Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fast-phase calcium uptake by depolarized hippocampal synaptosomes was increased significantly following treatment with 10 nM or 10 microM D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE). No significant changes of calcium uptake by depolarized cortical or striatal synaptosomes were observed for 10 nM or 10 microM treatment with this enkephalin analog. Dynorphin 1-17 analog at 10 nM produces a significant increase in calcium uptake by depolarized striatal synaptosomes. beta-Endorphin and the dynorphin 1-13 fragment analog (10 nM) caused no significant change in the calcium uptake by depolarized synaptosomes from any of the three brain regions. However, calcium uptake by non-depolarized striatal and cortical synaptosomes was increased significantly in the presence of 10 nM beta-endorphin and DADLE. Opioid peptide action on neural calcium uptake is complex and appears to vary somewhat from one brain region to another.
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PMID:Opioid peptides increase calcium uptake by synaptosomes from brain regions. 285 54

Posttraining administration of the opioid peptides, beta-endorphin or the enkephalins, is known to cause retrograde amnesia for a variety of tasks in rats. The present paper studies the effect of the posttraining administration of dynorphin 1-13 on retention of a step-down inhibitory avoidance task and of a shuttle avoidance task. For the purpose of comparison, the effect of human beta-endorphin was also studied. In confirmation of previous results, beta-endorphin (1.0 or 10.0 micrograms/kg, IP) caused retrograde amnesia for the two tasks. Dynorphin 1-13 had no effect at doses between 0.008-125.0 micrograms/kg IP or 1.25-125.0 ng/rat ICV in the inhibitory avoidance task, or at doses of 5.0, 25.0, or 125.0 micrograms/kg in the shuttle avoidance paradigm. These findings suggest that, in contrast to beta-endorphin, dynorphin 1-13 may not be involved in memory regulation at the posttraining period in rats.
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PMID:Unlike beta-endorphin, dynorphin 1-13 does not cause retrograde amnesia for shuttle avoidance or inhibitory avoidance learning in rats. 286 14

Dyads of a victor and a loser of mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) coexisted for seven days; isolated animals served as a further experimental group. beta-Endorphin, Met-enkephalin and dynorphin were measured in several brain areas and in the anterior and neurointermediate pituitary. beta-Endorphin and Met-enkephalin were increased in the amygdala of defeated as compared to victorious animals. Met-enkephalin in the hypothalamus and in the striatum were lower in isolated than in coexisting gerbils. Coexistence decreased beta-endorphin in the amygdala and in the hypothalamus as compared to isolation. The results provide biochemical evidence for the role of central endogenous opioid-peptide systems in the physiology of victory and defeat. Dynorphin showed no variation with social conflict and social status.
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PMID:Continuous social defeat induces an increase of endogenous opioids in discrete brain areas of the mongolian gerbil. 286 94

The analgesic activity of the prototypic opioid peptides for the mu (D-Ala2-Me-Phen4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin [DAGO]) kappa (Dynorphin 1-13), delta (D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin [DADLE]), or epsilon (beta-endorphin) receptor was assessed in a rat tooth pulp stimulation procedure. All opioid peptides tested and the opioid alkaloid U50, 488H (kappa receptor agonist) significantly elevated response thresholds. The rank order of potency based on the Minimum Effective Dose values was beta-endorphin greater than DAGO = dynorphin A (1-13) amide greater than DADLE greater than dynorphin A (1-13) greater than U50,488H. Based on absolute magnitude, the rank order of dose response slopes was DAGO greater than U50,488H greater than dynorphin A (1-13) amide greater than beta-endorphin greater than DADLE. Dynorphin A (1-13) produced the shallowest dose response slope and the magnitude of response threshold was the lowest for all compounds tested. Finally, the general conclusion that mu agonists are effective against noxious stimuli derived from thermal, chemical, and mechanical is extended by our data to include electrical sources derived from tooth pulp stimulation; kappa agonists are effective against noxious stimuli derived from chemical, mechanical, and electrical sources (tooth pulp stimulation) and delta agonists are effective analgesics against thermal, chemical and electrical stimuli (tooth pulp stimulation).
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PMID:Antinociceptive profiles of opioid peptide agonists in a rat tooth pulp stimulation procedure. 286 29

