Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been suggested that the well known analgesic effect of calcitonin (CT) may result from an enhanced secretion of opioid peptides. The purpose of this double-blind, controlled study was therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of CT on the opiate withdrawal syndrome. 20 drug addicts were randomly allocated to receive either 200 UI/day of salmon CT (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) by nasal spray, after the abrupt withdrawal of low-dose methadone (20 mg/day). The severity of the withdrawal syndrome was evaluated by means of a score derived from a symptom check-list. Plasma beta-endorphin, glucose and insulin levels were measured before and after CT administration. The subjects treated with spray CT had significantly lower score than those treated with placebo. Beta-endorphin levels did not show any significant variation in both groups. An inhibitory action of CT on insulin secretion was observed. Our data suggested that CT might be considered a useful supportive measure for opiate withdrawal. CT action does not seem to involve the opioid system, but is probably mediated by a direct action on specific receptors or by a modulation of noradrenergic pathways.
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PMID:Calcitonin nasal spray reduces opioid withdrawal syndrome without modification of endogenous opioid secretion. 156 79

Physiological and pathological evidence suggests that opioid peptides may play a role in glucose homeostasis. We measured plasma levels of beta-endorphin (beta-END) and met-enkephalin (met-ENK) in 22 type I diabetic patients and 15 healthy women (control group). No differences were observed in plasma beta-END levels, whereas plasma met-ENK levels were significantly higher (Student's t test, P less than .005) in diabetics than in controls before (68 +/- 3 pg/mL v 32 +/- 7 pg/mL) and 1 hour after, a standard meal and administration of insulin therapy (81 +/- 9 pg/mL v 32 +/- 7 pg/mL). This is the first report of met-ENK levels in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and an impaired feedback of insulin/met-ENK is suggested.
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PMID:Plasma met-enkephalin in type I diabetes. 158 23

In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that increased opioid activity may be involved in the development of hyperinsulinemia in women with obesity and abdominal body fat distribution. Two groups of nine obese body (body mass index [BMI], 30 to 40 kg/m2) women with abdominal (A-ob) (waist to hip ratio [WHR] greater than 0.85) or gluteo-femoral (F-ob) (WHR greater than or equal to 0.80) fat distribution were examined and compared with eight normal-weight controls. Basal beta-endorphin levels were higher in the A-ob group than in the other groups. Each woman underwent two oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, 75 g glucose). A bolus of naloxone (0.8 mg) followed by a constant infusion of naloxone (0.04 mg/kg/h) or saline was also administered during the glucose challenge in random order, and blood samples for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were collected at regular times after glucose administration. No difference was observed in basal or stimulated glucose concentrations between the three groups, nor between the saline or naloxone study. However, basal and stimulated insulin levels were significantly higher in obese women (particularly in the A-ob group) than in controls. Naloxone administration, however, did not significantly modify insulin and C-peptide glucose-stimulated concentrations in controls and in the F-ob group, whereas it significantly reduced (by approximately 47%) insulin levels in the A-ob group. Partial correlation coefficients showed a significant negative correlation between percent variation of glucose-stimulated insulin incremental areas during the naloxone study and the WHR in all women considered together (r = .544, P less than .025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of the opioid peptides in the development of hyperinsulinemia in obese women with abdominal body fat distribution. 161 95

