Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of met-enkephalin on pure exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in five subjects with external transduodenal drainage of the main pancreatic duct carried out after biliary tract surgery. Intravenous infusion of a low dose of met-enkephalin (0.15 micrograms/kg/h) during submaximal pancreatic stimulation with secretin (25 ng/kg/h) and cerulein (10 ng/kg/h) significantly increased pancreatic outputs. Bicarbonate secretion increased 50% above control values, a more marked effect than the increase in enzyme secretion (maximal rise averaged 22%). The effect of the peptide was rapid, persisted for the duration of met-enkephalin infusion and then tended gradually to diminish.
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PMID:Stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion by met-enkephalin. 380 24

Two cell culture systems were used for studies of neural functions in vitro. A neuronal hybrid cell line (neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells) and primary glial-rich cultures of newborn murine brain. The level of cyclic AMP in both systems is regulated by two groups of hormones, those that stimulate and those that inhibit formation of cyclic AMP. Among the inhibitory hormones active on the hybrid cells are opioids. Therefore the cells are being used in the elucidation of action of opioids. The list of stimulating and inhibitory hormones regulating the primary glial-rich cultures includes several peptide hormones such as the gastrointestinal peptides secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide, the calcaemic hormones parathyrin and calcitonin, adrenocorticotropin and melanotropins, and somatostatin. Noradrenaline (via alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors) and adenosine (via A1 and A2 receptors) inhibit and stimulate cyclic AMP synthesis in the primary glial-rich cultures. Bradykinin slowly hyperpolarizes the hybrid cells and elicits formation of cyclic GMP. Both responses desensitize rapidly. Substance P increases the permeability of hybrid cells for Na+, as measured by using 14C-guanidinium as substitute for Na+. Hybrid cells actively accumulate taurine, an amino acid that appears to fulfill important functions in the nervous system. The transport of taurine across the plasma membrane is highly specific for and strictly dependent on Na+. The pumped station hypothesis of taurine action in the nervous system views taurine gradient plus taurine carrier as a transport system for the elimination of sodium from neurons during phases of high neuronal activity.
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PMID:Cell culture as models for studying neural functions. 608 74

The effect of VIP on prolactin secretion from incubated rat hemipituitaries was characterized. Under these conditions, the secretion of GH, LH, FSH, ACTH was not affected, indicating that the effect of VIP is hormone specific. The stimulation of prolactin was dose-dependent, with an apparent affinity of VIP of 10.9 +/- 3.1 nM and a maximal stimulation of 57.7 +/- 4.2%. Secretin, a structurally related peptide, was also active at higher concentrations, whereas another partial analogue, glucagon, was ineffective. Furthermore, VIP does not act through pituitary DA receptors since alpha-flupentixol, a potent dopaminergic antagonist, does not block the stimulation of prolactin secretion by VIP. In addition, stimulation by VIP and TRH was additive. Naloxone and met-enkephalin were ineffective on the VIP effect on prolactin release. In contrast, SRIF seems to inhibit the VIP stimulation of prolactin release. Our data suggest that VIP, which was found in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal blood at concentrations of the same order of magnitude as that found to stimulate PRL in vitro, could be a physiological PRF.
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PMID:[PRF activity of VIP in vitro (author's transl)]. 612 34

The gastrointestinal tract of the alligator Alligator mississipiensis has been investigated for the presence of immunoreactivity to fourteen regulatory peptides all known to occur in the mammalian gut system. Mucosal endocrine cells reacting specifically with the antisera to neurotensin, C-terminal gastrin, somatostatin, bombesin, secretin, pancreatic glucagon and enteroglucagon were detectable, the distribution of these cells being, in general, similar to the mammalian pattern. Peripheral nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres were detected with the antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, bombesin and somatostatin again with a distribution similar to that seen in mammals. No immunoreactivity was observed with the available antisera to glicentin, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gastrin 34, cholecystokinin 9-20 and met-enkephalin.
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PMID:Regulatory peptides in the gastrointestinal tract of Alligator mississipiensis. An immunocytochemical study. 613 28