Mammary tumors were induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by giving a single oral dose of 20 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Animals were killed after full development of tumors 4 months after the ingestion of DMBA. Opioid peptides in various tissues were estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Tumor-bearing rats (n = 5) had higher (P less than 0.05) contents of beta-endorphin in pituitary (+60%), striatum (+52%) and midbrain (+85%) compared to animals with no tumors. However, tumor-bearing rats showed a decrease of 35% in striatal met-enkephalin content. Dynorphin level decreased (P less than 0.05) in pituitary (-49%) and hypothalamus (-29%) of tumor-bearing rats. Thus for the first time, we report the alteration in the level of these neuropeptides during the process of chemical carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis on the opioid peptide levels in the rat central nervous system. 287 Jul 95

Proteins extracted from suboesophageal ganglia of Squilla mantis, an arthropod shown to be sensitive in vivo to opiates and to contain native opioid like peptide(s), were fractionated by gel filtration into three pools according to their molecular weight: A (Mr greater than 65,000), B (10,000 less than Mr less than 65,000) and C (Mr less than 10,000). None of these pools showed any immunoreactivity when radioimmunoassayed using antisera raised against Met-enkephalin either before or after sequential trypsin/carboxypeptidase B proteolysis. Further purification of pool C by HPLC followed by RIA using antibodies directed to Met-O-enkephalin,Leu-enkephalin,Dynorphin 1-13 and human beta-endorphin, showed only a trace amount of Met-enkephalin cross-reactivity (about 10 fmoles/mg of protein extract). No detectable amount of Leu- or Met-enkephalin was found after HPLC fractionation of proteolyzed pool B. Radioreceptor assay of HPLC fractions derived from trypsin/carboxypeptidase B treated pools B and C showed major areas of activity common to both pools, but nevertheless with differing retention times compared to the standard opioid peptides used.
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PMID:RIA/chromatographic evidence for novel opioid peptide(s) in Squilla mantis ganglia. 287 12

This study compared the distribution of methionine enkephalin-, dynorphin A 1-8-, and neurotensin-immunoreactive (IR) perikarya in laminae I and IV-VII of selected segments of lumbar spinal cord of cat(L5) and rat(4). Immunoreactive neurons for each peptide were found throughout the dorsal horn and dorsal lamina VII but were quantified only within laminae I and IV-VII. In lamina I, both large (greater than 20 micron) and small (less than 20 micron) IR neurons were identified. Large IR neurons for each peptide in both species resembled Waldeyer neurons studied by Golgi stain and were outnumbered by small IR neurons. Comparison among the laminae of the distribution of met-enkephalin IR neurons showed a similar pattern in the two species with the majority of IR neurons (greater than 65%) in laminae V and VI. Differences in laminar distribution occurred between species for the other peptides. Dynorphin IR neurons were greatest in number in lamina V in rat but greatest in number in laminae I and V in cat. Neurotensin IR neurons occurred predominantly in cat lamina I but were nearly equal in density in rat laminae I and VI. The topographic distribution of each peptide in laminae V and VI was similar between the two species with IR neurons occurring laterally in lamina V and more medially in lamina VI. Comparisons between species of the numbers of IR neurons/segment indicated distinct relationships for each peptide. The number of met-enkephalin IR neurons in laminae of cat L5 was generally two times greater than the number of IR neurons in the same laminae of rat L4, except in laminae I and IV, where the numbers were nearly equal. In contrast, the number of dynorphin IR neurons in cat laminae was generally one-half the number in rat, except in lamina I, where the number in cat was two times greater than rat. A high degree of variability occurred in laminar comparisons of neurotensin IR neurons. Neurotensin IR neurons in lamina I of cat outnumbered those of rat 2:1, but in laminae IV-VII, the ratio of cat to rat IR neurons varied from 1:1 to 1:20. The met-enkephalin, dynorphin, and neurotensin IR neurons quantified in this study may be interneurons or may serve as projection neurons to brainstem and/or thalamic nuclei. The observed differences in distribution may be relevant to differences in spinal cord physiology in the two species.
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PMID:Comparison of met-enkephalin-, dynorphin A-, and neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons in the cat and rat spinal cords: I. Lumbar cord. 288 Aug 79

