Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus with an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome and melanocytic differentiation is described. ACTH, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein were identified in the tumor by immunocytochemistry. Neurosecretory granules and melanosomes could be demonstrated in different cell populations by electronmicroscopy. The clinicopathologic findings are presented. The literature is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Melanocytic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus. 302 5

An extensive array of nerve fibers ramify around the afferent blood vessels of the liver and the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary pathways, and are thought to be involved in regulation of blood flow. Although the role of sympathetic innervation is established, little is known about the location or role of regulatory peptidergic innervation in the liver. We examined the anatomic distribution of a wide variety of regulatory peptides and several neural antigens by in situ immunohistochemistry in the rat and in man. A rich peptidergic plexus of nerve fibers and ganglion cells was observed around the arterial vessels in both species, with intense immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase, neurofilaments, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. S-100 protein immunoreactivity was seen principally in large nerve bundles, suggesting that the majority of nerves in this area were unmyelinated. In contrast, the portal vessels revealed very little peptidergic innervation. No staining was observed with antibodies directed against insulin, glucagon, gastrin, serotonin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, cholecystokinin, or growth hormone. These findings indicate the presence of a rich, although selective, peptidergic plexus surrounding afferent hepatic blood vessels. This plexus may play an important role in regulation of hepatic blood flow.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine innervation of the hepatic vessels in the rat and in man. 318 22

We report a case of mammary intracystic papillary carcinoma occurring in a 75-year-old man. The tumor was present on the left pectoral area for five years. Grossly, the neoplasm was a cystic structure 10 cm in diameter, with multiple intramural filiform papillae and small foci of cyst wall invasion. By transmission electron microscopy the tumor cells had the normal complement of organelles and also multiple electron-dense, membrane-bound secretory granules. These granules were also demonstrated with multiple stains for argyrophilia and with periodic acid-Schiff. Immunoperoxidase stains were negative for neuron-specific enolase, S100 protein, vasoactive intestinal peptide, corticotropin, calcitonin, lactalbumin, and bombesin, and positive for human heart factor (myoepithelial cells) and carcinoembryonic antigen. We believe that this rare neoplasm represents a variant of mammary adenocarcinoma and not a neuroendocrine (carcinoid) neoplasm.
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PMID:Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the male breast. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 389 93

A case of bronchial carcinoid tumor with ectopic corticotropin production is described. Cushing's syndrome refractory to therapy, including pituitary irradiation and hypophysectomy, had been present for 12 years before the neoplasm was discovered at autopsy. The tumor was a small nodule localized in the pulmonary parenchyma and an adjacent hilar lymph node. Corticotropin, serotonin, and neuron-specific enolase were localized in the neoplasm by immunoperoxidase staining.
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PMID:Cushing's syndrome produced by a bronchial carcinoid tumor. 608 84

Four peptides--vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, somatostatin and a peptide-like avian pancreatic polypeptide--have been found in nerves of the human male genitalia using highly sensitive and specific methods of immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Five other peptides (met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, neurotensin, bombesin and cholecystokinin-8) were absent. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was the most abundant peptide, its highest concentration being in the proximal corpus cavernosum. Immunoelectron microscopy localized this peptide to large (97 +/- 20 nm), round, electron-dense granules of p-type nerve terminals. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were found in the prostate gland and the root of the corpus cavernosum. Substance P immunoreactive material was present in smaller concentration and was mainly localized in nerves around the corpuscular receptors of the glans penis. Somatostatin immunoreactive nerves were associated mainly with the smooth muscle of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens. When antiserum to avian pancreatic polypeptide was applied, certain nerves were stained, particularly in the vas deferens, the prostate gland and the seminal vesicle. However, chromatography detected no pure avian pancreatic polypeptide suggesting the presence of a structurally related substance, possibly neuropeptide Y, which cross-reacts with the avian pancreatic polypeptide antiserum. Similar distributions between vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves and between avian pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive and adrenergic nerves were observed. A general neuronal marker, neuron-specific enolase, was used to investigate the general pattern of the organ's innervation. The abundance and distribution patterns of these peptide-immunoreactive nerves indicate that they may play important roles in the male sexual physiology.
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PMID:Peptidergic innervation of the human male genital tract. 619 58

A partially encapsulated, 11-cm-diameter anterior mediastinal mass was resected from a 26-year-old man who appeared with signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. Electron microscopic study disclosed cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules and positive immunoperoxidase reactions for neuron-specific enolase and corticotropin in the tumor cells. A lymph node metastasis was detected 11/2 years after the operation. It appears that a thymic carcinoid tumor is a specific entity.
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PMID:Thymic carcinoid tumor with Cushing's syndrome. Report of a case with electron microscopic and immunoperoxidase studies for neuron-specific enolase and corticotropin. 632 26

