Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) implantation in male Wistar rats to elucidate the site of action of morphine-induced prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (B) secretion. DEX or cholesterol was implanted in the close vicinity of the paraventricular (PVN), or the arcuate nuclei (ARN) of the hypothalamus or into the hippocampus. Five days after implantation blood samples were taken 30 min after i.p. morphine by decapitation or through an indwelling cannula 15, 30, 60 min after i.v. injection. DEX implanted near the PVN resulted in a blockade of morphine-induced ACTH and B secretion. In contrast, GH response to morphine was enhanced, while that of PRL was unchanged. DEX implanted near the ARN significantly inhibited the PRL-releasing effect of morphine, but was without any influence on the PRL secretion induced by haloperidol. There was a partial reduction in the B response to morphine, and GH secretion was unchanged. Dorsal hippocampal implants were without any effect on the morphine-induced GH, PRL or B secretion. We suggest that the site of glucocorticoid inhibitory action in the hypothalamus is the PVN for the opiate-induced ACTH/B secretion, and the ARN for the morphine-induced PRL release. The enhanced GH response to morphine observed in DEX-PVN implanted rats might be due to a decreased somatostatin tone.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dexamethasone implanted in different brain areas on the morphine-induced PRL, GH and ACTH/corticosterone secretion. 166 69

Circulatory levels of ACTH, beta-endorphin (beta-Ep), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol were evaluated in 19 volunteers athletes 48 h, 1 h before and soon after an international marathon (Romaratona 1988) and a national half-marathon. ACTH, beta-Ep and cortisol levels 48 h and 1 h before the half-marathon were similar, whereas 1 h before the marathon they were significantly elevated (p less than 0.01). Presumably the stress produced by the expectancy of the race induce a significant increase of the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in the very competitive marathon (Romaratona 1988). Moreover a remarkable increase of ACTH, beta-Ep, GH, PRL and cortisol circulating levels has been observed in the athletes after both runs, but in a different extend in relation not only to the duration and intensity of the muscular work but also to the agonistic effort: thus the hormonal increase was higher after the international marathon run than after the national half-marathon.
 ...
PMID:Adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin circulating levels in nineteen athletes before and after half-marathon and marathon. 166 89

The synthetic ACTH/MSH(4-9) analog HOE 427 ("ebiratide"), which is behaviorally the most potent ACTH-derived peptide but which is devoid of endocrine activity, was administered intravenously in a pulsatile mode 4 times (120 micrograms each) at 2200, 2300, 2400 and 0100 to study its effect on the sleep EEG and on concomitant hormonal secretion of cortisol and growth hormone. In comparison to placebo, the peptide produced signs of general activation associated with specific deteriorating effects on the quality of sleep. Sleep onset latency and intermittent wakefulness were increased, slow wave sleep was reduced, but only during the first 3 hours of the sleep period. The nocturnal secretory patterns of cortisol and growth hormone were unaffected by HOE 427. These effects are different from those reported in similar studies in which corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was applied in humans, and they suggest that peripherally administered neuropeptides have specific nonendocrine behavioral effects.
 ...
PMID:Effects of an ACTH/MSH(4-9) analog (HOE 427) on the sleep EEG and nocturnal hormonal secretion in humans. 166 79

In 7 patients with end stage renal failure, anterior pituitary function was tested by simultaneous application of maximally effective doses of the hypothalamic releasing peptides, corticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and compared to 8 normal controls. In addition to the pituitary hormones, plasma cortisol, thyroxine and testosterone concentrations were measured. To test for possible effects of treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhu-EPO), all patients with chronic renal failure were studied again after partial correction of anemia by treatment with erythropoietin. Before initiation of rhu-EPO treatment, plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly elevated and the thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone blunted when compared to normal controls. Treatment with rhu-EPO induced a significant increase in plasma ACTH and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. All other pituitary functions remained unchanged. Thus, the general improvement in well-being, working capacity and sexual activity cannot be attributed to hormonal changes.
 ...
PMID:Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on anterior pituitary function in patients on chronic hemodialysis. 166 42

