Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and water intake (H2OIN) are increased by thoracic inferior vena caval constriction (TIVCC). To assess the role of the cardiac and sinoaortic baroreceptors in these responses, 9 sham-, 10 cardiac-(CD), 6 sinoaortic-(SAD), and 4 combined cardiac and sinoaortic-(CD + SAD) denervated conscious dogs were studied. All animals were studied while normally hydrated 1) with no access to water (H2O-) and 2) while drinking was permitted (H2O+). TIVCC caused similar reductions (P less than 0.001) of mean arterial (-32 +/- 4 mmHg), left atrial pressure (-6.5 +/- 1.1 cmH2O), and right atrial pressure (-4.2 +/- 0.8 cmH2O) in all groups. After TIVCC in sham dogs with H2O-, AVP increased from 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 72.8 +/- 12.6 pg/ml (P less than 0.001). AVP was similar with SAD (57.1 +/- 6.9) but was reduced with CD (30.9 +/- 3.0) and CD + SAD (17.7 +/- 4.0). In all groups, PRA increased from 4.5 +/- 0.7 to 23.8 +/- 3.0 ng.ml-1 x 3 h-1 and plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) increased from 14.0 +/- 2.8 to 59.5 +/- 13.0 pg/ml (P less than 0.001). Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) increased similarly in all groups (55 +/- 5 to 128 +/- 25 pg/ml). Plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels increased similarly in all groups (298 +/- 61 to 654 +/- 88 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of baroreceptor denervation on endocrine and drinking responses to caval constriction in dogs. 220 83

Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is a key neuroendocrine peptide which is involved in the regulation of body color in teleost fish. Antigenically similar peptides exist in higher vertebrates including rodents and man. The precise function(s) of these peptides in these higher vertebrates has yet to be fully elucidated, although regulatory roles in stress-induced or corticotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated ACTH release and/or water balance have been proposed. The salmon, rat, and human MCH cDNA clones have been isolated and sequenced. We isolated and characterized the structure of the rat MCH gene. In addition to providing the complete nucleotide sequence of this gene, we demonstrate that there is a single copy of this gene in the rat genome. The structure of the rat MCH gene indicates that the MCH mRNA is encoded by three exons. Using primer extension and RNase protection assays, the transcriptional start sites of hypothalamic MCH mRNA were determined, allowing us to define the promoter region of this gene. We also characterize the central nervous system distribution of expression of the MCH gene by Northern blot analysis, demonstrating that the MCH mRNA is found predominantly if not exclusively within the hypothalamus.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence and tissue-specific expression of the rat melanin concentrating hormone gene. 226 Oct 81

Experiments were conducted on 90 non-strain male albino rats to study the possibility of compensating food intake and the functions related to its activity in disturbances caused by damage to the arcuate region of the hypothalamus. Neuropeptides beta-lipotropin (beta-LTP) and beta-endorphin were chosen as the compensation factors. The registered parameters were as follows: the volume of food and water intake, feeding and drinking behaviors, orientating-exploratory activity, comforting behavior, and the duration of sleep and drowsiness. It was established that destruction of the hypothalamic arcuate zone is attended by the formation of a specific syndrome including disorders of food and water intake and other forms of behavior. Intraventricular injections of beta-LPT and beta-endorphin under such conditions was conductive to the restoration of the disturbed functions and compensated for food intake and other related functions.
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PMID:[Beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin in the hypothalamic syndrome]. 229 71

Plasma levels of the N-terminal peptide of proopiomelanocortin (NPP) were measured in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, following treatment of handling stress with or without administration of dexamethasone, adaptation to white and black background, and maintenance on a constant light/dark cycle. Effects of exogenously administered NPP on plasma constituents were also examined to provide insight into the biological significance of NPP. Thirty minutes of handling stress in shallow water had no effect on plasma levels of NPP during and after the stress period, whereas significant increases in plasma cortisol and glucose were observed. Intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone blocked the stress-induced elevation of plasma levels of cortisol and caused a depression of plasma NPP. No difference was observed in plasma levels of NPP between trout adapted to a white background and those adapted to a black background. No diurnal changes in NPP were observed under an artificial light/dark cycle (14L/10D light cycle, 0500-1900 hr light) in May and September. Thus, plasma levels of NPP were considerably constant under various physiological conditions, and no synchronism was observed between plasma NPP and cortisol, although NPP modifies the corticotropin-induced release of cortisol from the interrenal. Plasma constituents such as cortisol, total protein, albumin, plasma amino nitrogen, glucose, free fatty acid, ketone body, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were not altered by intraperitoneal injections of NPP (1 or 10 micrograms) once daily for 6 days (total of six injections) or once every other day for 28 days (14 injections). High concentrations of NPP were found in the plasma 24 hr after cessation of the serial injections of NPP (10 micrograms), suggesting slow metabolic clearance of the peptide.
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PMID:Plasma profiles of the N-terminal peptide of proopiomelanocortin in the rainbow trout with reference to stress. 229 28

