Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antigenic activity and mobility of bovine pituitary hormones; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH) were studied with the aid of agar gel diffusion and electrophoresis. MSH and ACTH were the only hormones not demonstrating antigenicity. Tests by electrophoresis showed "gamma" mobility of the pituitary hormones exhibiting antigenic activity. The observation of antigenic determinants exhibiting identity with immunoglobulins suggests that the bovine pituitary gland houses immunoglobulin molecule and the various pituitary hormones.
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PMID:Antigenic activity and mobility of bovine pituitary hormones. 7 63

The effect of synthetic alpha-MSH injected intravenously in a uniform dose of 3 mg was studied in 19 prepubertal children. A marked growth hormone (GH) response was seen only in 2 out of 8 constitutionally small children with a normal GH response to insulin and arginine stimulation. Three of of 11 children suffering from hypopituitarism with documented GH and other hormone deficiencies, unexpectedly, showed a significant rise of GH after alpha-MSH: all three had craniopharyngiomas. Alpha-MSH led to an increase of plasma cortisol in all except 3 patients who had secondary adrenal insuffciency. The increase of cortisol after alpha-MSH and after insulin was of the same extent: but the hypoglycemia and stress responsible for the insulin effect were not observed after alpha-MSH. It is possible that alpha-MSH acts by an ACTH-like direct stimulation on the adrenals. There was no effect of alpha-MSH on plasma TSH or on blood glucose.
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PMID:The effect of alpha-MSH on plasma growth hormone, cortisol and TSH in children. 16 18

Skin allograft rejection was noticeably delayed in rats following hypophysectomy. Daily injections of hypophyseal growth hormone restored the normal reaction. Additional thymectomy had no influence on the rejection of hypophysectomized rats. In these animals growth hormone by itself had no significant influence on the graft rejection. It only restored a normal reaction when given together with thymic hormone. Corticotropin injections accelerated the allograft rejection. On this action of corticotropin thymic hormone has shown a significant inhibitory influence. The thymus was thus proved to be a synergist to growth hormone and an antagonist to corticotropin. Previous observations made with usual endocrinological test- are thus confirmed with an immunological test.
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PMID:Influence of the thymus-corticothropin-growth hormone interaction on the rejection of skin allografts in the rat. 16 68

The plasma cortisol response to hypoglycemia is widely used as a test of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. It was the aim of this study to determine whether this test gives a reliable indication of pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) release in patients recovering from adrenocortical suppression due to corticosteroid or ACTH therapy. The 16 patients who were studied (6 on more than one occasion) had received in excess of 5 mg predinisone or equivalent daily for over 12 months. The insulin tolerance tests were carried out 18 h after stopping steroid therapy. The tests were then repeated three to four days after adrenal function had been restored (as indicated by urinary oxogenic steroid excretion of greater than 35 mg/24 h) by zinc tetracosactrin administration. The ACTH response to hypoglycemia was significantly impaired in the steroid-treated group. However with the exception of one patient who had persistently elevated resting ACTH levels there was a significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the maximum increments in plasma cortisol and ACTH during hypoglycemia. No significant difference in sensitivity to endogenous ACTH could be demonstrated between the steroid-treated group and 12 normal control subjects. Following ACTH administration the plasma ACTH and growth hormone responses to hypoglycemia were significantly reduced, but the response in plasma cortisol was not significantly affected. It is concluded that the plasma cortisol response to hypoglycemia gives a useful indication of ACTH release in steroid-treated patients provided that they have not recently received exogenous ACTH.
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PMID:The plasma cortisol and corticotropin response to hypoglycemia following adrenal steroid and ACTH administration. 16 25

The effect of alpha1-24-corticotropin-Zn on the results of pituitary stimulation tests (moderate standardized physical exercise, arginine infusion, insulin-induced hypoglycemia) was studied in 27 prepubertal children with non-endocrine retardation of growth and development. After administration of 1 mg alpha1-24-corticotropin, the basal blood glucose and plasma cortisol levels rose significantly. However, the growth hormone increase after the three stimulation tests was significantly lower than without the corticotropin injection. The results demonstrate the inhibiting effect of alpha1-24-corticotropin on growth hormone secretion.
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PMID:The effect of alpha1-24-corticotropin on growth hormone release in prepubertal children. 17 Dec 39

