Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Labyrinthine stimulation and cold pain inhibit feeding antral pressure activity, delay gastric emptying, and increase blood concentrations of beta-endorphin and norepinephrine. Further, labyrinthine stimulation induces, in approximately one-third of healthy individuals, a migrating burst of motor activity in the proximal intestine that interrupts the normal fed pattern. Our hypothesis was that endogenous opiates and catecholamines act as mediators of such disruptive effects of centrally acting stressful stimuli on gut motility. Thus, we studied feeding gastrointestinal pressure activity in healthy volunteers who were exposed to labyrinthine stimulation or cold pressure test, or both (both stimuli being either in their active or in their control forms), while receiving an intravenous infusion of either placebo (saline), or an opioid blocker (naloxone), or a combination of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers (phentolamine and propranolol), or all the drugs together. Neither opioid nor adrenergic blockers affected motility during control stimulations. Active stressful stimuli (labyrinthine stimulation, cold pain, or both) significantly inhibited antral feeding activity (p less than 0.05), but these effects were prevented by concomitant infusion of naloxone (p less than 0.05). Adrenergic blockade also prevented the antral motor inhibition caused by stress (p less than 0.05), but it was more effective for cold pain than for labyrinthine stimulation, and, when performed concomitantly with opiate blockade, the preventive effects disappeared. Furthermore, during adrenergic blockade labyrinthine stimulation invariably induced the appearance of a migrating duodenal burst of motor activity. Neither opioid nor adrenergic blockers modified the stress-induced rise of plasma beta-endorphin and norepinephrine. Our results suggest that opioids and catecholamines are involved in the mediation of the disruptive effects induced by centrally acting stressful stimuli on postprandial motor activity in the proximal human gut.
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PMID:Effect of opiate and adrenergic blockers on the gut motor response to centrally acting stimuli. 609 Feb 58

An endocrine pancreatic tumour that had not caused any endocrine symptoms was examined by histological, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic techniques. The majority of the tumour cells were argentaffin and contained secretory granules of the enterochromaffin cell type. Immunocytochemically a minority of tumour cells reacted to antisera against beta-endorphin, met- and leu-enkephalin, gastrin, somatostatin and ACTH. The tumour was thus multihormonal, and appeared to be more closely related to the classic Carcinoid tumours of the mid-gut than to most pancreatic endocrine tumours.
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PMID:Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy of an argentaffin endocrine tumour of the pancreas. 611 99

Eighty-one primary ovarian carcinoids and intraovarian metastases from six mid-gut carcinoids were examined for the presence of tumor cells immunoreactive with antisera raised against various neurohormonal peptides, mostly of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) origin. Twenty of the primary and two of the metastatic carcinoids contained such tumor cells. The incidence of tumors with any kind of neurohormonal peptide immunoreactive tumor cells was 53% in the trabecular carcinoids, and 42% in the strumal carcinoids, whereas the incidence was much lower (7%) in the insular type. Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, enkephalin, and somatostatin were those neurohormonal peptides most commonly observed in the tumor cells of the primary carcinoids. Those less commonly found were substance P, calcitonin, VIP, neurotensin, beta-endorphin, and ACTH. Four metastatic carcinoids were nonreactive with all the antisera used. Cells storing immunoreactive insulin, glucagon, PP, VIP, gastrin, substance P, or enkephalin were found in one of the two remaining metastatic carcinoids; in the other only gastrin-immunoreactive tumor cells were observed. The occurrence and distribution of tumor cells storing the neurohormonal peptides in ovarian carcinoids are discussed in relation to their possible origin in the ovary and to carcinoids in the gut.
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PMID:Neurohormonal peptides in ovarian carcinoids: an immunohistochemical study of 81 primary carcinoids and of intraovarian metastases from six mid-gut carcinoids. 611 50

The gastrointestinal tract of the alligator Alligator mississipiensis has been investigated for the presence of immunoreactivity to fourteen regulatory peptides all known to occur in the mammalian gut system. Mucosal endocrine cells reacting specifically with the antisera to neurotensin, C-terminal gastrin, somatostatin, bombesin, secretin, pancreatic glucagon and enteroglucagon were detectable, the distribution of these cells being, in general, similar to the mammalian pattern. Peripheral nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres were detected with the antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, bombesin and somatostatin again with a distribution similar to that seen in mammals. No immunoreactivity was observed with the available antisera to glicentin, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gastrin 34, cholecystokinin 9-20 and met-enkephalin.
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PMID:Regulatory peptides in the gastrointestinal tract of Alligator mississipiensis. An immunocytochemical study. 613 28

The presence of met- and leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactive materials in nerve, gut, seminal vesicle and body wall tissues of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris has been demonstrated by means of radioimmunoassay technique. The greatest activity of met- and leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in earthworm gut appears in regions of high digestive enzyme activity and gastrin-like immunoreactivity where it presumably plays a role in regulation of gut function. In all tissues studied the levels of met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were higher than that of leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. Dual localization of met- and leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in earthworm gut and nerve tissues follows the pattern observed of peptide hormones in vertebrates which are common to both endocrine and non-endocrine tissues.
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PMID:Immunochemical evidence for met-enkephalin-like and leu-enkephalin-like peptides in tissues of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. 614 41

