Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have clearly demonstrated corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) immunoreactive cell bodies and nerve fibers in the human hypothalamus by immunocytochemistry using free-floating sections instead of paraffin-embedded sections. Human hypothalami were obtained at autopsy, fixed and cryostat-sectioned at 40 microns. Free-floating sections were immunostained with antibody to CRH using the Vector ABC system. Most of CRH immunoreactive nerve fibers from the paraventricular nucleus pass under the fornix, while some CRH immunoreactive nerve fibers pass beyond the fornix and some through the fornix. Then the CRH immunoreactive nerve fibers run downward, medially to the supraoptic nucleus and toward the pituitary stalk. This method of immunocytochemistry is a very sensitive and suitable means for immunocytochemical studies of neuropeptides in the human brain.
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PMID:Corticotropin-releasing hormone in the human hypothalamus. Free-floating immunostaining method. 267 51

A mouse anterior pituitary tumor cell line (AtT-20) that secretes adrenocorticotropin and beta endorphin sorts the proteins it transports to the surface into two exocytotic pathways. AtT-20 cells also synthesize a secretory granule-specific sulfated molecule and secrete it on stimulation (Moore, H.-P., B. Gumbiner, and R. B. Kelly, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:810-817). We show here that this molecule is sensitive to proteolysis and that the residual sulfated material co-migrates with a chondroitin sulfate standard on thin-layer electrophoresis. Furthermore, this sulfated molecule is completely sensitive to chondroitinase ABC digestion. Thus the secretory granule-specific sulfated molecule is a proteoglycan with chondroitin sulfate side chains. We examined the role of proteoglycans in the sorting and secretion of adrenocorticotropin in AtT-20 cells by severely decreasing the amount of this vesicle-specific proteoglycan in two ways. First, a xyloside was used to inhibit proteoglycan biosynthesis; second, a variant of the AtT-20 cell line was isolated that synthesized little of the sulfated proteoglycan. In neither case was the sorting or secretion of adrenocorticotropin detectably altered, suggesting that the proteoglycan is not required for these processes.
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PMID:Sorting and secretion of adrenocorticotropin in a pituitary tumor cell line after perturbation of the level of a secretory granule-specific proteoglycan. 609 92

The cross-immunoreactivity, topography, and fiber projections of the alpha MSH-immunoreactive specific neurons in the forebrain of the rat appear to be distinctly different from that of the neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate opiocortin system. The cell bodies, immunoreactive only to alpha-MSH, have a specific pattern of distribution in the dorsal and lateral hypothalamic regions from the level of the retrochiasmatic region to the premammillary area of the posterior hypothalamus. Immunoreactive fibers of these cells appear to extend into regions of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. An antomical relationship between the immunostained fibers and/or terminals of the arcuate opiocortin pool of neurons and the alpha-MSH-immunoreactive perikarya is described utilizing the ABC (Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex) and ABC-GO (Glucose Oxidase) or glucose oxidase-antiglucose oxidase complex methods of immunocytochemistry in which two tissue antigens with contrasting colors are demonstrated in the same tissue section.
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PMID:Relationship of alpha MSH-specific neurons to the arcuate opiocortin neuronal system as determined by dual antigen immunocytochemical procedures. 609 60

An immunocytochemical investigation with both B-SA and ABC methods, under LM and EM, was carried out on Stylonychia mytilus by using 7 antisera to vertebrate neuropeptides, hormones and TH. The immunotests showed the presence of substance p-, neuropeptide y-, cck-8-, somatostatin-, beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone-, and TH-like immunoreactive molecules in Stylonychia mytilus. The distributions of these immunoreactive substances in Stylonychia mytilus were described.
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PMID:[An immunocytochemical study of neuropeptide-like in a ciliated protozoan, Stylonychia mytilus]. 751 5

The effect of aconitine on the content of corticotropin-Releasing-Hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus of the normal rat injected with aconitine intraperitoneally was studied by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA). Aconitine is the main effective component of Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata, the representative traditional Chinese herbal medicine of Warm-Supplementing Kidney-Yang (WSKY). Results showed that the content of hypothalamic CRH menifested a dosedependent increase after 7 days intraperitoneal injection of aconitine (1 microgram/kg, 3 micrograms/kg and 10 micrograms/kg). The CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and the neural fibers of median eminence also demonstrated increases in number and enrichment in gray tone as observed by immunohistochemical method of ABC. These results suggested that one of the possible mechanism of the WSKY drugs in improving the HPA axis might be exciting the hypothalamic CRH neurons.
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PMID:[Effect of aconitine on content of corticotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamus of rats]. 977 3

