Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antigenic activity and mobility of bovine pituitary hormones; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH) were studied with the aid of agar gel diffusion and electrophoresis. MSH and ACTH were the only hormones not demonstrating antigenicity. Tests by electrophoresis showed "gamma" mobility of the pituitary hormones exhibiting antigenic activity. The observation of antigenic determinants exhibiting identity with immunoglobulins suggests that the bovine pituitary gland houses immunoglobulin molecule and the various pituitary hormones.
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PMID:Antigenic activity and mobility of bovine pituitary hormones. 7 63

Systematic pituitary evaluation was performed in four patients suspected of having Sheehan's syndrome. A sequential pituitary stimulation test, consisting of insulin-induced hypoglycemia followed by stimulation of gonadotropin-(GnRH) and thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), a metyrapone test, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, was performed. All four patients failed to develop a normal increase in serum growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin (PRL) following insulin-induced hypoglycemia. All patients demonstrated a blunted PRL, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone response to the combination of GnRH and TRH. Although thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response was impaired in all patients, two patients had normal T3 resin uptake and thyroxine, demonstrating minimal TSH reserve maintaining normal baseline free thyroxine index. Metyrapone administration was followed by no increase in 11-deoxycortisol or 17-ketogenic steroids, thereby adding no additional information to the hypoglycemia stimulation. ACTH infusion revealed normal adrenal cortisol response. In conclusion, in patients with suspected postpartum hypopituitarism, a complete pituitary function investigation can be done in a short time by using the described pituitary sequential stimulation test.
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PMID:Diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome using a sequential pituitary stimulation test. 21 51

The effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosurea (BCNU) and cyclophosphamide on plasma levels of corticosterone, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were investigated. All the three drugs produce a remarkable adrenocortical activation but the duration of this effect is different. Hypophysectomized rats do not show any increase of plasma corticosterone levels in response to the considered antineoplastic agents. This may be indicative of an action mediated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The same drugs caused a significant fall of plasma TSH. Also the duration of this effect was different for the three compounds. No relevant modifications of plasma prolactin were observed.
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PMID:Effects of some antineoplastic agents on plasma levels of corticosterone, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone. 60 26

The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), corticosterone, testosterone and insulin in serum were measured at 1, 12, 48 and 120 h after partial hepatectomy (PH) or sham operation in rats. After PH the level of ACTH and corticosterone was significantly elevated while that of TSH, T4 and testosterone was decreased and returned to the values found in sham operated animals within 5 days. The level of T3 was unchanged. These results show an increase in the function of pituitary-adrenal axis and a decrease in that of pituitary-thyroid axis shortly following PH with the tendency to return to normal function within five days.
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PMID:Partial hepatectomy alters serum hormone levels in rats. 166 79

Circulating osteocalcin (OC) and cortisol levels were measured in blood samples from 93 patients with dissaminated prostate cancer. Among these subjects 79 had not responded to therapy, while 14 had responded to a variety of anticancer treatment strategies (orchiectomy, cyproterone acetate (CPA), flutamide, Buserelin, diethylstilbestrol (DES), Estracyt, and polyestradiol phosphate). The control group consisted of 19 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. In the majority of these patients blood adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), estradiol human growth hormone (hGH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were also assessed. In nonresponders to therapy with DES and Estracyt subnormal circulating OC levels were measured, while normal OC values were found in nonresponders to other treatment strategies. In patient given Estracyt highly elevated estradiol levels were recorded. Subnormal and/or low-normal estradiol concentrations were found in patients subjected to CPA and DES. Elevated blood cortisol levels were assessed in subjects treated with DES and Estracyt while at the same time either subnormal and low-normal plasma ACTH concentrations were measured in these same patients. Accordingly, the decline observed in OC concentration seems to be a consequence of the well-established inhibitory effect of glucorticoids on osteoblast activity. The decline in blood cortisol levels obtained after administration of dexamethasone in patients given DES and Estracyt may be attributed both to possible changes in catabolic pathways and to the contribution of the negative neuroendocrinological feedback.
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PMID:Plasma osteocalcin values and related hormonal parameters in patients subjected to a variety of prostate anticancer agents. 185 47

Cold stress stimulates the release of both ACTH and TSH from the pituitary. More striking changes in ACTH content have been seen in the intermediate lobe after cold stress. Therefore, this study was designed to test responses of individual anterior lobe corticotropes to cold exposure. Male rats were exposed to either 30 min of cold (+3-5 C), 30 min of a novel, temperate environment (+24 C) or were unstressed (+24 C). Pituitaries were fixed and embedded in preparation for immunolabeling for ACTH or TSH-beta at the light (semithin sections) and electron microscopic levels. The semithin sections were used to measure areas of corticotropes and thyrotropes with Bioquant image analysis equipment. Separate groups of pituitaries were dissociated and the cells were cultured for 2 or 15 h. Then the cells were stimulated for 5-10 min with biotinylated analogs of corticotropin-releasing hormone (bio-CRH) or arginine vasopressin (bio-AVP) to detect the target cells cytochemically. A third group of dissociated cells were fixed for immunolabeling for ACTH, 16K fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin, beta-endorphin, or TSH-beta. Cold exposure resulted in a 1-4-fold increase in the levels of serum ACTH over that of unstressed rats. This was correlated with a 40% increase in the percentage of cells that contained 16K fragment and a 30-40% increase in percentages of cells storing ACTH or beta-endorphin. Cold stress also increased the percentage of cells that bound bio-CRH or bio-AVP by 45%. Analyses of semithin sections showed that areas of corticotropes increased by 21% following cold stress. The number of rows of immunolabeled (ACTH) secretion granules also increased in corticotropes from cold-stressed rats. Exposure to a novel environment for 30 min resulted in no significant increase in serum ACTH over that of unstressed rats. There was, however, a 20% increase in percentages of cells that stored 16K fragment, beta-endorphin, or target cells that bound bio-CRH. However, the corticotropes were not significantly larger. Many of the cells exhibited reduced numbers of immunolabeled secretory granules. Other corticotropes resembled those from cold-stressed rats. When TSH cells were studied, their percentages increased from 8 +/- 3% to 15.8 +/- 4% and their areas increased by 22% following exposure to cold. After exposure to a novel environment, percentages of cells that stored TSH-beta increased to 11 +/- 2%, however, no changes in areas of TSH cells were measured. These studies demonstrated that the anterior lobe corticotrope is clearly activated by exposure to both cold and novel environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytochemical studies of responses of corticotropes and thyrotropes to cold and novel environment stress. 216 13

