Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of synthetic 1-24 adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), bovine alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and ovine beta lipotropin (beta-LPH) on plasma calcium and phosphate in rabbits. Equimolar concentrations of these hormones were infused intravenously in intact and thyroidectomized animals. In addition, ACTH was similarly administered to adrenalectomized rabbits. ACTH, alpha-MSH, and beta-LPH all lowered plasma calcium and raised plasma phosphate. These changes were not prevented by prior thyroidectomy. ACTH was equally effective in inducing hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in the absence of the adrenal glands, while adrenalectomy alone raised plasma calcium. From these findings we have concluded that 1) ACTH, alpha-MSH, and betaLPH affect phosphate as well as calcium metabolism; 2) these hormones do not act by releasing calcitonin; and 3) ACTH exerts its hypocalcemic-hyperphosphatemic effect, at least in part, independently of its trophic action on the adrenal glands.
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PMID:Effect of ACTH, alpha-MSH, and beta-Lipotropin on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the rabbit. 17 30

We have obtained direct evidence that shows the cellular formation and subsequent release of a potent inhibitor (feedback regulator) of adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] by adipocytes, upon stimulation with epinephrine. The appearance of such a feedback regulator in adipocytes preceded its release into the medium. During a 30 min incubation, intracellular regulator levels rose rapidly and reached 39-61 units/g of adipocyte at 10 min. Release of inhibitor into the medium increased slowly and was 11-16 units/g of adipocyte at 10 min. Upon continued incubation, the cells at 30 min contained 30-41 units/g of ingibitor, slightly less than the content at 30 min; meanwhile, the medium content rose more than 3-fold. The inhibitor from both locations appeared to have the same characteristics, judging from the purification procedures and the biological activities on hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase was inhibited by the feedback regulator in vitro when either epinephrine, corticotropin (ACTH), or glucagon was used as activator. The site of action of this inhibitor is therefore most likely beyond the specific hormone receptors. A new in vitro action of insulin has been found. Insulin, 50-500 microunits/ml, inhibited the formation and release of this factor from isolated rat or hamster adipocytes by 29-81% after these cells were stimulated by hormones that raise intracellular adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. This factor enhaced the effect of insulin in lowering the adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate levels in fresh rat adipocytes. A reduced formation of such a factor may modify the metabolic events in adipocytes, and some as yet unexplained effects of insulin could therefore be linked to the metabolic effects of this factor.
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PMID:Cellular levels of feedback regulator of adenylate cyclase and the effect of epinephrine and insulin. 17 73

A 51-year-old woman with typical Cushing's syndrome of about 9 years duration was shown to have a gastric carcinoid tumor. Plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol were elevated and lacked the normal diurnal rhythm. Urinary excretion of steroids was unaffected by the administration of either metyrapone or dexamethasone. Fluctuation in urinary steroid excretion, as well as transient hypokalemic alkalosis and glycosuria suggested periodic hormonogenesis. The extirpated gastric carcinoid was shown to contain immunoreactive ACTH and beta-MSH. However, the biologic ACTH activity was undetectable by in vivo steroidogenic assay. By gel filtration, it was demonstrated that both tumor and plasma ACTH was predominately "big" ACTH. Although postoperatively she developed hypoadrenocorticism severe enough to require ACTH treatment, her pituitary-adrenal function was gradually restored. This is the first documented case of ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by gastric carcinoid in which successful cure was achieved by surgery.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoid with ectopic production of ACTH and beta-MSH. 17 2

A radioimmunoassay is described for the measurement of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). The antibody was produced in rabbits by immunization with alpha-MSH coupled to bovine serum albumin with carbodiimide. The antibody did not react significantly with ACTH, beta-MSH, or 6 fragments of ACTH. The sensitivity and reliability of the assay were improved by employing a simple plasma extraction procedure. When applied to a 2 ml plasma sample, the detection limit of the radioimmunoassay was 6 pg/ml. ACTH was measured with a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay previously described for humans and adapted for the rat. The anti-ACTH serum cross-reacted with the biologically active portion of alpha-p ACTH and not with alpha-MSH, beta-MSH or the alpha-p 17-39 and alpha-p 25-39 fragments of ACTH. The detection limit was 20 pg/ml. Plasma and pituitary alpha-MSH and ACTH had the same immunoreactivity as synthetic alpha-MSH and ACTH. alpha-MSH and ACTH contents of the rat neurointermediate lobe were 1398 +/- 360 (SE) ng and 28.2 +/- 2.9 ng, respectively, while in the anterior lobe they were 102 +/- 31 ng and 551 +/- 36 ng, respectively. The plasma alpha-MSH concentration at 8 AM in male rats was 64 +/- 8 pg/ml when the plasma ACTH concentration was 92 +/- 15 pg/ml. Over a 24-hour period two peaks of plasma alpha-MSH were observed, one at 4 AM (142 +/- 35 pg/ml) and the other at 4 PM (139 +/- 26 pg/ml). Plasma ACTH was higher at noon (151 +/- 43 pg/ml) and 4 PM (130 +/- 48 pg/ml). Short-term exposure to ether induced a transient increase in alpha-MSH level 5 min later and a rapid return to normal levels. Plasma ACTH increased significantly 2.5 min after the onset of ether stress and remained high for 30 min. Two hours' exposure to ether did not change plasma alpha-MSH, although a 3-fold increase in plasma ACTH was observed. Haloperidol injection was followed by a large increase in plasma alpha-MSH, whereas ACTH levels increased similarly after saline and Haloperidol injection. Corticoid administration reduced ACTH, but not alpha-MSH. Three weeks after adrenalectomy, alpha-MSH levels had not changed but ACTH levels had increased ten-fold. These data indicate that alpha-MSH is secreted in the rat, and that the regulation of its secretion is different from that of ACTH.
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PMID:Immunoreactive alpha-MSH and ACTH levels in rat plasma and pituitary. 17 89

