Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear are rare, with only three previously reported cases. The authors report the light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features of two carcinoid tumors that occurred in a 34-year-old female and a 21-year-old male. Both presented with unilateral hearing loss. By light microscopic examination, both were characterized by trabecula of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei and no mitotic activity. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated large numbers of pleomorphic neurosecretory granules, perinuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments, cell junctions, and surface microvillous processes. Some cells contained intermediate filaments forming tonofilaments and lacked secretory granules. These cells stained for cytokeratin by immunoperoxidase and separated the neuroendocrine cells from the underlying basal lamina. The cells in this tumor stained for the molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide. Cells in both tumors also stained for pancreatic polypeptide. Neither case stained for lysozyme, insulin, glucagon, somatastatin, gastrin, substance P, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, neurotensin, Bombesin, serotonin, neuron-specific enolose, glial and neural filaments, S-100 protein, cholecystokinin, beta-endorphin, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, prolactin or calcitonin. Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear can be distinguished from paraganglioma and middle ear adenoma.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear. 357 33

In cultured rat hepatocytes, the effects of gut hormones on bile acid uptake and release were studied. It was found that cultured hepatocytes continued to secrete bile acids into the culture medium and incorporated them effectively as a function of incubation time. Gut hormones such as secretin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), tetragastrin, cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), neurotensin substance P, beta-endorphin (beta-End), methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk), motilin, bombesin and somatostatin (SS) had no effect on bile acid uptake by cultured hepatocytes. In bile acid release studies, only secretin caused a dose-dependent stimulation of bile acid release, while other gut hormones had no effect on bile acid release into medium. These results indicate that secretin acts directly on cultured rat hepatocytes and/or bile canaliculi, besides its effect on the bile duct, and influences bile acid metabolism.
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PMID:Effects of gut hormones on bile acid uptake and release in cultured rat hepatocytes. 359 53

Hypotensive functional haemorrhage induced by venous pooling of blood in the legs has been reported to be characterized by a vasovagal reaction. In the present study these observations were extended by determination of the hormonal profile developed during progressive central hypovolaemia and an emotionally induced vasovagal syncope. In six subjects venous pooling resulted in normotensive central hypovolaemia, in one subject hypotensive central hypovolaemia was induced, and one subject experienced an emotionally induced vasovagal syncope. During normotensive central hypovolaemia heart rate increased from 58 +/- 4 to 76 +/- 4 beats min-1 (P less than 0.05) and cardiac output fell from 6.1 +/- 0.4 to 4.1 +/- 0.2 1 min-1. Pulse pressure and central venous pressure decreased from 64 +/- 4 to 53 +/- 4 mmHg, and from 8 +/- 2 to 3 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively. Adrenaline and noradrenaline increased from 87 +/- 10 to 120 +/- 20 pg/ml and from 196 +/- 33 to 370 +/- 50 pg/ml, respectively. Angiotensin II increased from 13 +/- 4 to 36 +/- 6 pg/ml and aldosterone from 63 +/- 9 to 180 +/- 27 pg/ml. In hypotensive central hypovolaemia the decrease in mean arterial pressure was accompanied by a decrease in heart rate and increments in the plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, indicating increased vagal activity and beta-endorphin, while plasma noradrenaline was unchanged. In emotionally induced syncope heart rate decreased to cardiac arrest for 13 s, associated with increments in the plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and beta-endorphin. It is concluded that normotensive functional haemorrhage in man is associated with increased sympathetic activity and that the qualitatively similar observations obtained during an emotionally and a hypovolaemic-induced hypotensive episode indicate that the hypotensive functional haemorrhage is characterized by a vasovagal reaction.
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PMID:Progressive central hypovolaemia in man--resulting in a vasovagal syncope? Haemodynamic and endocrine variables during venous tourniquets of the thighs. 360 88