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and the availability of L-tryptophan (L-TRP) to the brain were studied in their relationships to (1) 14 depressive symptoms measured by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R--Patient Version (SCID) and (2) the cluster-analytically generated vital/nonvital classes. The following biological parameters were measured in 100 depressed females: free thyroxine (FT4), baseline thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), predexamethasone and postdexamethasone cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values, the circulating levels of total L-TRP, and the L-TRP/sum of competing amino acids ratio. We found that the psychopathological correlates of disorders in the HPA/HPT axis and of a decreased availability of L-TRP were vital symptoms, i.e., distinct quality of mood, nonreactivity, early morning awakening, anorexia-weight loss, and psychomotor disorders. There was no significant relationship between those biological markers and the nonvital symptoms of the SCID inventory for depressive symptoms. However, we did not validate our SCID clustering in vital and nonvital classes by qualitative differences in the biological variables. It was concluded that our nonvital/vital clusters should be regarded as continuous categories with regard to the biological markers studied; these clusters constitute relevant stages in the continuum of progressing biological dysfunction.
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PMID:Clinical subtypes of unipolar depression: Part III. Quantitative differences in various biological markers between the cluster-analytically generated nonvital and vital depression classes. 217 96

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of opioid peptides and naloxone on the secretion of thyrotrophin (TSH), alpha subunit (alpha subunit) and beta thyrotrophin (TSH-beta) from rat pituitary dispersed cells in primary culture. Naloxone (NAL) 10(-5) M was found to increase basal TSH, alpha subunit and TSH-beta secretion. This effect of NAL was not blocked by human beta-endorphin (beta h-End) 10(-7) M. Concurrent treatment with triiodothyronine (T3) 10(-7) M significantly decreased NAL stimulated secretion of TSH and its subunits. Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation of secretion of TSH and its subunits was not further augmented by NAL. In contrast, 10(-7) M of beta h-End, methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) and D-ala2-met-enkephalinamide (DALA) had no effect on secretion of TSH and subunits. A time course study confirmed no change in TSH secretion following pre-treatment with beta h-End at 4, 10, 24 and 48 h. These findings go against a direct action of beta h-End, Met-Enk and DALA on TSH secretion. The response of TSH and its subunits to NAL and the lack of interaction with beta h-End might be explained by the existence of different types of opiate receptors. Counteraction of this effect by T3 suggests other possible mechanisms.
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PMID:Role of naloxone and opioid peptides on thyrotrophin, alpha subunit and beta thyrotrophin by dispersed rat pituitary cells. 241 79

In order to establish the extent of neuroendocrine differentiation and the occurrence of neurohormonal peptides in the neoplastic cells of prostatic carcinomas, silver-staining and immunocytochemical techniques were used. All gave satisfactory results. The incidence of the neuroendocrine cells seemed to be higher in the fresh "Bouin-fixed" biopsy specimens than in the conventionally "formalin-fixed" specimens from archival paraffin blocks. All carcinomas demonstrated argyrophil cells as an integral element of the tumour. In highly differentiated carcinomas (grade I) these cells were scattered focally, intermingled with non-argyrophil cells in typical adenocarcinomas; their incidence was estimated to be about the same as in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Most of them were immunoreactive with antisera raised against serotonin and/or TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). In moderately and poorly differentiated (grades II-III) carcinomas, however, the argyrophil cells were more numerous and showed greater variation in growth pattern; only occasionally they displayed a typical carcinoid-like structure. Moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas also showed a greater variation in the number and kinds of peptide immunoreactivities than the highly differentiated carcinomas. In addition to serotonin- and TSH-immunoreactive cells as the most prevalent type, now also human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG-alpha), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), leu-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, somatostatin, glucagon and calcitonin immunoreactive cells could be found within certain tumour areas and often with a distinctly patchy distribution. In two cases, where the tumour cells in the metastases were also investigated, they were found to be both argyrophil and immunoreactive with the same antisera as those of the primary tumour. Our findings emphasise the fact that prostatic carcinomas are more complex and heterogenous than previously thought, exhibiting endocrine differentiation as an integral element of virtually all prostatic adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Peptide-hormone- and serotonin-immunoreactive tumour cells in carcinoma of the prostate. 244 32

To evaluate the change of the neurotransmitter function in migraine, a neuroendocrinological study was performed in eleven female migraineurs and nine female controls. Thyrotropin releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and insulin were simultaneously loaded (the Triple test). Before and after loading, serum glucose, prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, human growth hormone and beta-endorphin were measured. The Triple test produced an increase of PRL in both migraine and control groups, but in migraineurs the increase was significantly larger than in controls. TSH also increased in response to the test, but the TSH response in patients was less than in controls, although not significantly so. The responses of other substances showed no significant differences between the two groups. Although dopaminergic hypofunction in migraine has been proposed by some authors, the present findings rather suggest a serotonergic hyperfunction.
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PMID:A neuroendocrinological study in female migraineurs: prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone responses. 250 60


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