Gel chromatographic, immunologic and biologic properties of beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) in tumor tissues obtained from eight patients with the ectopic ACTH syndrome were studied and compared to those of pituitary beta-MSH. Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive beta-MSH was found in all the tumors studied as well as in normal human pituitaries. Both the tumors and pituitaries contained immunoreactive beta-MSH of a larger molecular size than the well-characterized beta-MSH of small molecular size. The large molecular weight beta-MSH also predominated in the plasma. It was found to be bioactive by an in vitro MSH assay, immunologically indistinguishable from human beta-MSH, and chromatographically very similar to beta-lipotropic hormone (beta-LPH). Tryptic digestion of the large molecular weight beta-MSH under controlled conditions promptly produced bioactive beta-MSH of small molecular size, followed by the appearance of immunologically active but biologically inert fragments. These results suggest that the ectopic ACTH-producing tumor as well as the pituitary elaborate beta-LPH-like peptide which might be the predominant component of immunoreactive beta-MSH in man.
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PMID:Size heterogeneity of beta-MSH in ectopic ACTH-producing tumors: presence of beta-LPH-like peptide. 17 84

In a group of 32 steroid-dependent asthmatic patients an attempt was made to replace steroid treatment with disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal). Withdrawal of steroids was accompanied by a transitory stage of combined corticotropin-Lomudal treatment for 6 to 8 mo. Pituitary-adrenal function was assessed by ACTH and Metopirone test. Before treatment an impairment of pituitary-adrenal function was found in most of our patients, although in 26 patients a normal increment of plasma cortisol was found after ACTH stimulation. At the end of the combined treatment, 17 patients are now on Lomudal with normal pituitary-adrenal function, 9 patients need small quantities of steroids occasionally, and 6 patients are steroid-dependent.
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PMID:Evaluation of pituitary-adrenal function in patients with chronic bronchial asthma following substitution of steroid treatment with disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal). 17 6

Rathke's pouches isolated from rat fetuses on day 12 were maintained in organ culture for 9 days and investigated immunohistochemically to test whether or not the hypothalamus is involved in the cytodifferentiation of the adenohypophysis. The unlabeled antibody enzyme method demonstrated that the cultured tissue contains different types of glandular cells, i.e., adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-, growth hormone (GH)-, luteinizing hormone (LH)-, thyrotropin (TSH)-, and prolactin-producing cells. Indirect evidence was also obtained to indicate the presence of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-cells. These findings suggest that adenohypophysial primordial cells of rats start to synthesize their respective hormones without stimuli from the neurosecretory substances of the brain which are known to be essential for the maintenance of the secretory activity of the adult gland.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on adenohypophysial primordia in organ culture. 17 57

Experiments were conducted on rats--intact, adrenalectomized and dexamethasone-treated; a study was made of the dynamics of incorporation into the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, the thyroid gland and elmination from the blood plasma of iodated corticotropine of the hypophysis (Hum-ACTHid-28, Richter). It was revealed that the character of incorporation and elimination of the exogenous labeled ACTH depended on the state of the adrenocorticotropic activity of the hypophysis of the recipient rats. The period of semielimination of the iodated corticotropin of the hypophysis from the blood plasma of intact rats constituted 11.2 minutes. The hormone was not included into the parenchyma of the adrenal cortex. The rate of excretion through the kidney and catabolism in the liver of labeled ACTH increased with elevation of the level of endogenous ACTH in the blood. The period of semiexcretion of ACTH-I131 from the blood plasma of adrenalectomized animals constuted 6.4 min. With decrease of the level of endogenous ACTH in the blood due to the block of the hypophyseal secretion with decamethasone elimination of exogenous labeled hormone from the circulation was markedly retarded T1/2 = 17 min). Under these conditions ACTH-I131 was incorporated into the tissue of the adrenal cortex for 9 min. A conclusions was drawn that the period of semielimination of the exogenous iodated ACTH could be used as a criterion for the assessment of the adrenocorticotropic activity of the hypophysis of the animals-recipients.
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PMID:[The relationship between the level of hypophyseal adrenocorticotropic activity and the character of the tissue distribution of exogenously labeled ACTH]. 17 48

Immunofluorescence studies by-means of anti-beta (1-24) corticotropin, anti-alpha (17-39) ACTH; anti-beta-MSH were performed on the anterior pituitary of an at-term anencephalic newborn. They showed small and rare cortico-melanotropic cells, as compared to those seen in the anterior pituitary of newborns. The comparison of these data with experimental observations suggest a possible autonomy of corticotropin function, although under hypothalamus control.
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PMID:[Study of cortico-melanotropic activities in the anterior pituitary of an anencephalic and a normal newborn]. 17 60

The unhealed perineal wound following proctectomy for Crohn disease is a most unfortunate and disabling complication; treatment has been generally unsuccessful and disappointing. Since 1967, we have managed these wounds by skin-grafting the raw surface of the saucerized wound, rather than by attempting to obliterate the cavity. The graft is applied to the defect two or three days after wide debridement and saucerization. No attempt is made to cover more than the readily accessible raw surface. The graft is first dressed on the third postoperative day, and daily thereafter. The patient receives 40 units of corticotropin (ACTH) daily during his hospital stay; the drug therapy is continued in smaller dosage for several months. Results to date have been satisfactory, with seven wounds totally dry, and 37 resurfaced sufficiently so as to make the amount of drainage negligible. Four patients had results classified as poor.
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PMID:Grafting the unhealed perineal wound after coloproctectomy for Crohn disease. 17 64


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