In the brain of adult specimens of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L), cells immunoreactive for several kinds of neuropeptides were localized by means of the PAP procedure, by use of antisera raised against mammalian hormones or hormonal peptides. In contrast, no such neurosecretory cells were found in the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata (CC/CA); in the CC/CA, however, immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed, reaching these organs from the brain. The neurosecretory cells found in the brain were immunoreactive with at least one of the following mammalian antisera, namely those raised against the insulin B-chain, somatostatin, glucagon C-terminal, glucagon N-terminal, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), gastrin C-terminus, enkephalin, alpha- and beta-endorphin, Substance P, and calcitonin. No cells were immunoreactive with antisera specific for detecting neurons containing the insulin A-chain, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin connecting peptide (C-peptide), polypeptide YY (PYY), gastrin mid-portion (sequence 6-13), cholecystokinin (CCK) mid-portion (sequences 9-20 and 9-25), neurotensin C-terminus, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, or serotonin. All the neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells observed emitted nerve fibers passing through the brain to the CC and in some cases also to the CA. In CC these immunoreactive nerve fibers tended to accumulate near the aorta. It was speculated that neuropeptides are released into the circulating haemolymph and act as neurohormones.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical investigations of neuropeptides in the brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata of an adult lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta (L). 613 31

Preliminary observations have indicated the existence of characteristic spectra of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neurohormonal peptides in endocrine tumors arising in foregut, midgut, and hindgut derivatives. In order to further explore this feature of GEP endocrine neoplasms, islet cell tumors from 14 patients were studied, as were endocrine tumors of the stomach, duodenum, and upper jejunum from 6, 5, and 2 patients, respectively. All tumors were examined immunohistochemically with antisera raised against islet hormones [insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)], peptides of the gastrin family [gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)], peptides of the secretin family [secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)], and substance P, neurotensin, leu-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, motilin, calcitonin, and ACTH. In addition, an ultrastructural investigation was made. Whenever possible, the immunohistochemical observations were correlated with the clinical manifestations and with the results of radioimmunochemical determination of GEP neurohormones in the blood. The pattern of immunoreactive neurohormonal peptides and the clinical picture were those to be expected in endocrine tumors arising in foregut derivatives. Some principles are proposed for the classification of GEP endocrine tumors on the basis of their histopathologic growth pattern, their spectrum of neurohormonal peptides, and their clinical manifestations.
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PMID:Neurohormonal peptides in endocrine tumors of the pancreas, stomach, and upper small intestine: I. An immunohistochemical study of 27 cases. 613 99

Calmodulin exhibits high-affinity, calcium-dependent binding of 1 mol/mol of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secretin, and either the 42- or 43-residue gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) with dissociation constants of 0.05-0.14 microM. The affinity of VIP for calmodulin approaches its affinity for the cell-surface VIP receptors. These peptides compete with both smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase and glucagon in calmodulin binding. Calculation of amino acid frequencies for eight calmodulin binding peptides (VIP, GIP, secretin, ACTH, beta-endorphin, substance P, glucagon, and dynorphin [Malencik, D. A., & Anderson, S. R. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 3480]) shows a below-average incidence of glutamyl residues, above-average incidence of glutaminyl residues, and average incidence of both aspartyl and asparaginyl residues. Predictions of structure from sequence suggest that the bound peptides contain strongly basic turns and coils in close association with regions having above-average beta-sheet potential. The temperature dependence of glucagon binding by calmodulin shows that the association is enthalpy driven.
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PMID:Binding of hormones and neuropeptides by calmodulin. 618 15

