Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon alpha (IFN alpha), cytokines originally detected in immunological cells, now have been shown to produce nonimmunological host defense responses of central and peripheral origins. These cytokines are released from glial cells in the brain in pathological states. Local application of IL-1 beta and IFN alpha to thermosensitive neurons in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus and glucose responsive neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus in vivo and in vitro, altered the activity in appropriate ways to explain the cytokines-induced fever and anorexia, respectively. The responses to IL-1 beta, but not to IFN alpha, were blocked by sodium salicylate, suggesting the involvement of synthesis of prostaglandins. alpha MSH, an endogenous antipyretic and a possible antagonist of IL-1 beta at lymphocytes, specifically depressed the responses to IL-1 beta, but not those to IFN alpha. In contrast, the action of IFN alpha was reversibly blocked by naloxone, suggesting the opioid receptor mediation. Intracerebral injection of IFN alpha and beta-endorphin in the rat and mouse resulted in the suppression of cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in the spleen by activation of brain opioid receptor, which was shown to be mediated predominantly by splenic sympathetic nerves. The results suggest a view that immune cytokines may provide afferent links for the regulatory circuits between the brain and the immune system.
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PMID:Immune cytokines and regulation of body temperature, food intake and cellular immunity. 195 24

The localization of an ouabain-sensitive potassium-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase part of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase complex in the white rat's brain has been studied at the ultrastructural level. The physiological pH of incubation medium highly increases the specificity of ultracytochemical enzyme demonstration. The main characteristics of the enzymatic p-NPP hydrolysis used for this methodological technique are discussed.
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PMID:[An electron microscopic study of the localization of the activity of the ouabain-sensitive, potassium-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase component of the Na, K-ATPase complex in the rat brain]. 196 42

This study examined the relationship between aldosterone secretion and sleep stages in conjunction with two aldosterone regulating hormone systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and also K+. Nocturnal plasma patterns of aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), ACTH and K+ were established in blood collected at 10-min intervals in two groups of 6 subjects. Both groups underwent two 9 hour overnight-studies, consisting of one control night and one experimental night. The first group was maintained on a low Na diet and the other was given a beta-blocker, atenolol. Polygraphic recordings of sleep were scored according to established criteria. For the control night, REM sleep usually began at peak level or in the descending phase of aldosterone oscillations. As previously described, PRA reflected REM-NREM sleep alteration, levels increased in NREM and decreased during REM sleep. ACTH fluctuations did not oscillate with sleep stages, but levels were very seldom in the ascending phase at REM sleep onset. Plasma K+ remained almost constant throughout the night. The relative importance of the ACTH and the RAS on nocturnal aldosterone secretion and the relationship between aldosterone oscillations and sleep stages remained unclear. Modulating renin levels by either consuming a low Na diet or administration of a beta-blocker enabled this relationship to be clarified. The RAS dominated aldosterone secretion when stimulated by a low sodium diet. Aldosterone oscillations then reflected PRA oscillations with a delay of about 20 min and the relationship of aldosterone to sleep stages was dependent on the relationship of PRA with sleep stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nocturnal oscillations of plasma aldosterone in relation to sleep stages. 196 35

We have previously shown that procaine and lidocaine stimulate corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion by explanted rat hypothalami. This effect was of interest in light of the fact that both lidocaine and CRH administration to experimental animals can produce kindled seizures which cross-sensitize with electrically kindled seizures, and of recent data suggesting that limbic hyperexcitability, perhaps mediated through CRH, may be involved in the pathophysiology of affective illness. Because a prominent effect of the local anesthetics is to decrease neuronal firing by blocking sodium conductance, we were surprised by the capacity of these agents to cause CRH secretion and pituitary-adrenal activation and wished to further elucidate the possible mechanism(s) of these effects. To accomplish this, we first explored the effect of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) on basal and stimulated immunoreactive CRH (iCRH) secretion by explanted rat hypothalami. In contrast to procaine and lidocaine, TTX inhibited rather than stimulated iCRH secretion. Moreover, TTX inhibited lidocaine-induced iCRH secretion but had no influence on the response of the CRH neuron to procaine. To explore other potential mechanisms of action, we examined the effect of the calcium channels blocker verapamil and of pharmacologic antagonists to serotonergic, alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. The latter was particularly of interest because of structural similarities between procaine or lidocaine and acetylcholine (ACh) and because it has been shown that these anesthetic agents interact with the ACh receptor. Verapamil and blockade of serotonergic, alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic receptors did not inhibit the effects of procaine or lidocaine on iCRH secretion, whereas both GABA and dexamethasone exerted inhibitory effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Procaine and lidocaine stimulate corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion by explanted rat hypothalami through a sodium conductance-independent mechanism. 196 16

The main characteristics of L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) uptake by B16/F10 malignant melanocytes are reported. This amino acid can be taken up by two systems, both of them being saturable. The first one would be system L. This system can be studied in cells preloaded with amino acids that are a good substrate for system L, such as L-methionine or L-tryptophan. The kinetic parameters for L-Tyr uptake by this transport system are Vm = 6.5 pmol L-Tyr/10(3) cells.min and Km around 130 microM. The second system, probably the system ASC, shows lower capacity but higher affinity than the former. This system can be detected only in cells previously depleted of amino acids, showing approximate kinetic values of Vm 0.05 pmol L-Tyr/10(3) cells.min and Km around 5 microM. It is shown that the increase in cell density yields a decrease in the rate of L-Tyr uptake by system L, but this increase does not affect the high affinity system, alpha-MSH does not affect significantly the L-Tyr uptake by both systems. 2-Amino bicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid produces a remarkable inhibition of the rate of L-Tyr uptake, but alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid does not affect the rate of transport of this amino acid. The absence of sodium produces a slight but reliable decrease in the rate of L-Tyr uptake, supporting the involvement of two different transport systems. The ionophores monensin and nigericin enhance the transport by system L, but this effect is suppressed by the presence of ouabain. This finding indicates that the (Na+ -K+)-ATPase is essential for the stimulating action of ionophores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Transport of L-tyrosine by B16/F10 malignant melanocytes: characterization of the process. 198 30