Factors from the neurohypophysis are important in the control of anterior pituitary function. This study evaluated the hypothesis that the neurophypophysis is an integral component of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) response to certain stimuli. Furthermore, we investigated the possibility that the importance of the neurohypophysis during corticotropic stimuli can be classified by the magnitude of the systemic vasopressin response induced. The ACTH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (INS), nitroprusside hypotension (NP), or ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) infusion (20 ng/kg/min) was measured in dogs before (intact) and greater than 2 weeks after selective transbuccal neurohypophysectomy (NHX). INS (0.2 U/kg) resulted in a significant decrease in plasma glucose from 93 +/- 1 to 33 +/- 2 mg/dl at 30 min and a significant increase in plasma ACTH from 53 +/- 10 to 306 +/- 33 pg/ml in intact dogs whereas the vasopressin (AVP) response was small (2.8 +/- 0.3 to 5.5 +/- 0.7 pg/ml). NHX had no effect on the blood glucose or ACTH response to INS. NP resulted in large increases in ACTH from 54 +/- 8 to 351 +/- 89 pg/ml and in AVP from 2.7 +/- 0.2 to 272 +/- 98 pg/ml. In contrast to INS, NHX significantly attenuated the ACTH and AVP responses to NP. The ACTH response to CRF was not attenuated by NHX, indicating normal pituitary corticotropic function. In summary, NHX attenuated the ACTH response to hypotension (large peripheral AVP response) but not to INS or CRF (small peripheral AVP response).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:ACTH and vasopressin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in intact and neurohypophysectomized conscious dogs. 164 14

The binding and internalization of a novel adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) analog having a potent neuromodulating effect, ebiratide (H-Met(O2)-Glu-His-Phe-D-Lys-Phe-NH(CH2)8NH2), by isolated bovine brain capillaries, were examined. Metabolism of [5-125I-His]ebiratide occurred during a 30-min incubation with bovine brain capillaries at 37 degrees C. In the presence of 20 mM EDTA, added to inhibit this metabolism, the medium, after 30 min of incubation, contained 82.3 +/- 0.5% of the unchanged ebiratide. The total binding and acid-resistant binding of [125I]ebiratide increased with time and reached an equilibrium at about 15 min. The total binding and acid-resistant binding at 30 min (as the cell/medium ratios corrected with [14C]sucrose) were 13.07 +/- 0.86 and 5.00 +/- 0.18 microliters/mg of protein, respectively. The acid-resistant binding showed significant dependence on temperature and medium osmolarity. The [125I]ebiratide binding was significantly inhibited by dansylcadaverine, an endocytosis inhibitor. The saturable acid-resistant binding was obtained by the addition of unlabeled ebiratide (100 nM-5 mM), and the maximal internalization capacity (Bmax) at 30 min was 144.2 pmol/mg of protein, with the half-saturation constant (KD) of 62.1 microM. The nonsaturable acid-resistant binding [cell/medium ratio in the presence of the unlabeled compound (1 mM or more)] was 2.2 microliters/mg of protein. The acid-resistant binding was significantly inhibited by human ACTH, poly-L-lysine, protamine and E-2078, a basic peptide, but was not inhibited by poly-L-glutamate, insulin or transferrin. These results demonstrate that ebiratide is transported through the blood-brain barrier via a basic peptide-specific absorptive-mediated endocytosis.
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PMID:Transport mechanism of a new behaviorally highly potent adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) analog, ebiratide, through the blood-brain barrier. 165 Aug 27

The diagnostic importance of monoclonal antibodies assays for peptide hormones in biological fluids and for histological peptide localization is rapidly increasing. In our laboratory a general protocol has been developed for immunization and fusion that has been proven very useful, with minor modifications, for generating monoclonal antibodies against insulin, calcitonin, adrenocorticotropin and parathyroid hormone. Our procedure offers the following advantages: 1) it requires a relatively low amount of antigen; 2) it takes only 16-20 days from the first immunization to the time of fusion; 3) it mostly generates IgG producing hybrids; 4) it involves few manipulations of the animals and no i.v. injections. The widely used methods utilized for peptide carrier conjugation, few guidelines for the choice of peptide fragments suitable as immunogens and some applications of antipeptide monoclonal antibodies will be briefly discussed.
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PMID:Production and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to polypeptide hormones and their fragments. 165 93