Pituitary apoplexy is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical features. A quite rare case of painless thyroiditis, hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus (DI) followed by pituitary apoplexy was presented. A 61-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in May, 1986 because of marked general malaise, polydipsia and weight loss which became progressively worse. Four months earlier she had experienced episodes of abrupt onset of severe headache associated with nausea and blurring vision. Physical examinations revealed a fine tremor, dry skin and nervousness. The thyroid gland was not palpable. Visual fields were intact. Her blood pressure was 105/64 mmHg with variable tachycardia. The routine laboratory studies were normal or negative except for hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia and hypernatremia. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 12 mm/hr. An impairment in corticotropin secretion was suspected from the low plasma cortisol and the low urinary excretion of 17-OHCS and the sufficient response to ACTH. Basal levels of GH and gonadotropin were also low, and responses to the stimulation tests (Insulin-stress, L-DOPA, and LH-RH) were all blunted. Brain computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a suprasellar mass that, after infusion, developed peripheral ring-like enhancement and large hyperintense pituitary mass, respectively. A diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy with anterior pituitary failure was made. However, the initial levels of thyroid hormones showed elevated as follows: Free T3 7.6 pg/ml, Free T4 3.3 ng/dl and T3-resin uptake 41.1%. TSH responses to TRH were all suppressed. TSH receptor antibody (TBII) was negative. Both antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were repeatedly positive. A thyroid scan with 99mTc revealed no uptake in the thyroid area. These findings led us to the diagnosis of "painless autoimmune thyroiditis". She had become hypothyroid without any medication. At that time radioactive 99mTc and 123I uptakes increased significantly. When hydrocortisone was substituted, daily urine output abruptly increased to about 10 liters with low osmolality, and the presence of DI was suspected. This diagnosis was confirmed by water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion tests and subsequent pitressin test. She is currently quite well on L-thyroxine, hydrocortisone and desmopressin (1988). This association with pituitary apoplexy must be a rare occurrence, as a literature search has failed to find a similar case. The pathogenetic trigger of "painless thyroiditis" in this case may be responsible for some immunological change due to secondary adrenal insufficiency after pituitary apoplexy.
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PMID:[An unusual association of transient resolving thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis, hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus associated with spontaneous pituitary apoplexy]. 230 57

There are indications that the intermediate lobe peptide alpha-MSH is involved in the regulation of the hydromineral balance in mice and other mammals. The purpose of our studies was to determine whether manipulation of this balance in the mouse could lead to changes in either the rate of POMC biosynthesis in the pars intermedia or to changes in the direction of the processing of the precursor protein to form bioactive peptides. The results show that excess drinking, induced by substitution of drinking water by a 5% glucose solution, causes a rapid increase in POMC synthesis, whereas dehydration has the opposite effect; no evidence could be found that the above treatments have any effect on the processing of POMC, although strain differences were found in level of N-terminal acetylation of newly synthesized melanotropins and endorphins. The changes in various parameters of the hydromineral balance of the animals are consistent with the concept that peptides of the pars intermedia may be involved in regulating plasma aldosterone levels under severe conditions of low plasma sodium concentration.
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PMID:Biosynthetic response of mouse intermediate pituitary gland to induced drinking and dehydration. 233 36

