Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neuroendocrine hormone alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) has profound antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Here we have examined the possibility that alpha-MSH may interfere with the expression and function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) expressed by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TNFalpha in vitro and in vivo. In HDMEC, alpha-MSH (10(-8)/10(-12) M) profoundly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of E-selectin, vascular CAM (VCAM)-1, and intercellular CAM (ICAM)-1 induced by LPS or TNFalpha as determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. In addition, alpha-MSH significantly impaired the LPS-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-mediated adhesion of lymphocytes to HDMEC monolayer in a functional adhesion assay. Likewise, alpha-MSH effectively inhibited the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB activation in HDMEC, which is required for CAM gene expression. Importantly in vivo, in murine LPS-induced cutaneous vasculitis (local Shwartzman reaction), a single ip injection of alpha-MSH significantly suppressed the deleterious vascular damage and hemorrhage by inhibiting the sustained expression of vascular E-selectin and VCAM-1. This persistent expression has been implicated in the dysregulation of diapedesis and activation of leukocytes, which subsequently leads to hemorrhagic vascular damage. Our findings indicate that alpha-MSH may have an important therapeutical potential for the treatment of vasculitis, sepsis, and inflammatory diseases.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced vasculitis by down-regulating endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression. 1248 65

Psychosocial factors have been reported to be independently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Though corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the major hormone activated during adaptive responses to stressful stimuli, the undergoing pathophysiological mechanism related to stress-induced endothelial dysfunction is still poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the effects of extrahypothalamic CRH on monocyte/endothelium adhesion. Second we elucidate the influence of CRH on monocytic endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) release and the receptors involved. Cell adhesion was determined using an adhesion assay, MAC-1 expression by flow cytometry. ET-1/NO release were quantified via ELISA or fluorometrically, monocytic CRH-receptors were confirmed by mRNA. Corticotropin-releasing hormone induced a significant time- and concentration-dependent increase of cell adhesion as well as monocytic MAC-1 expression; endothelial ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was not altered. In addition, corticotropin-releasing hormone significantly increased monocytic ET-1 release whereas nitric oxide release was decreased. The effect was abolished by the selective CRH-receptor antagonist astressin. Our findings support the importance of peripherally circulating corticotropin-releasing hormones, by influencing specific homeostatic properties of monocytes. Our data may provide a novel concept of how specific CRH-receptor antagonists may prevent CRH (stress)-related endothelial dysfunction up to cardiovascular complications.
 ...
PMID:Effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on monocyte function, mediated by CRH-receptor subtype R1 and R2: a potential link between mood disorders and endothelial dysfunction? 1642 94

1. Differences in blood lipids, glucose, insulin, amylin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, aldosterone, angiotensin II, metabolites of nitric oxide (nitrate, nitrite), asymmetric dimethyl arginine, endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, C-reactive protein, homocysteine and oxidative status (urate, vitamin A, vitamin E, beta-carotene and total anti-oxidant capacity) were investigated in men (aged 18-25 years) with (+) or without (-) a family history (FH) of hypertension. 2. In the present study, FH+ was defined as having at least one parent or grandparent taking medication for hypertension. Blood (60 mL) was sampled (0800-1000 hours) from a cannulated forearm vein after an overnight fast and 24 h abstinence from caffeine-containing products and alcohol. 3. Comparing FH+ with FH-, systolic blood pressure (124 +/- 1 vs 117 + 3 mmHg, respectively; n = 50 and 14, respectively; P < 0.05) and plasma cortisol (377 +/- 23 vs 298 +/- 24 nmol/L, respectively; n = 43 and 12, respectively; P < 0.05) were found to be significantly higher in the former group. 4. No significant difference was found between the two groups for body mass index, resting heart rate, diastolic and mean blood pressures or any of the biochemical measures studied. 5. A significant correlation was found between cortisol and ACTH (r = 0.73). No correlation was found between cortisol and any other parameter measured. 6. These data indicate that elevated cortisol levels are characteristic of young lean normotensive FH+ men. The future impact of this on their vascular health and hypertension remains to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Elevated levels of circulating cortisol in young normotensive adult men with a family history of hypertension. 1806 96

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a proopiomelanocortin derivative and a multi-function neuropeptide, well know for its pigment-inducing capacity, inhibitory action on proinflammatory cytokines and chemoattractant cytokines, and suppressive action on collagen synthesis. Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTF) are the main effector cells in the initiation and mediation of wound healing and fibrotic scar formation after trabeculectomy. In this study the effects of alpha-MSH on proliferation of HTF stimulated by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), have been investigated and discussed. Fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) in the control group, and in DMEM with TGF-beta1 at concentration of 10(-12) M in the TGF-beta1 group, and DMEM with 10(-12) M TGF-beta1 and alpha-MSH ranging from 0, 10(-8) to 10(-4) M in the TGF-beta1/alpha-MSH groups. Cell proliferation was assessed 48 h later by the CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. After administration of TGF-beta1 at a concentration of 10(-12) M, or TGF-beta1 at 10(-12) M plus alpha-MSH at 10(-6) M, the mRNA level of type I (alpha1) collagen, fibronectin, TNF-alpha, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in HTF were analyzed using the real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Alpha-MSH demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HTF induced by TGF-beta1 in a dose-dependent manner, when the concentration was lower than 10(-5) M, and a suppressive effect on the mRNA expression of type I (alpha1) collagen, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, which were up-regulated by TGF-beta1. Our results showed a reverse effect of alpha-MSH on the imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs compared with TGF-beta1. Based on all these results, we conclude that alpha-MSH could effectively suppress HTF proliferation and modulate correlative genes in collagen synthesis stimulated by TGF-beta1, which implies that alpha-MSH could be exploited in the treatment of conjunctival fibrotic scar disorder.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone suppresses the proliferation of human tenon's capsule fibroblast proliferation induced by transforming growth factor beta 1. 2311 52