Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The homogeneous nature of the rat intermediate pituitary makes it a powerful model system in which to study peptide hormone secretion. Adult male rats were treated with bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, or haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist, for 3 weeks. In cDNA libraries prepared from the neurointermediate pituitaries of these rats, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression exhibited the expected decrease in response to bromocriptine, and increase in response to haloperidol. We report the identification of six transcripts that are coregulated with POMC in the intermediate pituitary by these dopaminergic agents. In addition to demonstrating parallel dopamine-regulated expression of carboxy-peptidase E, chromogranin B, binding protein/glucose-regulated protein, and tenascin, two novel regulated transcripts are described. The expression of one of these novel transcripts, RESP18, is limited to neural and endocrine tissue. The RESP18 transcript is approximately 800 nucleotides in length; its cognate translation product is 20 +/- 1 kDa, contains a putative signal sequence, and has many characteristics of a secreted protein. Cell-free translation experiments in the presence of microsomal membranes demonstrate that the 20 +/- 1-kDa RESP18 protein is cleaved to an 18 +/- 1-kDa protein and sequestered within the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Tissue in situ hybridization analysis shows that RESP18 mRNA is highly expressed in both the intermediate and anterior pituitary, as well as in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus.
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PMID:RESP18, a novel endocrine secretory protein transcript, and four other transcripts are regulated in parallel with pro-opiomelanocortin in melanotropes. 813 49

1. Hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) acts as a gaseous cellular messenger and has recently been reported to induce a suspended animation-like state in mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of H(2)S exposure in stress gastric ulcer. 2. In the present study, we used a rat model of water immersion and restraint stress (WRS) to induce the typical stress disease, namely stress gastric ulcer. Rats were treated with WRS for 4 h, with or without pre-exposure to H(2)S (160 p.p.m. H(2)S for 2.5 h). 3. In H(2)S-exposed rats, body temperature was significantly reduced by 2.5C (P < 0.01) and oxygen consumption was reduced by 37.1% (P < 0.01) compared with control rats. Plasma levels of H(2)S were increased by 20.8% (P < 0.01) following pre-exposure. Pre-exposure to H(2)S significantly reduced the gastric ulcer index, from 24 +/- 9 to 9 +/- 2 (P < 0.01), in WRS rats. In addition, WRS increased plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone 4.7- and 4.8-fold, respectively (both P < 0.01). Pre-exposure to H(2)S markedly suppressed plasma ACTH and corticosterone level by 34.4 and 53.2%, respectively (both P < 0.01), and reduced WRS-elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by 19%. In the present study, WRS increased gastric malondialdehyde and conjugated diene content by 42 and 68%, respectively (both P < 0.01), and H(2)S exposure reduced lipid peroxide production. Finally, H(2)S exposure inhibited the WRS-elevated expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 and caspase 12, markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. 4. In conclusion, a low concentration of H(2)S may be a new pharmacological tool for induced hypothermia to prevent severe stress-induced diseases and multifarious trauma in the clinical setting.
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PMID:Hydrogen sulphide-induced hypothermia attenuates stress-related ulceration in rats. 1794 93

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is critical to mediating the body's response to stress. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) plays a central role in controlling the stress response and regulating the HPA axis. Recent findings support CRH participates in the stress-induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Our present study demonstrates that CRH can independently decrease hippocampal neuron cell viability in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) is involved in CRH-induced neuron apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response marker, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), either protein or mRNA, is significantly elevated after treatment of CRH, and decreased when co-treated with salubrinal, ER stress inhibitor. The ER stress associated proapoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleavage of caspase-12 protein expression are also increased following CRH treatment. Furthermore, we investigate which ER stress cascades are affected by CRH. CRH activates inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), and c-jun kinase (JNK). Neuron apoptotic rate, examined by flow cytometry, is increased when CRH treatment and attenuated by salubrinal, thioredoxin (ASK1 inhibitor) and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor). Therefore, current data indicate that ER stress, through activating the IRE1/ASK1/JNK cascade, plays an important role in CRH-induced neuron apoptosis.
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PMID:Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to CRH-induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis. 2228 33

Maternal obesity has been shown to increase the risk of obesity and related disorders in the offspring, which has been partially attributed to changes of appetite regulators in the offspring hypothalamus. On the other hand, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy have been implicated in hypothalamic neuropeptide dysregulation, thus may also play important roles in such transgenerational effect. In this study, we show that offspring born to high-fat diet-fed dams showed significantly increased body weight and glucose intolerance, adiposity and plasma triglyceride level at weaning. Hypothalamic mRNA level of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) was increased, while the levels of the anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), NPY1 receptor (NPY1R) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) were significantly downregulated. In association, the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) markers including glucose-regulated protein (GRP)94 and endoplasmic reticulum DNA J domain-containing protein (Erdj)4 was reduced. By contrast, protein levels of autophagy-related genes Atg5 and Atg7, as well as mitophagy marker Parkin, were slightly increased. The administration of 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA), a chemical chaperone of protein folding and UPR activator, in the offspring from postnatal day 4 significantly reduced their body weight, fat deposition, which were in association with increased activating transcription factor (ATF)4, immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) and Erdj4 mRNA as well as reduced Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK)1 and dynamin-related protein (Drp)1 protein expression levels. These results suggest that hypothalamic ER stress and mitophagy are among the regulatory factors of offspring metabolic changes due to maternal obesity.
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PMID:Maternal high-fat diet induces metabolic stress response disorders in offspring hypothalamus. 2850 Feb 49