We investigated the effects of various hormones and growth factors on aromatase activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Several potential trophic factors were tested for their ability to modify basal aromatase activity or the response to dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and dexamethasone because (i) no endogenous ligand has been identified that is responsible for stimulating aromatase activity in the periphery, and (ii) dexamethasone and cAMP analogs can increase this enzyme's activity in fibroblasts. The effect of insulin and insulin-like growth factors were examined in closer detail because of the clinical association between insulin and hyperandrogenism. Pituitary hormones and hypothalamic releasing factors, such as human ACTH (10 nM), beta-endorphin (10 nM), beta-lipotropin (10 nM), alpha-MSH (10 nM), gamma 3-MSH (10 nM), ovine luteinizing hormone (10 ng/ml), ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (10 ng/ml), ovine thyroid-stimulating hormone (10 ng/ml), rat growth hormone (10 ng/ml), rat prolactin (10 ng/ml), rat corticotropin-releasing factor (10 nM), luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (10 nM), thyrotropin-releasing factor (10 nM), human growth hormone-releasing factor (10 nM), and somatostatin (10 nM), have no significant effects on aromatase activity. Porcine inhibin A (10 ng/ml) and porcine activin AB (10 ng/ml), two ovarian hormones with structural transforming homology to transforming growth factor-beta, also have no effect on aromatase activity. Although basic fibroblast growth factor (1-100 ng/ml), acidic fibroblast growth factor (1 ng/ml), epidermal growth factor (1 ng/ml), platelet-derived growth factor (1 ng/ml), tumor necrosis factor (1 ng/ml), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (1 ng/ml) have no effect on basal aromatase activity in human skin fibroblasts, all of these growth factors inhibited the ability of dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate to stimulate aromatase activity. In contrast, both insulin (100 pg/ml-10 ng/ml) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (1-100 ng/ml) had no effect on cAMP-stimulated aromatase but potentiated the action of dexamethasone (100 nM). Thus, there is a clear distinction between the effects of dexamethasone and cAMP on peripheral aromatase. On the basis of the results presented here, it is interesting to speculate that the hyperandrogenism that is often associated with insulin resistance may be due to a combination of growth factor-mediated inhibition of aromatase activity and the failure of peripheral tissues to respond to insulin and metabolize androgens to estrogens.
 ...
PMID:Growth factor-mediated regulation of aromatase activity in human skin fibroblasts. 167 98

The cell types in the adenohypophysis of Neoceratodus resemble closely those already described for Lepidosiren and Protopterus. Four of these were immunocytochemically identified as prolactin cells, gonadotropes, corticotropes, and melanotropes. Antiserum to bullfrog growth hormone could not distinguish between prolactin cells and somatotropes. Anti-bullfrog prolactin, however, did selectively stain the prolactin cells, which allowed the identification of the somatotropes. The presumptive thyrotropes, as the only remaining cell type in the pars distalis, can then be tentatively identified by default. Likewise a PAS-positive cell type in the pars intermedia had no immunoreactivity to any of the antisera used. The functional significance of this cell remains to be demonstrated. One of the more unexpected findings was the presence of large numbers of cells immunoreactive to alpha-MSH in the proximal pars distalis. The implications of the presence of these cells in adult lungfish are discussed. The distribution of cell types within the pituitary of Neoceratodus showed more regionalization than is present in the other lungfish and corresponded more closely to that described for primitive actinopterygian fish. The general structure of the pituitary of Neoceratodus also resembled primitive actinopterygian fish more closely than it did amphibians, unlike the pituitaries of Lepidosiren and Protopterus. The evolutionary significance of this is also discussed.
 ...
PMID:The adenohypophysis of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri--an immunocytological study. 170 9

Hormones of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA-) axis are considered to be of physiological and clinical relevance in regulating spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion. To further investigate interdependencies between both systems, we studied the effects of adrenocorticotropin [ACTH(1-24)] and human corticotropin-releasing hormone (h-CRH) upon spontaneous GH secretion in 10 male volunteers. Administration of 1 microgram ACTH (1-24), 10 micrograms h-CRH or saline (control: CTL) every hour from 9.00 to 6.00 p.m. resulted in significant differences of cortisol secretion during the entire observation period (8.00 a.m.-3.00 a.m.) between the three groups (p less than 0.001, Friedman two-way ANOVA). Mean area under the time course curve (AUC) values (+/- SEM) for cortisol expressed as ng x 1,000 x min/ml showed also significant differences between the three treatments from 8.00 a.m. to 3.00 a.m.: CTL 64.0 +/- 6.4, ACTH(1-24) 178.5 +/- 9.4 (p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon test), h-CRH 88.5 +/- 5.6 (p less than 0.01). The main portion of cortisol was released during daytime from 8.00 a.m. to 11.00 p.m., where the most significant differences in the AUC values emerged: CTL 59.6 +/- 5.8, ACTH(1-24) 171.5 +/- 8.8 (p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon test), h-CRH 80.2 +/- 5.1 (p less than 0.01). With regard to GH secretion, significant differences became obvious between the three treatments during daytime from 8.00 a.m. to 11.00 p.m. and the sleep-related period from 11.00 p.m. to 3.00 a.m. (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, Friedman two-way ANOVA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Influence of human corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropin upon spontaneous growth hormone secretion. 174 61