The effect of calcium and magnesium supplementation and the role of opioidergic system was examined in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. The rats were divided into four groups receiving standard laboratory rat diet (control group; n = 9); a calcium-rich diet with 2% CaCl2 added (Ca-group; n = 12); a magnesium-rich diet with 0.5% MgO added (Mg-group; n = 11); and a calcium and magnesium-rich diet with 2% CaCl2 and 0.5% MgO added (Ca/Mg-group; n = 11); each diet contained 7% NaCl. After four weeks on these diets, the rats were decapitated and blood was obtained for the measurement of plasma electrolytes, intraerythrocyte sodium, potassium and magnesium content (RBC-Na, -K, in mEq/L cells and RBC-Mg, in mg/dL cells) and plasma beta-endorphin concentration (beta-END, in pg/mL). In the control group, systolic blood pressure and RBC-Na were obviously higher than in the other groups. Plasma beta-endorphin concentration was 45.1 +/- 13.4 in the control group, 70.7 +/- 17.4 in the Ca-group (P less than .05 v control group), 58.0 +/- 20.1 in the Mg-group and 83.8 +/- 24.8 in the Ca/Mg-group (P less than .01 v control group). The blood pressure correlated significantly with both RBC-Na (r = 0.416, P less than .01) and beta-END (r = 0.436, P less than .005). A negative correlation was also observed between RBC-Na and beta-END (r = 0.437, P less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of Ca and Mg supplementation and the role of the opioidergic system on the development of DOCA-salt hypertension. 200 1

Sodium and water intake and excretion of wild rabbits was studied during intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Icv infusion of 200 and 600 pmol/h for 22 h induced changes in the ingestive and general behavior of animals. Increased consumption of 0.5 M NaCl solution was observed during the day of infusion, accompanied by increased sodium excretion, and food intake was decreased. The rabbits maintained the high sodium turnover, together with a high water turnover, for 2-3 days after the icv infusion stopped. Icv infusion of CRF induced strange behaviour in wild rabbits, they appeared to react with fright to normal daily events around them. The strange behaviour started about two hours after the beginning of icv infusion and disappeared immediately after the infusion stopped. On the basis of present and earlier observations, that systemic administration of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and adrenal steroid hormones induce increased sodium turnover, it is proposed that changes in the sodium and water metabolism might constitute part of the general stress reaction of the body.
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PMID:Corticotropin-releasing factor enhances sodium and water intake/excretion in rabbits. 202 32

The effect of general anaesthesia and arthroscopic surgery on blood glucose and lactate, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, insulin, beta-endorphin and cortisol was investigated in seven horses. Animals were premedicated with xylazine and anaesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and sodium thiamylal and maintained with halothane vaporised in oxygen. Blood samples were collected in the pre-, intra- and post operative period. Induction of anaesthesia was associated with a transient hyperglycaemia and a significant rise in plasma insulin levels. Plasma insulin values fell during surgery but showed a significant increase post operatively. Surgery stimulated a small but significant rise in plasma beta-endorphin and cortisol values but these had returned to baseline values in the early post operative period. No changes in blood lactate were recorded.
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PMID:Metabolic and hormonal changes associated with arthroscopic surgery in the horse. 222 92

1. Human pre-procorticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) was expressed in E. coli strain TG2 as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase. 2. A 140 kDa band which corresponded to beta-galactosidase pre-proCRH fusion protein was identified in lysates of TG2 cells harbouring the recombinant plasmid pre-proCRH (10-196) [ph PPC (10-196)] after sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Coomassie Blue staining. The identity of the fusion protein was confirmed by Western blotting and a two-site immunoradiometric assay. 3. Purification of the fusion protein from isolated, washed and solubilized inclusion bodies was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea. 4. When comparing the adrenocorticotropin-releasing activity on a molar basis, the potency of the chimeric CRH precursor was 4% of that of synthetic r/h CRH (1-41).
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PMID:Expression of biologically active human pre-procorticotropin releasing hormone in E. coli: characterization and purification. 212 90

The influence of micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, lysophosphatidylcholine and dodecylphosphorylcholine on the content and stability of the ordered structure of human beta-endorphin and its 12-26 fragment has been investigated. The structure was determined by far-ultraviolet circular dichroism and the stability by the resistance of the polypeptide to proteolysis with trypsin and chymotrypsin, monitored by HPLC. The alpha-helix inducing effects of the amphipathic compounds were in the order anionic greater than zwitterionic greater than cationic. The protection against proteolysis was very marked, especially for trypsin, and it was proportional to the alpha-helix inducing potential of amphipathic compounds. However, the lower resistance to proteolysis of the highly structured 12-26 fragment suggests that factors other than secondary structure may be responsible for the resistance to proteolysis.
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PMID:Circular dichroism and proteolysis of human beta-endorphin in surfactant and lipid solutions. 214 Dec 84


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