Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

beta-Endorphin and morphine produce an increase in the latency of the tail-flick reflex when administered into the PAG of awake rats. The antinociceptive effect of both opioid agonists was blocked by the sequential local injection of either CTP (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2), a selective mu opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone, or beta-endorphin (1-27), a putative epsilon opioid receptor antagonist, with minimal selectivity. When either CTP or naltrexone was used as the antagonist, the dose-inhibition curves generated for beta-endorphin and morphine were not parallel, suggesting the involvement of separate and distinct receptors. Also, synergism occurred when a dose of morphine producing submaximum antinociception was administered simultaneously with either a submaximal or ineffective dose of beta-endorphin. Inhibition of the antinociceptive response to beta-endorphin by mu antagonists and the non-selective antagonism of both beta-endorphin and morphine by beta-endorphin (1-27) suggested that epsilon opioid receptors were not involved. Additionally, a mu/delta opioid receptor complex was not involved, since ICI 174,864 (Allyl2-Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu-OH), a selective delta opioid receptor antagonist, did not alter the response to beta-endorphin. Thus, although additional characterization is required, beta-endorphin and morphine appear to act (at least in part) through different opioid receptors, demonstrable using selected mu opioid receptor antagonists.
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PMID:Opioid receptors mediating antinociception from beta-endorphin and morphine in the periaqueductal gray. 133 57

The radiation inactivation analysis of Na+, K+-ATPase, (EC 3.6.1.37) from two different sources was carried out using ATP, CTP, GTP and p-NPP as substrates. In the case of Na+, K+-ATPase from the bovine brain the relation between the logarithm of the residual activity and the radiation dose is strictly linear, which permits calculating 75-90 kDa (for 3 mM GTP and 10 mM p-NPP). Duck salt glands Na+, K+-ATPase reveals larger target sizes: 350 kDa for ATP hydrolysis in saturating concentrations and 145-190 kDa in the case of GTP and p-NPP or low concentration of ATP (30 microM). A conclusion is drawn that while hydrolyzing substrates with complex kinetics (ATP and CTP) the enzyme functions like oligomer. The interaction of nucleotide with substrate-binding site of low affinity induces the aggregation of monomers.
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PMID:[Study of the interaction of Na+,K+-ATPase protomers using the molecular target method]. 283 45

The character of temperature dependence of hydrolytic and transport functions of Na, K-ATPase is analyzed. It is shown that the nonlinear Arrhenius plot is typical only of "allosteric" substrates ATP and CTP, the inflection of curves reflecting sensitivity of the enzyme to the phase reconstructions of membrane lipids. The linear Arrhenius plots are typical of GTP, UTP- p-NPP and acetyl phosphate, the substrates demonstrating "normal" kinetics of Michaelis and not providing the active transport of ions. A conclusion is drawn that anomalies on the Na, K-ATPase temperature dependence evidence for the lipid control of intersubunit interactions in the supermolecular complex of Na, K-ATPase which are realized during the active transport of ions.
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PMID:[Characteristics of temperature dependence of Na,K-ATPase]. 284 87

The conditions in which Leu(5)-enkephalin inhibition of striatal adenylate cyclase was observed were defined. It was determined that enkephalin inhibition was dependent on GTP. The apparent K(m) for GTP in opiate inhibition was determined to be 0.5 and 2 micrometer when 0.1 mM- and 0.5 mM-ATP were used as substrate. ITP, but not CTP or UTP, could substitute for GTP in the reaction. Though the addition of monovalent cations-Na+, K+, Li+, Cs+, and choline+--stimulated striatal adenylate cyclase activity, enkephalin inhibition of striatal adenylate cyclase did not require Na+ when theophylline was used as the phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Under optimal conditions, i.e., 20 micrometer-GTP and 100 mM-Na+, Leu(5)-enkephalin inhibited the strial adenylate cyclase activity by 23-27%. When the enkephalin regulation of the cyclase activity was further characterized, it was observed that Leu(5)-enkephalin inhibited the rate of the enzymatic reaction. Kinetic analysis revealed that the opioid peptide decreases V (max) values but not the K(m) values for the substrates Mg2+ and Mg-ATP. Agents such as MnCl(2), NaF, and guanyl-5'-ylimido-diphosphate, which directly activated the adenylate cyclase, antagonized the opiate inhibition. Levorphanol and (-)naloxone were more potent than dextrorphan and (+) naloxone in inhibiting adenylate cyclase and in reversing the enkephalin inhibition, respectively. There were differences in the potencies of various opiate peptides in their inhibition of striatal adenylate cyclase activity, with Met5- > Leu(5)-enkephalin > beta-endorphin. The opiate receptor through which the enkephalin inhibition was observed is most likely delta in nature, since in the presence of either Na+ or K+, the magnitude of the alkaloid inhibition was reduced, whereas the peptide inhibition was either potentiated or not affected.
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PMID:Demonstration and characterization of opiate inhibition of the striatal adenylate cyclase. 724 Nov 39