Many evidences support the existence of a bilateral connection between the thymic gland and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). In this respect, neurohormones such as the adrenal corticotropin hormone and glucocorticoids cause thymic involution, while the growth hormone and the prolactin upregulate thymic functions. On the other hand, a thymic hormone, the thymosin fraction 5, activates the HPAA, thus closing-up the regulatory loop between immune system and nervous system. In this review, a clinical trial with two thymic hormones (Timostimolina and Thymopentin) in agoraphobic patients with phagocytic dysfunctions is reported. Results obtained indicate that both substances lead to a partial and temporary immunological recovery, since a further depression of phagocytic activities occurs in coincidence with panic attack. The use of alternative immunomodulators in these patients is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Role of thymic hormones in neuroimmunomodulation. Their use in patients with phobic disorders. 177 34

The goal pursued has been to analyze clinical observations and hormonal studies of patients with empty sella turcica (EST), in order to review this disorder and determine if it can be considered a real syndrome. Fifteen patients with EST (3 men and 12 women) and mean age of 45.6 +/- 17.9 years have been prospectively studied. In the hypothalamus-hypophysis study, reserves of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), gonadotropins (FSH and LH), growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol were assessed. In addition, thyroid hormones and, for men, testosterone, were determined. The pathogenic mechanism was explained in two cases (13.3%). We registered headache in 10 patients, obesity in 8, arterial hypertension in 2 and diabetes mellitus in 2. Multiparity antecedent was found in 2 cases. The hormonal study was abnormal in two cases (40%). Most common abnormalities were hyperprolactinemia (3 cases), deficit of gonadotropins (3 cases), without coexisting both of them in any case, and deficit of GH (2 cases). EST is frequently associated with endocrine disfunction, although clinical implications are rare. The absence of common clinical manifestations in most cases questions the EST as a real syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Primary empty sella turcica: clinical aspects and hormonal study of 15 cases]. 179 Feb 77

The opioid peptide, beta-endorphin, originates from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) under the influence of corticotropin releasing hormone (CHR). It increases the threshold of pain and has a certain influence on the formation of hypophyseal hormones, especially in stress. It is found that beta-endorphin stimulates the secretion of prolactin, a growth hormone, and vasopressin; it inhibates formation of follicle-stimulating and luteinizating hormones, oxytocin and dopamine, and gonadotropin, a releasing hormone. The process of acetylization decreases its activity. The results of experimental trials revealed that acetylisation in the foetal period was absent. The aim of the study was to define beta-endorphin concentration during normal vaginal labor and Cesarean section. Samples of peripheral blood of patients with spontaneous vaginal labor (n = 15) and of those in whom labor was operatively terminated (Cesarean section) (n = 10), were analysed. Values of this opiate were determined in the umbilical cord of newborn infants, in the amniotic fluid and placental compartment. The obtained results were statistically analysed. In intrapartum beta-endorphins were significantly increased reaching the highest level during expulsion (326 pg/ml); in the placental compartment these values were higher (in retroplacental blood 514 pg/ml) reaching the highest value of 917 pg/ml, p less than 0.01 in the placenta. In Cesarean section beta-endorphin values in the peripheral blood showed no significant differences during spontaneous vaginal labor. However, increased values of this natural opiate were observed six hours after surgery. Beta-endorphin concentrations in the placental compartment and the placenta during normal vaginal labor were significantly higher in comparison with labor by Cesarean section (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[The opioid peptide, beta-endorphin, in spontaneous vaginal delivery and cesarean section]. 180 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>