Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We employed a highly sensitive combination method of retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry to identify an alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-containing fiber pathway from zona incerta to cerebral cortex. Biotin-horseradish peroxidase injected into the parietal cortex of the rat labeled a number of neurons in the zona incerta bilaterally, and simultaneous staining with an alpha-MSH antiserum revealed that a part of these neurons are alpha-MSHergic.
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PMID:Bilateral alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormonergic fiber system from zona incerta to cerebral cortex: combined retrograde axonal transport and immunohistochemical study. 638 19

The axonal projections of cell groups containing the most dense collections of steroid hormone concentrating cells have been demonstrated with retrograde neuroanatomical tracing methods. Horseradish peroxidase revealed large numbers of neurons in ventrolateral ventromedial nucleus (VL-VM) which project to dorsal midbrain. Wheat germ agglutinin (immunocytochemical recognition method) revealed large numbers of neurons in medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and particular subdivisions of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) that project to dorsal caudal medulla or spinal cord. Fluorescent dyes revealed that many preoptic area (POA), anterior hypothalamic (AHA), and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) neurons project to ventral tegmental area of Tsai (VTA). Also many neurons in POA and BNST project to amygdala. A method which enabled simultaneous demonstration of the steroid binding capacity and axonal projections of neurons in the same tissue section revealed that 26-36% estradiol (E2) concentrating cells in VL-VM project to dorsal midbrain. E2 concentrating neurons in POA and BNST project to amygdala and E2 concentrating POA neurons project to VTA. These neurons, which send their axons to cell groups located in different brain regions, are probably under the genomic-regulatory influence of E2. Using a method which allows simultaneous demonstration of peptide content and steroid hormone concentrating capacity of cells, many oxytocin-neurophysin and vasopressin-neurophysin containing magnocellular neurons in the caudal PVN were found to concentrate E2. About 4% of the beta-endorphin and about 6% of the dynorphin containing neurons in the MBH concentrate E2. In contrast, virtually none (less than 0.2%) of the LHRH containing hypothalamic neurons concentrate E2.
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PMID:Axonal projections and peptide content of steroid hormone concentrating neurons. 638 52

An ultrastructural analysis of the dorso-intermediate (CDIZ) and dorso-median zones (CDMZ) at the caudal end of the interpeduncular nucleus was undertaken. Serial vibratome sections were stained for met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity by using the indirect antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of Sternberger, and ultrathin sections were examined electron microscopically. Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was observed in two different types of somata in the two regions. The dendritic architecture of the dorso-intermediate zone was characterized by the presence of many dendritic crests. A large number of these dendritic crests were immunostained for met-enkephalin. A variety of terminals was also seen in the CDIZ and CDMZ and they are categorized according to their vesicular morphology into three classes. One class contained mainly clear round vesicles. The met-enkephalin-like immunoreactive (MELI) terminal profiles in both regions were of this class and contained small round vesicles which were less than 35 nm in diameter. These MELI terminals appeared in significant numbers, sometimes in close proximity to unlabeled somata and dendrites. The dorso-median zone had, in addition, two more classes of terminals. One class was characterized by a large number of dense-cored vesicles--class II, and the other group had a large proportion of flat clear vesicles--class III. The possible neurochemical identities of some of the unlabeled terminals in relation to the MELI dendritic structures are discussed in the light of known neurochemically established afferent projections to the CDIZ and CDMZ of the interpeduncular nucleus.
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PMID:The ultrastructure and organization of methionine-enkephalin immunoreactive profiles in the interpeduncular nucleus of the cat. 638 99

The distribution of immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSHI) in the rat lower brain stem was examined by indirect immunofluorescence or peroxidase- anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical method using an antiserum against synthetic alpha-MSH. The results confirmed the presence of alpha-MSHI fibers in the midbrain central gray matter and parabrachial area, and demonstrated a much more extensive distribution of these fibers in various parts of the lower brain stem areas previously thought not contain alpha-MSHI fibers. In addition, the commissural nucleus was identified as a new alpha-MSHI neurons-containing site. No alpha-MSHI neurons were seen in other regions of the rat lower brain stem.
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PMID:The distribution of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the central nervous system of the rat: an immunohistochemical study. II. Lower brain stem. 638 47

The endocrine function of the hypophysial pars tuberalis is currently unknown. Recent immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies have shown the presence of gonadotropin-producing cells in this tissue in intact rats. Because the pars tuberalis is not destroyed by hypophysectomy, the objective of the present study was to determine whether this gland is activated to produce pituitary hormones following hypophysectomy. Hormone-producing cells were identified by the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of immunocytochemistry using primary antisera generated against the following hormones: LH, FSH, TSH, GH, PRL, ACTH, and beta-endorphin. In intact control rats, the only cell types detected in the pars tuberalis were gonadotropes and thyrotropes. Most gonadotropes contained both LH and FSH. The TSH cells were a separate cell population, and constituted the majority of pars tuberalis parenchymal cells. As early as 1 week after hypophysectomy, a hyperplastic and hypertrophic response was noted in the gonadotropes, and both cell types showed cytological features characteristic of enhanced hormonal synthesis and secretion. These responses increased with time post hypophysectomy. Secretory cell types not present in the pars tuberalis before hypophysectomy, i.e. somatotropes, mammotropes, opiocorticotrophes, were not activated or induced to differentiate after hypophysectomy. Based on these immunocytochemical observations, the hypophysectomized rat cannot be viewed as an animal totally devoid of anterior pituitary hormones. It has the capacity, or at least the potential, for secretion of LH, FSH, and TSH.
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PMID:Hormone production in the hypophysial pars tuberalis of intact and hypophysectomized rats. 640 Dec 46