The regional and topographic distribution of endocrine cells in the human intestine was examined by immunohistochemistry. The frequency of endocrine cells was greatest in the small intestine with the rectum next in order. The duodenum and jejunum harbored a large number of different endocrine cell types; the spectrum of cell types gradually narrowed distally in the intestine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-containing enterochromaffin cells were present in all regions of the intestine and comprised the single largest endocrine cell population. In addition, a minor proportion of these cells contained substance P. The second largest cell population consisted of the glicentin cells, which were notably numerous in the ileum and colon. The somatostatin cells also occurred throughout the digestive tract. Cells storing cholecystokinin, motilin, secretin, or gastric inhibitory polypeptide were more numerous in the proximal and middle small intestine than distally. Gastrin cells were few and occurred in the proximal duodenum only. Other cells in the small intestine reacted with antiserum directed against the common C-terminus of gastrin and cholecystokinin. The number of these cells greatly exceeded the sum of cells reactive to gastrin-specific or cholecystokinin-specific antisera. Cells displaying beta-endorphin, pro-gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, or beta-lipotropin immunoreactivity, or a combination of these, were found in the small intestine. Cells storing neurotensin, glicentin, substance P, or pro-gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone increased in number distally in the small intestine. Enterochromaffin cells, glicentin cells, and somatostatin cells were the predominant endocrine cell types in the colon and rectum. The majority of the glicentin-immunoreactive cells also contained glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity. Endocrine cells in the large intestine often possessed basal processes.
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PMID:Endocrine cells in human intestine: an immunocytochemical study. 619 39

The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and several other peptides have been examined on cyclic AMP accumulation in intact pieces and isolated horizontal cells of the teleost (carp) retina. VIP was the most effective peptide examined, inducing a dose-related response, and an approximately fivefold increase in cyclic AMP production when used at a concentration of 10 microM. Porcine histidine isoleucine-containing peptide and secretin, peptides structurally related to VIP, also stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation, but at concentrations of 10 microM induced responses which were only approximately 40% and 10%, respectively, of the response observed with 10 microM VIP. In contrast, several other peptides, including glucagon, neurotensin, somatostatin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, cholecystokinin octapeptide26-33, gastrin-releasing peptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and VIP10-28 were totally inactive. The response to 10 microM VIP was not antagonized by several dopamine antagonists, indicating the presence of a population of specific VIP receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase, distinct from the population of dopamine receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase also known to be present in this tissue. Finally, experiments involving the use of fractions of isolated horizontal cells indicate that these neurons possess a population of VIP receptors coupled to cyclic AMP production which would appear to share a common pool of adenylate cyclase with a population of similarly coupled dopamine receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide and other peptides on cyclic AMP accumulation in intact pieces and isolated horizontal cells of the teleost retina. 619 61

Primary cultures of neonatal murine brain have been reported to express multiple receptors that regulate adenylate cyclase activity. Since for the most part these results were obtained with mixed cell cultures, it has been difficult to define receptor profiles for specific cell types. With this concern in mind a series of studies has been initiated designed to identify specific receptors present on highly purified, immunocytochemically defined astroglia derived from the cerebral cortices of neonatal rats. In this study the capacity of a variety of peptide hormones to regulate cyclic AMP metabolism in these cells was examined. Fibroblasts derived from the meninges represent a predictable source of contamination in primary CNS culture. Thus, to assign more clearly specific receptors to the astroglial cell population, receptor-mediated regulation of cyclic AMP accumulation was also examined in fibroblasts. Cyclic AMP accumulation in astroglia was stimulated by catecholamines (acting at beta 1-adrenergic receptors), prostaglandin E1, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropin. Bombesin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, neurotensin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, secretin, and vasopressin did not significantly increase cyclic AMP levels in these cultures. Catecholamines, acting at alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, and somatostatin inhibited agonist-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. In meningeal cell cultures catecholamines (acting at beta 2- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors) and prostaglandin E1 regulated cyclic AMP levels. However, vasoactive intestinal peptide did not stimulate and somatostatin did not inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation in these cells.
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PMID:Regulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by peptide hormone receptors in immunocytochemically defined astroglial cells. 620 41


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