A total of 87 surgical cases of gastric carcinoma including 3 carcinoid tumors were investigated with the methods of silver reaction and immunoperoxidase stain for 8 different brain-gut hormones. Argyrophil (AP) cells were demonstrated in 38 cases (44%), argentaffin (AF) cells in 18 (21%) and endocrine cells in 13 (14%). The occurrence of endocrine cells had no relation with histological types. Glicentin cells were demonstrated in 10 cases, somatostatin in 7, motilin in 3, beta-endorphin in 2 and gastrin in one. Endocrine cells appeared generally in small numbers except one carcinoid tumor which had numerous somatostatin cells. No single cell positive for more than two kinds of hormones could be demonstrated. Two undifferentiated carcinomas looking like carcinoid tumors had argyrophil cells and endocrine cells of either somatostatin or beta-endorphin. These results suggest that carcinoid-like carcinoma or endocrine cell carcinoma may lie on the intermediate state between carcinoma and carcinoid tumor.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of brain-gut hormones in gastric carcinoma with relation to argyrophil cells. 614 33

As a CRF-like peptide has been isolated from human gut, we investigated the effect of synthetic CRF-41 100 micrograms on gut and pancreatic peptides in six normal subjects. There was a significant rise in pancreatic polypeptide compared to a control infusion, but no change in plasma insulin, pancreatic glucagon, gastrin, somatostatin, motilin, neurotensin, gastric inhibitory peptide, or cholecystokinin was seen. In addition, there was no change in circulating met-enkephalin. We conclude that the rise in pancreatic polypeptide seen after CRF administration may suggest a role for a CRF-like peptide in the control of pancreatic function.
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PMID:Corticotrophin releasing factor: effects on circulating gut and pancreatic peptides in man. 614 13

Twenty-five endocrine tumors of the rectum (rectal carcinoids) were examined immunohistochemically for various pancreatic and gut neurohormonal polypeptides. Twenty-one of the tumors were found to contain cells displaying pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, somatostatin, insulin, substance P, enkephalin or beta-endorphin immunoreactivity. At least 11 of the tumors contained more than one peptide hormone. In some of the tumors PP cells made up the major cell population, in others the glucagon cells constituted the majority. Only four of the tumors contained 5-hydroxytryptamine. Rectal endocrine tumors seem unique among gut endocrine tumors in that they may store immunoreactive enkephalin, beta-endorphin and even insulin. None of the patients displayed the carcinoid syndrome; symptoms were usually vague and uncharacteristic. In many cases the tumor was found at routine examination.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evidence of peptide hormones in endocrine tumors of the rectum. 617 Apr 21

The content and distribution of Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity in the developing chick gut was studied by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. Met-enkephalin was detected by radioimmunoassay in the duodenum of the 5-day chick embryo. The concentration in this region increased 4-fold by 13 days of incubation and declined thereafter to the levels found in the 4-week chicken. The concentration of enkephalin in the midgut increased about 2-fold between 9 and 13 days of incubation and remained constant until hatching. In the 7-day duodenum, metenkephalin immunoreactivity was found in a network of darkly stained nodes (accumulations of ganglion cells) faintly stained internodal nerve bundles; this network of immunoreactivity was localized to the myenteric plexus. By 9 days of incubation, the network was more extensive and the intensity of staining was increased. At 13 days of incubation, varicosities were found in the region of the ganglion cells and in internodal nerve bundles. At this time, immunoreactivity was clearly visualized in the submucosal plexus. In the newly hatched chicken, met-enkephalin was found in nerves within the circular smooth muscle, as well as the myenteric and submucosal plexuses. The early appearance of met-enkephalin in the developing chick enteric nervous system suggests this peptide may act as a primary neurotransmitter in the organization and control of gut motility.
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PMID:Development of enkephalinergic neurons in the gut of the chick. 617 Sep 62

Surfactants, a group of nonspecific membrane perturbating substances, can cause nerve damage. Various concentrations of the cationic surfactants benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and benzethonium chloride, the anionic surfactants sodium ricinoleate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium lauryl sulfate and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 were applied to the serosal surface of the rat jejunum every 5 min for 0.5 hr and then rinsed off with saline. Thirty days after surfactant application, the treated and an untreated segment of jejunum were removed and examined histologically. All surfactants which were tested significantly reduced the number of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus. In addition, sodium ricinoleate significantly reduced the number of ganglion cells in the submucosal plexus. Higher concentrations of the cationic agents BAC and benzethonium chloride caused a generalized tissue damage including disruption of the smooth muscle, lymphocytic infiltration, intestinal perforation and death. Using BAC as a prototype surfactant, peptidergic neuron distribution and gut electrical activity were examined. BAC treatment markedly reduced the immunoreactivity of somatostatin, substance P, met-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the myenteric plexus. In addition, the electric properties of the smooth muscle were altered. BAC treatment resulted in an erratic, markedly distorted basic electric rhythm and an alteration in spike potential generation. These studies demonstrate that surfactants in appropriate concentrations selectively ablate the myenteric neurons and alter peptidergic neuron distribution and gut electrical parameters in the rat jejunum.
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PMID:Surfactants selectively ablate enteric neurons of the rat jejunum. 619 30


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