Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The processing pathway of enkephalins along the sympathetic neuron was studied. While in vasa deferentia terminal parts of peripheral sympathetic neurons are found, sympathetic ganglia contain the cell bodies of these neurons. Biochemical evidence was obtained for the colocalization of met-enkephalin and noradrenaline in large dense-cored vesicles of sympathetic neurons of bovine vasa deferentia and bovine ganglia stellata. Acetic acid extracts of these tissues were analysed by a combination of chromatography, proteolytic digestion with trypsin and carbonxypeptidase B and specific radioimmunoassays. High molecular weight species of enkephalin containing peptides were detected in ganglia stellata. In contrast with the ganglia, only low molecular weight enkephalin containing peptides could be found in the vasa deferentia. When these peptides extracted from vasa deferentia were further analysed on reversed phase fast protein liquid chromatography, the met- to leu-enkephalin ratio was found to be 4.8 to 1, which is close to the 4 to 1 ratio found in the proenkephalin precursor. After digestion with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B, met-enkephalin immunoreactivity appeared in fractions probably containing met-enkephalin-arg-6-phe-7, met-enkephalin-arg-6-gly-7-leu-8 and peptide E.
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PMID:Enkephalin containing peptides in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. 2050 Nov 77

In order to characterize a wide spectrum of leukocyte functions with clinically applicable procedures, 0.06 ml each of heparinized whole blood was stimulated in triplicate for 4h with phytohemagglutinin (T cell stimulator), heat aggregated IgG (IgG Fc receptor stimulator), lipopolysaccharide (toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 stimulator), zymosan (TLR-2 stimulator), monoclonal antibody against T-cell receptor alpha/beta chain, recombinant interleukin-2, and solvent controls, then 32 different leukocyte function-associated mRNAs were quantified by the method reported previously (Mitsuhashi et al. Clin. Chem. 2006). Two control genes (beta-actin, beta-2-microglobulin) were not affected by these stimulations, whereas the induction of CCL chemokines-2, 4, 8, 20, CXCL chemokines-3, 10, interleukin (IL)-8 (markers of leukocyte accumulation/recruit), granzyme B, perforin 1, tumor necrosis factor superfamily-1, 2, 5, 14, 15, CD16 (markers of cell killing), IL10, transforming growth factor beta 1 (humoral factors of immune suppression), forkhead box P3, CD25, arginase (cellular markers of immune suppression), IL2, IL4, interferon-gamma, IL17 (markers of various subsets of T helper cells), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (marker of antigen presenting cells), immunoglobulin heavy locus (marker of B-cells), vascular endothelial growth factor (marker of angiogenesis), pro-opiomelanocortin (marker of local pain), and CD11a mRNA (marker of leukocyte adherence to endothelium) were identified by these stimulations. The blood volume in this assay was 1.44 ml, and 4 h' incubation in whole blood was physiological. Using triplicate aliquots of whole blood for both stimulant and solvent control, statistical conclusion was drawn for each stimulant for each mRNA. The method introduced in this study will be a new paradigm for clinical cellular immunology.
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PMID:Ex vivo simulation of leukocyte function: stimulation of specific subset of leukocytes in whole blood followed by the measurement of function-associated mRNAs. 2095 4


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