The gastrointestinal motor function in patients with anorexia nervosa is poorly understood, although it may be relevant to the pathophysiology of the disorder. We have undertaken a multidisciplinary study of 8 patients with anorexia nervosa and 8 age- and sex-matched controls. We have characterized their gastrointestinal and neurohormonal function by measuring (a) gastric electrical activity, (b) antral phasic pressure activity, (c) gastric emptying of solids and liquids, and (d) hormonal and autonomic function. Patients with anorexia nervosa at the time of the initiation of therapy presented with (a) increased episodes of gastric dysrhythmia (mean percentage of dysrhythmic time: 9.75 patients vs. 0.48 controls during fasting, p less than 0.02; 7.21 patients vs. 0.18 controls postcibally, p less than 0.001), (b) impaired antral contractility (mean motility index, 12.8 patients vs. 14.2 controls, p less than 0.002), (c) delayed emptying of solids, (d) decreased postcibal blood levels of norepinephrine and neurotensin (levels of beta-endorphin, insulin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gastrin, cholecystokinin, and human pancreatic polypeptide were normal), and (e) impaired autonomic function (resting diastolic blood pressure and skin conductance were decreased and the response to the cold pressor test was dampened). Differences between patient and control groups were statistically significant. We conclude that patients with anorexia nervosa present multiple gastrointestinal abnormalities involving control mechanisms as well as target organs.
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PMID:Gastric electromechanical and neurohormonal function in anorexia nervosa. 365 45

The objectives of this study were to characterize the time course of development of the renal hyperemia induced by chronic portal vein stenosis (PVS) in the rat, and to assess the possibility that vasoactive blood-borne gastrointestinal peptides mediate the renal hyperemia in established portal hypertension. Blood flow to the kidneys was measured with radioactive microspheres over a ten day time course. On day 2, no difference in renal blood flow (RBF) was observed in PVS rats as compared with controls. However, by day 4, RBF significantly increased by 35% in PVS vs. control animals. On day 6, the renal hyperemia in PVS rats reached a maximal value that was 42% higher than controls. A steady state hyperemia (approximately 40%) was maintained thereafter. Radioimmunoassay of plasma from control and established portal hypertensive rats (10 days samples) revealed that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, cholecystokinin, gastrin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide, beta-endorphin and peptide histidine-isoleucine amide are not elevated in arterial plasma of portal hypertensive rats. These data suggest that the renal hyperemia induced by chronic portal vein stenosis is apparent within 4 days of the onset of a hypertensive state and attains a steady state by day 8. Furthermore, at least eight blood-borne gastrointestinal peptides are not directly involved in the renal hyperemia associated with chronic portal hypertension.
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PMID:Renal hyperemia in portal hypertension is not mediated by gastrointestinal peptides. 380 6

In the suboesophageal ganglion of the Colorado potato beetle and the migratory locust three types of peptidergic neurosecretory cells were identified immunocytochemically with antisera to bovine pancreatic polypeptide, FMRFamide, vasopressin and alpha-MSH. Their locations and immunocytochemical reactions are similar, which suggests that these peptidergic cells in both insect species are homologous and perhaps have similar functions.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of a homology in peptidergic neurosecretory cells in the suboesophageal ganglion of a beetle and a locust with antisera to bovine pancreatic polypeptide, FMRFamide, vasopressin and alpha-MSH. 609 Sep 97

Eighty-one primary ovarian carcinoids and intraovarian metastases from six mid-gut carcinoids were examined for the presence of tumor cells immunoreactive with antisera raised against various neurohormonal peptides, mostly of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) origin. Twenty of the primary and two of the metastatic carcinoids contained such tumor cells. The incidence of tumors with any kind of neurohormonal peptide immunoreactive tumor cells was 53% in the trabecular carcinoids, and 42% in the strumal carcinoids, whereas the incidence was much lower (7%) in the insular type. Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, enkephalin, and somatostatin were those neurohormonal peptides most commonly observed in the tumor cells of the primary carcinoids. Those less commonly found were substance P, calcitonin, VIP, neurotensin, beta-endorphin, and ACTH. Four metastatic carcinoids were nonreactive with all the antisera used. Cells storing immunoreactive insulin, glucagon, PP, VIP, gastrin, substance P, or enkephalin were found in one of the two remaining metastatic carcinoids; in the other only gastrin-immunoreactive tumor cells were observed. The occurrence and distribution of tumor cells storing the neurohormonal peptides in ovarian carcinoids are discussed in relation to their possible origin in the ovary and to carcinoids in the gut.
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PMID:Neurohormonal peptides in ovarian carcinoids: an immunohistochemical study of 81 primary carcinoids and of intraovarian metastases from six mid-gut carcinoids. 611 50