Opioid peptides and opioid receptors are found in the hearts of various species. Opioid peptides were also shown to modulate norepinephrine inducing changes in atrial rate, in vitro. Since we have recently shown a predominance of kappa and delta receptors in the rat atria, we found it of interest to study the role of highly selective opioid agonists on spontaneous and sympathetically stimulated heart rate. The pithed, artificially ventillated rat was used in these studies. D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL), was used as an delta-agonist, D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAGO) as a highly selective mu-agonist; Dynorphin A (1-17) as a kappa-agonist and beta-endorphin (beta-END) as a mixed epsilon-delta-mu agonist. Naloxone was used as an opiate antagonist. None of the above opioid peptides changed the basal blood pressure and heart rate at 1-100 nmol/kg except Dyn A-(1-17) which produced a brief depressor response (-15 +/- 2 mmHg, p less than 0.01). Stimulation of the spinal cord (50 v, 1 msec, 1 Hz, 30 sec) produced consistant pressor and cardiac accelerating responses. None of the opioid peptides studied blocked or enhanced the increase in blood pressure or heart rate produced by spinal cord stimulation. The depressor effect of the high dose of Dyn A-(1-17) was not blocked by naloxone. These results suggest that mu, delta or kappa opioid receptors in the rat heart have no role in the regulation of basal or sympathetically driven heart rate. Our data also suggest no role for these opioid receptors in modulation of basal arterial tone or norepinephrine-induced arteriolar constriction.
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PMID:The effect of mu, delta, kappa and epsilon opioid receptor agonists on heart rate and blood pressure of the pithed rat. 288 Dec 24

Tissues of the reproductive tract have been shown to contain mRNAs coding for pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), pro-enkephalin and pro-dynorphin. However, the amounts of immunoreactive opioid peptides in these tissues are low, and in the case of the enkephalins and dynorphin, the molecular species responsible for the immunoreactivities have not been characterized. The chromatographic properties of dynorphin and enkephalin immunoreactivities in extracts of guinea pig and rat testis have therefore been determined. Dynorphin A and dynorphin B immunoreactivity was heterogeneous, with a significant amount attributable to high-molecular-weight forms. About 20% of the dynorphin A immunoreactivity, and about 40% of the dynorphin B immunoreactivity, in guinea pig testis extracts behaved as authentic dynorphin A or B, respectively during fractionation by ion exchange, gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography. Both high- and low-molecular-weight forms of [Leu5]enkephalin immunoreactivity were also present, with roughly 50-70% of the immunoreactivity attributable to low-molecular-weight forms. In extracts of guinea pig testis only a small part of this immunoreactivity eluted as authentic [Leu5]enkephalin during high-performance liquid chromatography. In rat testis most of the low-molecular-weight [Leu5]enkephalin immunoreactivity behaved as the authentic peptide. These results confirm that opioid peptides are produced in guinea pig and rat testis, and demonstrate that immunoreactive forms of the peptides similar to those found in brain and pituitary are present in the tissue.
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PMID:Chromatographic characterization of dynorphin and [Leu5]enkephalin immunoreactivity in guinea pig and rat testis. 289 Nov 55

The hyperphagia and obesity induced by ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) electrolytic lesions in female rats were associated with a 70-94% decrease in the level of beta-endorphin (beta-E) in the hypothalamus and other regions of brain, but not in the pituitary. Dynorphin (Dyn) and methionine-enkephalin (ME) levels were also decreased. Rats with VMH lesions were less sensitive to the inhibitory effect of naloxone on their food-intake. Mice injected with gold thioglucose (GTG) also showed a decrease in the hypothalamic content of beta-E and Dyn and exhibited 30% less analgesia compared to control mice after cold swim stress.
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PMID:Effect of electrolytic and chemical ventromedial hypothalamic lesions on food intake, body weight, analgesia and the CNS opioid peptides in rats and mice. 289 79


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