A pituitary mass was found at necropsy of a male Macaca mulatta. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were consistent with a chromophobe adenoma. Ultrastructural examination revealed the tumor to be comprised predominantly of sparsely granulated cells. The tumor cells were negative for prolactin, somatotropin, adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, and thyrotropin by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method. Other major lesions were gynecomastia and galactorrhea, testicular atrophy, ankylosing spondylitis, and amyloid deposition in the liver, spleen, adrenal, and intestinal tract.
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PMID:A sparsely granulated, nonsecreting adenoma of the pars intermedia associated with galactorrhea in a male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). 668 94

The ascending connections from the brainstem to the dorsal division of the lateral geniculate nucleus were examined using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Labelled cells were identified in a variety of structures, including the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), the posterior pretectal nucleus (NPP), the superior colliculus (SC), the parabigeminal nucleus (PBN), the midbrain reticular formation (MRF), locus coeruleus and nucleus sub-coeruleus, the substantia nigra (SN), and parts of the raphe complex. The projections from NOT, NPP, MRF, LC and PBN were all bilateral in origin. The most intense labelling was observed in the nucleus of the optic tract and the superior colliculus. Colliculo-geniculate cells were located primarily in the superficial gray (lamina II1 and II2 of Kaneseki and Sprague (1974), but sparse labelling was also observed in lamina II3 and in statum opticum (lamina III). Consistent with the report of Harrell et al. (1982), these cells represent a morphologically diverse population, which includes stellate cells, granule cells, and both vertical and horizontal fusiform cells. A similarly diverse population of cell types contributes to the geniculate projection arising from NOT. These results confirm and extend earlier descriptions of the brainstem projections to the cat LGNd, and serve to emphasize the diversity of brainstem influences over the geniculate.
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PMID:Brainstem afferents to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. 672 45

The digestive tract of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum was investigated with regard to occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells. By the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, cells in the gut epithelium reacting with antisera against 8 different mammalian polypeptide hormones were localized. Positive reactions were obtained with antisera against the four mammalian islet hormones (insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin) and against secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pentagastrin and neurotensin. No immunoreactivity was found with antisera members of the lipotropin family (ACTH, met-enkephalin, alpha-endorphin), against big-gastrin, cholecystokinin, substance P and motilin. The exact mapping of the different polypeptide immunoreactive cells throughout the digestive tract of Branchiostoma lanceolatum is presented.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of polypeptide hormones in endocrine cells of the digestive tract of Branchiostoma lanceolatum. 702 87

The distribution of Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the brains of 2-week-old domestic chicks was studied with immunohistofluorescence and the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, using antibodies to Met-enkephalin generated in rabbits. Immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon in areas as yet uncharacterized as discrete nuclei in birds (E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5); further cells were located in the diencephalic nucleus spiriformis lateralis, the midbrain medial intercollicular nucleus (E-6), the nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and dorsal occulomotor nucleus; and in the nucleus of cranial nerve X and an uncharacterized area in the dorsolateral medulla (E-7). Immunoreactive fibers and/or terminals were located around the immunoreactive cell bodies and, in addition in the lateral septal area of the telencephalon; in the preoptic and hypothalamic areas of the diencephalon; in the anterior intercollicular area, periaqueductal central gray, area C, and the midventral tegmentum of the mesencephalon; in the nucleus solitarius, nucleus IX-X, nucleus intercalatus, nucleus intermedius, and ventrolateral areas of the rhombencephalon. The pattern of distribution of met-enkephalin in the chick is compared with that in the rat. A possible functional role for Met-enkephalin in neural mechanisms mediating some behaviors of the chick is suggested.
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PMID:Distribution of methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity in the chick brain: an immunohistochemical study. 702 29

There is general agreement that postoperative radiation therapy is beneficial for patients with subtotally resected pituitary adenomas. We have identified 41 such patients treated during a 20-year period who received postoperative irradiation for a pituitary adenoma. The usual dose was 5040 cGy in 28 fractions. The mean follow-up time was 10.3 years. On routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, there were thirty-three chromophobe, seven eosinophilic, and one basophilic adenoma. Tissue blocks were stained for growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and/or adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Routine H&E staining was a poor predictor of the IHC stain. While most patients with a known clinical endocrine syndrome stained positive on IHC for the suspected offending hormone, many patients without a clinical syndrome also stained positive indicating the presence of hormonally occult adenomas in this locally invasive group. The IHC stain results were compared to clinical outcome. The presence of positive GH IHC staining decreased the 15-year progression-free survival (PFS) from 100% to 64% compared to GH negative adenomas (p = 0.06). There was a trend toward decreased 15-year PFS in patients who did not stain for LH. Positive staining for prolactin, ACTH, or TSH had no influence on the progression-free survival. We conclude that additional prognostic information can be obtained in this subset of patients (by performing IHC analysis) that is not known by the clinical presentation or appearance on H&E stain.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry as a predictor of clinical outcome in patients given postoperative radiation for subtotally resected pituitary adenomas. 750 78


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