associative learning, conditioned responses, and stress responsivity. Roman High- (RHA) and Low-Avoidance (RLA) rats are an ideal model to study the potential impact of this innervation on behavioral responses, because they were selected bidirectionally for differences in their two-way active avoidance performance. RHA rats are known to quickly acquire two-way active avoidance and show indications of enhanced impulsive behavior, novelty seeking, and vulnerability to substance abuse, whereas RLA rats exhibit a passive coping style with high levels of immobility and enhanced stress responsivity. In the present study, the density of acetylcholine esterase (AchE)-positive cholinergic fibers and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) fibers were analyzed in various amygdala nuclei. In comparison to RLA rats, RHA rats displayed a significantly higher density of AchE-positive fibers in the lateral nucleus (La), the major sensory input area of the amygdala. In contrast, RLA rats showed a higher density of TH-ir fibers in the lateral division of the central nucleus (CeL), which modulates amygdala output and is known to contain more corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) positive neurons in RLA than in RHA rats. The findings suggest that a higher density of AchE-positive fibers in the La of RHA rats may facilitate attentional mechanisms and aversive forms of associative learning in RHA rats, whereas the increased density of TH-ir fibers in the CeL of RLA rats may be involved in the regulation of enhanced CRH expression and stress responsivity.
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PMID:Density of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) containing fibers in the amygdala of roman high- and low-avoidance rats. 2758 49