To correlate serial biomarkers and disease activity in carcinoma of the lung, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), C3-derived protein (C3DP-C), and LDH were assayed in 43 patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and in 20 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (15 with adenocarcinoma, three with squamous cell carcinoma, and two with mixed histology). Disease status after treatment was rated as one of the following: complete response, partial response, minor regression, stable disease, and progressive disease. Significant correlations between disease status and markers in SCLC were found for CEA, NSE, LDH, and ACTH. In NSCLC, only CEA and LDH showed significant correlation. Marker-marker correlations were significant in SCLC for CEA and NSE (P less than 0.05), CEA and LDH (P = 0.01), and NSE and LDH (P less than 0.01); in NSCLC none were significant. None of the markers exhibited significant correlations with specific metastatic sites. Certain biomarkers (CEA, NSE, and LDH in SCLC; CEA and LDH in NSCLC) can be used alone or in combination to monitor disease activity but appear to be no more sensitive than standard clinical investigational methods.
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PMID:Multiple sequential biomarkers in monitoring patients with carcinoma of the lung. 632 8

One case of breast neuroendocrine primary small cell carcinoma with light microscopic and immunohistochemical findings is reported. The patient died of unrelated disease 21 months after diagnosis and treatment by modified radical mastectomy, radiotherapy and subsequent chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical studies revealed cytokeratin and neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase) immunostaining on tumoral cells. Expression for neuropeptides (met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, beta-endorphin) and CALLA antigen was found. Based on this case report and six other previously reported cases, breast neuroendocrine primary small cell carcinoma appears to be a very aggressive tumor for which no firm conclusions regarding treatment can be drawn.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine primary small cell carcinoma of the breast. Report of a case and review of the literature. 863 51

The aim of this study was to investigate the neurochemical coding of myenteric neurons in the guinea pig gastric corpus by using immunohistochemical methods. Antibodies and antisera against calbindin (CALB), calretinin (CALRET), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), beta-endorphin (ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), parvalbumin (PARV), serotonin (5-HT), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were used. Double- and triple-labeling studies revealed colocalization of certain transmitters and enabled the identification of distinct subpopulations of gastric enteric neurons. NPY/VIP/NOS/ENK were present in 28% of all neurons, whereas 11% had NPY/VIP/DBH/ChAT; NOS-only neurons made up 2% of the population. The combination SP/ChAT/ENK occurred in 21% of the population, whereas SP/ChAT/ENK/CALRET and SP/CHAT/SOM/ +/- CALRET was identified in 5% and 6% of all cells, respectively. 5-HT-containing neurons comprised 2% of all cells and could be further classified by the presence of additional antigens as 5-HT/SP/(ChAT) or 5-HT/VIP/(ChAT). Approximately 21% of all neurons contained only ChAT with no additional antigen present and are referred to as ChAT/-. Gastric myenteric ganglion cells were not immunoreactive for CALB, PARV, CGRP, or TH. The results of this study indicate that gastric myenteric neurons can be characterized on the basis of different chemical coding. Neurochemical coding of corpus myenteric neurons revealed some similarities and significant differences in comparison with other regions of the gut. These differences might reflect adaptation of enteric nerves according to regional specialization and the distinct functions of the proximal stomach as a gastric reservoir.
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PMID:Neurochemical coding of enteric neurons in the guinea pig stomach. 753 52

A pheochromocytoma from a 59-year-old woman was found to be immunoreactive to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), chromogranin, neurofilament-200, neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein. Northern blot analysis showed that both proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) genes were expressed in the pheochromocytoma but not in the surrounding adrenal cortex. In primary culture, the POMC and CRH mRNAs were increased by dexamethasone (500 micrograms/l for 3 days) up to 10- and 15-fold of the control, respectively. The secretion of ACTH also was stimulated eightfold with the same treatment. The stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on POMC gene expression was inhibited 70% by nerve growth factor (NGF, 200 micrograms/l), 30% by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA, 160 nmol/l) (a protein kinase-C activator) and 30% by (Bu)2cAMP (1 mmol/l). On the other hand, NGF alone increased the CRH mRNA accumulation up to 10-fold, and further enhanced the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on the CRH mRNA twofold, and TPA inhibited (30%) the dexamethasone-induced CRH mRNA accumulation. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of the pheochromocytoma cells increased secretion of corticosterone fourfold in the primary culture of rat fetal adrenal cells. Our results indicate abnormal expression and regulation of POMC and CRH genes in this pheochromocytoma.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma expressing adrenocorticotropin and corticotropin-releasing hormone; regulation by glucocorticoids and nerve growth factor. 792 Dec 4


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