Immunocytochemical methods for light and electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the regulatory peptides present in the endocrine pancreas of the alligator, Alligator mississippienses. The peptides studied included insulin, glucagon (pancreatic and enteric), somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (avian, bovine and human), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, metenkephalin, beta-endorphin, C-terminal gastrin/CCK and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Endocrine cells were detected using antisera to insulin, pancreatic glucagon, somatostatin and avian pancreatic polypeptide, whereas peptidergic nerves were stained with antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. All other antisera were unreactive in the alligator pancreas. The peptide-containing structures were identified ultrastructurally by both the semithin/thin and immuno-gold methods. The results showed that five of the regulatory peptides commonly detected in the mammalian pancreas were immunologically recognisable in the alligator. In addition, the ultrastructural appearance of the peptide-containing cells was clearly distinct from that reported in mammals.
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PMID:The endocrine pancreas of Alligator mississippiensis. An immunocytochemical investigation. 612 17

A growth-hormone-releasing factor has been characterised and sequenced from a pancreatic tumour removed from a patient with acromegaly. It is a 40-residue linear peptide. Synthetic human pancreatic growth-hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF-40), 1 microgram/kg bodyweight, was administered as an intravenous bolus to six healthy men. hpGRF-40 selectively stimulated growth-hormone secretion. Serum growth-hormone concentrations were increased within 5 min, reaching a peak between 30 and 60 min (20 . 4 +/- 6 . 5 ng/ml compared with 2 . 1 +/- 0 . 1 ng/ml after placebo). Serum levels of prolactin, thyrotropin, luteinising hormone, and corticotropin (measured indirectly through plasma cortisol) were not increased after administration of hpGRF-40. Similarly, the concentrations of blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, cholecystokinin, gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin, and somatostatin were unaffected by hpGRF-40. There were no changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, or body temperature, and no side-effects were noted. The characteristics of this peptide fulfil many of the criteria required of the hypophysiotropic growth-hormone-releasing hormone. hpGRF holds promise for a new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders of growth-hormone secretion.
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PMID:Human pancreatic growth-hormone-releasing factor selectively stimulates growth-hormone secretion in man. 612 70

In the brain of adult specimens of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L), cells immunoreactive for several kinds of neuropeptides were localized by means of the PAP procedure, by use of antisera raised against mammalian hormones or hormonal peptides. In contrast, no such neurosecretory cells were found in the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata (CC/CA); in the CC/CA, however, immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed, reaching these organs from the brain. The neurosecretory cells found in the brain were immunoreactive with at least one of the following mammalian antisera, namely those raised against the insulin B-chain, somatostatin, glucagon C-terminal, glucagon N-terminal, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), gastrin C-terminus, enkephalin, alpha- and beta-endorphin, Substance P, and calcitonin. No cells were immunoreactive with antisera specific for detecting neurons containing the insulin A-chain, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin connecting peptide (C-peptide), polypeptide YY (PYY), gastrin mid-portion (sequence 6-13), cholecystokinin (CCK) mid-portion (sequences 9-20 and 9-25), neurotensin C-terminus, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, or serotonin. All the neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells observed emitted nerve fibers passing through the brain to the CC and in some cases also to the CA. In CC these immunoreactive nerve fibers tended to accumulate near the aorta. It was speculated that neuropeptides are released into the circulating haemolymph and act as neurohormones.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical investigations of neuropeptides in the brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata of an adult lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta (L). 613 31


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