The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of exogenously administered melatonin on the intensity of beta-endorphin (beta-Ep) immunoreactivity of the neuron in the arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus with an aim to explore the possible mechanisms of the analgesic effect of melatonin. The experimental rats were divided into two groups, one injected intraperitoneally with melatonin (110 mg/kg) and the other with only a vehicle. One hour after injection, the brain was processed for coronal sections, which were stained with immunohistochemical ABC technique. The integral optical density (IOD) and mean optical density (OD) of the stained sections were measured with a computer-assisted image-processing and analytical system. beta-Ep immunoreactivity was much decreased in the sections treated with melatonin and the IOD and OD were also decreased significantly (P<0.01; P<0.05). The above results suggest that melatonin may result in a decrease of beta-Ep content in the arcuate nucleus, as a result of increased beta-Ep release induced by administration of melatonin. It is likely that the analgesic effect of melatonin may be in part mediated by the release of beta-endorphin from the arcuate nucleus.
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PMID:Melatonin attenuates the intensity of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus. 1195 78

The occurrence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in the chromaffin cells of Podarcis sicula adrenal gland was demonstrated by immunocytochemical techniques: ABC and immunogold methods. At LM and EM levels, antiserum against 5-HT revealed serotonin immunoreactivity prevalently in noradrenalin (NA) cells, on and around secretory vesicles; adrenalin (A) cells appeared scarcely stained. The role of serotonin in the regulation of adrenal gland activity was studied in vivo using LM and EM techniques coupled to a specific radioimmunoassay for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. 5-HT (0.7 mg/100 g body wt)/day for 4 days increased ACTH and corticosterone release; at LM and EM level clear signs of stimulation in the steroidogenic tissue were observed, as evidenced by the variations of lipid/cytoplasm ratio. In the chromaffin tissue, LM observations evidenced a variation of the numeric NA/A cell ratio; at EM level, chromaffin tissue showed intermediate cells with A, NA, and very clear granules with granular elements. The occurrence of these cells might be the result of a process of resynthesis following serotonin-stimulated catecholamine release. These data suggested that serotonin might be involved in the modulation of Podarcis pituitary-adrenal axis, and act as a paracrine factor to modulate corticosteroid production.
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PMID:Localization and role of serotonin in the adrenal gland of Podarcis sicula (Reptilia, Lacertidae). 1276 45

The occurrence of substance P (SP) immunoreactivity was investigated in the adrenal gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula by ABC immunocytochemical technique: SP-immunoreactivity was present in both adrenaline and noradrenaline cells, in ganglion cells and nerve fibers in the connective capsule surrounding the gland. The involvement of substance P in the modulation of pituitary-interrenal axis was studied in vivo by intraperitoneal injections of SP. The effects were estimated by means of the morphological and morphometrical features of the tissues, as well as the plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline. Substance P (0.07 mg/100 g body wt) decreased ACTH plasma levels and raised corticosterone release from steroidogenic tissue, that showed clear signs of stimulation. In the chromaffin tissue, the decrease in the number of noradrenaline cells, and the increase in the number of adrenaline cells, lowered numeric noradrenaline/adrenaline cell ratio. Moreover, an increase in adrenaline plasma level and a decrease in noradrenaline plasma level were found. The results suggest that (1) also in Reptiles as in other Vertebrates, SP may affect pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and (2) the chromaffin cells may be involved in the paracrine control of steroidogenic activity.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the adrenal gland of Podarcis sicula (Reptilia, Lacertidae): evidence for its involvement in the modulation of adrenal activity. 1463 29

The purpose of this report is to explore the mechanisms of hypercapnia-induced antinociception. We carried out three experiments, the first to confirm whether moderate hypercapnia induces anesthetic effects, the second to determine whether naloxone reverses the anesthetic effects, and the third to evaluate whether beta-endorphin is related to the anesthetic effects. In a pre-test, we determined the optimal CO(2) concentration in a chamber which would cause moderate hypercapnia in rats. Eighteen rats were divided into control, hypercapnia, and hypercapnia plus naloxone groups in experiment 1. The naloxone group rats were injected with naloxone (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally before gas inhalation. After 60 min gas inhalation, 10% formalin was injected into the left rear paw of all rats, and nociceptive behaviors were observed for 1 h. In experiment 2, 11 rats were divided into control and hypercapnia groups. The brain was removed and fixed under pentobarbital anesthesia. Sections were immunostained for c-Fos and beta-endorphin (ACTH) with the ABC method. All neurons double-labeled for c-Fos and beta-endorphin (ACTH) in the arcuate nucleus were counted by blinded investigators. Moderate hypercapnia (PaCO(2) 83+/-7 mmHg) reduced nociceptive behavior in the formalin test and naloxone pre-treatment attenuated this phenomenon. However, beta-endorphin-producing neurons were not activated by CO(2) inhalation. Endogenous opioids are related to moderate, hypercapnia-induced anesthetic effects, but, beta-endorphin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus were not activated by the CO(2) inhalation stress.
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PMID:Moderate hypercapnia-induced anesthetic effects and endogenous opioids. 1670 47