1. Parotid plasma membrane nonpump low-affinity Ca(2+)-ATPase, which possesses high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity, was characterized. 2. Purified Ca(2+)-ATPase hydrolyzed the nucleoside triphosphates, GTP, ITP, CTP, UTP, TTP (67-93% of ATP) and nucleoside diphosphates, ADP, GDP, IDP, CDP, TDP (12-40% of ATP) but not AMP and p-NPP. 3. The maximum activities of Ca(2+)- and (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPases were obtained in the presence of 1 mM and 0.13 microM Ca2+, respectively. 4. The Km values for Ca2+ in Ca(2+)- and (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPases were 0.2 mM and 22 nM, respectively. 5. The activities of both Ca(2+)- and (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPases were found in the right-side-out-vesicles obtained from the plasma membrane-rich fraction. 6. These features suggest that Ca(2+)-ATPase is an ecto-Ca(2+)-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase.
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PMID:The possibility that Ca(2+)-ATPase from the plasma membrane-rich fraction of bovine parotid gland is ecto-Ca(2+)-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase. 806 15

An ATP diphosphohydrolase was identified in the plasma membranes isolated from promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Both ATP and ADP were hydrolysed at similar rates by the enzyme. Other nucleotides such as UTP, GTP and CTP were also degraded, revealing a broad substrate specificity. Adding ATP and ADP simultaneously, the amount of hydrolysis achieved was compatible with the presence of a single enzyme. ATPase activity was not affected by addition of vanadate, ouabain, thapsigargin, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, oligomycin and bafilomycin A, thus excluding involvement of P-, F- and V-type ATPases. The effects of pH in the range 6.5-8.5 were examined using ATP or p-NPP as substrate. At pH 7.4, the phosphatase activity decreased, and did not show a significant contribution to ATP hydrolysis. In addition, the enzyme was not inhibited by levamisole and ammonium molybdate, excluding alkaline phosphatase and nucleotidase activities, respectively. Sodium azide (5-10 mM) caused inhibition of the ATP and ADP hydrolysis in a dose-dependent manner. Calcium was the best activating metal ion for both ATPase and ADPase activities. Ultrastructural cytochemical microscopy showed ATP diphosphohydrolase on the surface and flagellar pocket of the parasite. We have proposed that L. amazonensis ATP diphosphohydrolase may participate in the salvage pathway of nucleosides.
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PMID:Characterization and cytochemical localization of an ATP diphosphohydrolase from Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. 1186 92

In this study, we describe the ability of intact fat body of an insect, Rhodnius prolixus, to hydrolyze extracellular ATP. In these fat bodies, the ATP hydrolysis was low in the absence of any divalent metal, and was stimulated by MgCl(2). Both activities (in the absence or presence of MgCl(2)) were linear with time for at least 30 min. In order to confirm the observed nucleotidase activities as ecto-nucleotidases, we used an impermeant inhibitor, DIDS (4, 4'-diisothiocyanostylbene 2'-2'-disulfonic acid). This reagent inhibited both nucleotidase activities and its inhibitory effect was suppressed by ATP. Both ecto-nucleotidase activities were insensitive to inhibitors of other ATPase and phosphatase activities, such as oligomycin, sodium azide, bafilomycin, ouabain, vanadate, molybdate, sodium fluoride, levamizole, tartrate, p-NPP, sodium phosphate, and suramin. Concanavalin A, activator of some ecto-ATPases, was able to stimulate the Mg(2+)-independent nucleotidase activity, but not the Mg(2+)-dependent one. The Mg(2+)-independent nucleotidase activity was enhanced with increases in the pH in the range between 6.4-8.0, but the Mg(2+)-dependent nucleotidase activity was not affected. Besides MgCl(2) , the ecto-ATPase activity was also stimulated by CaCl(2),() MnCl(2), and SrCl(2), but not by ZnCl(2). ATP, ADP, and AMP were the best substrates for the Mg(2+)-dependent ecto-nucleotidase activity, and CTP, GTP, and UTP produced very low reaction rates. However, the Mg(2+)-independent nucleotidase activity recognized all these nucleotides producing similar reaction rates, but GTP was a less efficient substrate. The possible role of the two ecto-nucleotidase activities present on the cell surface of fat body of Rhodnius prolixus, which are distinguished by their substrate specificity and their response to Mg(2+), is discussed.
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PMID:Ecto-nucleotidase activities in the fat body of Rhodnius prolixus. 1638 Sep 77