Rathke's pouches isolated from rat fetuses on day 12 were maintained in organ culture for 9 days and investigated immunohistochemically to test whether or not the hypothalamus is involved in the cytodifferentiation of the adenohypophysis. The unlabeled antibody enzyme method demonstrated that the cultured tissue contains different types of glandular cells, i.e., adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-, growth hormone (GH)-, luteinizing hormone (LH)-, thyrotropin (TSH)-, and prolactin-producing cells. Indirect evidence was also obtained to indicate the presence of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-cells. These findings suggest that adenohypophysial primordial cells of rats start to synthesize their respective hormones without stimuli from the neurosecretory substances of the brain which are known to be essential for the maintenance of the secretory activity of the adult gland.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on adenohypophysial primordia in organ culture. 17 57

Gangliosides inhibit 125I-labeled thyrotropin binding to the thyrotropin receptors on bovine thyroid plasma membranes, on guinea pig retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes, and on human adipocyte membranes. This inhibition by gangliosides is critically altered by the number and location of the sialic acid residues within the ganglioside structure, the efficacy of inhibition having the following order: GD1b greater than GT1 greater than GM1 greater than GM2 = GM3 greater than GD1a. The inhibition results from the interaction of thyrotropin and gangliosides, rather than the interaction of membrane and gangliosides. Fluorescence studies show that the inhibition is associated with a distinct conformational change of the thyrotropin molecule and that the progression from a "noninhibitory conformation" to an "inhibitory conformation" parallels exactly the order of effectiveness in inhibiting 125I-labeled thyrotropin binding. The ganglioside inhibition of 125I-labeled thyrotropin binding appears to be hormonally specific in that it is not affected by albumin, glucagon, insulin, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, or corticotropin. The possibility that a ganglioside or ganglioside-like structure is a component of the thyrotropin receptor is suggested by the finding that gangliosides more complex than N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide are present in bovine thyroid membranes in much higher quantities than have been previously found in extraneural tissue. The finding that the B component of cholera toxin, which also interacts with gangliosides, has a peptide sequence in common with the beta subunit of thyrotropin, suggests that thyrotropin and cholera toxin may be analogous in their mode of action on the membrane.
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PMID:Thyrotropin-ganglioside interactions and their relationship to the structure and function of thyrotropin receptors. 17 57

A clonal cell strain F4C1 has been established from the transplantable rat pituitary tumor MtT/F4 and has been maintained in continuous culture for two years. The cells grow with a population doubling time of 48 hours; the karyotype with a modal number of 39 chromosomes includes a pair of large metacentric marker chromosomes. F4C1 cells in culture produce growth hormone and prolactin but not adrenocorticotropin in contrast to the MtT/F4 tumor which secretes all three hormones in the host rat. The cloned cells lack specific receptors for thyrotropin-releasing hormone and do not respond to this agent with increased prolactin or decreased growth hormone production. Treatment with hydrocortisone results in a small increase in growth hormone and a small decrease in prolactin production. Tumors generated in rats from injected F4C1 cells secrete prolactin and growth hormone but not adrenocorticotropin. The results suggest that growth hormone and prolactin are produced by a single cell type in the MtT/F4 tumor.
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PMID:Establishment in culture of a multihormone-secreting cell strain derived from the MtT/F4 rat pituitary tumor. 17 73

Lipid mobilizing substances (LMS) are present in the hypothalamus and pituitary of mammals and probably are involved in the central neural control of obesity. Most of these have direct lipolytic effects, like lipid mobilizing factor (LMF) and LH-RH from the hypothalamus as well as lipotropin (LPH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotropin (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. Some of the substances, like GH-release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH), affect lipolysis by secondary actions on pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Other hypothalamic hormones, like GH-releasing hormone (GH-RH) may influence lipolysis secondarily through the pituitary hormones (e.g. GH) whose release they control. Regardless of how lipid mobilization is affected, investigations into the problem of obesity should take these LMS into consideration.
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PMID:Lipid mobilizing hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary. 17 3

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of corticotropin, growth hormone, thyrotropin, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone were measured in 28 patients with various neurologic disorders, in 49 patients with pituitary tumors of whom 22 had suprasellar extension, and in 6 patients with craniopharyngiomas. With the exception of 1 patient with pseudotumor cerebri, CSF adenohypophyseal hormone concentrations were low in patients with neurologic disease and in patients with pituitary tumor without suprasellar extension. In marked contrast, 21 to 22 patients with suprasellar extension of a pituitary tumor and 2 of 6 patients with a craniopharyngioma had elevations of one or more CSF adenohypophyseal hormones. Posttreatment CSF adenohypophyseal hormone levels fell from previously elevated levels in 4 of 5 patients. These data suggest that an elevated CSF adenohypophyseal hormone concentration is a sensitive indicator of suprasellar extension of a pituitary tumor, and posttreatment measurements are useful in determining efficacy of therapy.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid hormone concentration in the evaluation of pituitary tumors. 18 Aug 61


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