We have isolated from chicken embryos a novel 53-kDa protein possessing properties which are similar, but not identical to the 55-kDa PDI polypeptide from chicken embryos. The novel 53-kDa polypeptide copurifies with PDI, but is separated by ion-exchange chromatography. The novel 53-kDa polypeptide cross-reacts strongly with antibodies specific for bovine PDI and cross-reacts to varying degrees with six different preparations of antibodies specific for chicken PDI which is identical to the beta-subunit of chicken prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Anti-bovine PDI immunoglobulins selected by the purified 53-kDa polypeptide react with bovine PDI but not with the beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, suggesting that the 53-kDa polypeptide shares epitopes with bovine PDI but not with the chicken prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta-subunit. Amino acid compositional analysis of the purified polypeptide yielded unique data when compared to PDI and other PDI-like polypeptides. Edman degradation from the N terminus of the 53-kDa polypeptide yields a sequence very different from the N terminus of PDI. This sequence is unique when compared to all entries in available databases. A 20-residue sequence of an internal cyanogen bromide fragment of the 53-kDa polypeptide gives a nearly identical match with human beta-endorphin. The 53-kDa polypeptide is capable of cleaving the disulphides of insulin under conditions where PDI is active. The periodic acid-Schiff assay failed to detect bound carbohydrate. These observations support evidence for a family of PDI-like proteins in chicken embryo and suggest that PDI activity is not confined to only one protein.
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PMID:A novel 53-kDa polypeptide from chicken embryo. 166 Aug 84

The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), corticosterone, testosterone and insulin in serum were measured at 1, 12, 48 and 120 h after partial hepatectomy (PH) or sham operation in rats. After PH the level of ACTH and corticosterone was significantly elevated while that of TSH, T4 and testosterone was decreased and returned to the values found in sham operated animals within 5 days. The level of T3 was unchanged. These results show an increase in the function of pituitary-adrenal axis and a decrease in that of pituitary-thyroid axis shortly following PH with the tendency to return to normal function within five days.
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PMID:Partial hepatectomy alters serum hormone levels in rats. 166 79

We found symptomatic hyponatremia in four elderly patients in which serum sodium (Na) levels ranged from 101 to 122 mEq/l. All 4 patients had low levels of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serum cortisol, and urinary excretion of 17-OHCS, and poor responses of ACTH to exogenous insulin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Other pituitary hormones were all normal. They were therefore diagnosed as having isolated ACTH deficiency. Plasma ADH was relatively high despite hypoosmolality which was associated with the hyponatremia. Water loading test revealed impaired water excretion and poor suppression of plasma ADH. Replacement with 20-30 mg hydrocortisone completely restored the serum Na level and restored the plasma ADH level to the normal range in all 4 patients. Other factors such as decreased glomerular filtration, enhanced urinary Na loss and decreased Na intake were also included. These results indicate that there is marked hyponatremia and that in the presence of hypoosmolality the sustained secretion of ADH is the key factor in causing the impaired water excretion and hyponatremia in isolated ACTH deficiency.
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PMID:Role of antidiuretic hormone in hyponatremia in patients with isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency. 166 14

Several hormones such as 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), alpha-MSH, or ACTH have been found to interact extensively with the immune system. In view of the immune-mediated nature of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, 49 recently diagnosed diabetic patients were investigated in terms of serum 1,25-(OH)2D3-levels, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25-(OH)D3), alpha-MSH and ACTH, and compared with 42 healthy controls. A marked decrease of 1,25-(OH)2D3-levels was found at onset of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes compared to normal controls (39 +/- 2 vs 55 +/- 4 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). Grouping patients according to season (winter or summer) of diabetes onset and blood sampling, it was demonstrated that the decrease of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was primarily present during summer and due to a loss of the seasonal rhythm of this hormone observed in healthy controls (summer: patients vs controls 41 +/- 2 vs 63 +/- 4 pg/ml, p less than 0.001; winter: 37 +/- 3 vs 33 +/- 3 pg/ml, n.s.). Serum concentrations of 25-(OH)D3 were closely correlated with those of 1,25-(OH)2D3, both in controls (r = 0.55, p less than 0.002) and diabetic patients (r = 0.41, p less than 0.05), yielding a similar loss of seasonal variation also of this vitamin D3 metabolite in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. No difference was found in the mean and median values of alpha-MSH and ACTH between IDDM patients and controls, although patients exhibited much higher variation of alpha-MSH levels than did controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes of vitamin D3 serum concentrations at the onset of immune-mediated type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 166 47


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