Pain sensitivity of food and/or water-deprived male mice was tested on a hotplate. The most pronounced analgesia ensued in animals given no food and water, and no food but water ad libitum, the least one in water-deprived mice. The magnitude of the rise in pain threshold depended on the duration of deprivation and was correlated with the increase in the blood plasma beta-endorphin level. In the hypothalamus beta-endorphin level increased after 72-h food deprivation only. The level of dynorphin remained unchanged. Naloxone (10 mg/kg) almost completely reversed food or water-deprivation induced analgesia.
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PMID:The effect of food and water deprivation on post-stress analgesia in mice and levels of beta-endorphin and dynorphin in blood plasma and hypothalamus. 242 64

A 30 sec swim in water at 30 degrees C reduced the writhing response produced in the female mice by i.p. acetic acid. Peripherally administered, naloxone and beta-endorphin1-27 antagonized this swim-induced antinociception. However, i.c.v. administration of these compounds had minimal effects on this phenomenon. beta-Endorphin1-27 was effective in antagonizing the antinociceptive effect of beta-endorphin, but not that of morphine. Furthermore, the doses of naloxone required to antagonize the swim-induced antinociception were similar to those required to antagonize beta-endorphin which produced the same degree of antinociceptive response, but were much higher than those required to block the effect of morphine. These results suggest the involvement of beta-endorphin in swim-induced antinociception in female mice and its interaction with some peripheral opioid receptor(s) other than the mu-receptor.
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PMID:The involvement of beta-endorphin in swim-induced antinociception in female mice. 253 77

Two trials were conducted with turkey poults to examine the ontogeny of daily rhythmicity of plasma corticosterone (CS), and to determine the plasma CS response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injections and temperature stress at different times during a light-dark cycle. In Trial 1, CS levels were determined at 3-h intervals over a 24-h period in 3, 10, and 14-day-old tom and hen poults maintained on a 12 h light: 12 h dark (12L:12D) light-dark cycle. Plasma CS levels of tom and hen poults were similar. A robust daily rhythm in plasma CS occurred by 10 days of age, with maximal levels of CS occurring during the scotophase. In Trial 2, daily variation in plasma CS sensitivity to cold treatment or ACTH in 2-wk-old toms was examined. Tom poults were exposed to cold water immersion (5 C for 1 min), porcine ACTH injection (1 IU/kg), or saline injection at 1100 h in midphotophase and at 2300 h in midscotophase. Treatments significantly increased plasma CS in both the photophase and scotophase, with the levels being significantly higher in the scotophase. At midphotophase cold or ACTH treatment induced respectively, a 489 and 546% increase in plasma CS above that of controls. During midscotophase, 746 and 695% increases in CS above levels for controls were induced by cold stress or ACTH, respectively. Differences between percent changes for times of day were not significantly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ontogeny of daily rhythmicity in plasma corticosterone and variation in sensitivity of the corticosterone response in turkey poults. 253 91

In an attempt to investigate their relationships with plasma volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and other hormonal systems, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels were determined in response to exercise in the heat, associated with dehydration and rehydration with various fluids. Five normal subjects underwent four 3-h experiments, in a 36 degree C environment, in which 25-min exercise periods on a cycle ergometer at 90 W alternate with 5-min rest periods. Blood samples were collected hourly and ANP, arginine vasopressin (AVP), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and cortisol were analyzed in four experimental sessions: without fluid supplement (DH) and with progressive rehydration either with water (W), acid isotonic solution (AISO), or neutral isotonic solution (NISO). Exercise in the heat, accompanied by a decrease in PV and an increase in osmolality, elicited an increase of 28 +/- 1.6 pg/ml in plasma ANP, with concomitant increases in AVP (5.1 +/- 1.4 pg/ml), ACTH (49.6 +/- 12.3 pg/ml), and cortisol (8.4 +/- 2.0 micrograms/100 ml). Progressive rehydration maintained PV and blunted ANP, AVP, ACTH, and cortisol responses. These results demonstrate the importance of rehydration, during exercise in a warm environment, in preventing hormonal increases. They suggest that under our conditions, the PV changes and the inferred atrial pressure changes may not be the primary factors controlling ANP release, as under other physiological conditions. The exercise-related activation of pituitary and adrenals and the stimulation of HR counteract the influence of PV changes due to vascular fluid shifts.
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PMID:Effect of rehydration on atrial natriuretic peptide release during exercise in the heat. 254 60


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