Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied whether endogenous alpha-MSH has a function in stimulating intra-uterine growth in the rat. The approach used was to determine whether or not this hormone is present during the intra-uterine growth spurt, and if binding of endogenous foetal alpha-MSH by antibodies would inhibit this growth. Antibodies against alpha-MSH or ACTH 1-24, either purified or non-purified, induced immunofluorescence in the intermediate lobe of adult male control rats. Using purified anti-alpha-MSH, fluorescence appeared in the foetal intermediate lobe on day 18 of pregnancy, the day that biologically active MSH was first seen. A negative correlation was observed between the pituitary MSH content and foetal body weight only on day 19 of pregnancy. Injection of purified anti-alpha-MSH induced a drop in foetal body weight, but no effect on placental weight was observed. Purified anti-acth 1-24 had no effect upon body weight but caused an increase in placental weight. These results support our previous findings and indicate that endogenous MSH has a function in the stimulation of foetal growth.
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PMID:Stimulation of intra-uterine growth in rat by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. 18 10

The peptides alpha-MSH and MSH/ACTH 4-10 were degraded by rat brain extracts and serum to yield free amino acids among the end-products. Breakdown of these two peptides was double that of a related synthetic hexapeptide Met (0)-Glu-His-Phe-D-Lys-Phe. No significant breakdown of the hexapeptide occurred after incubation with human serum; it also had almost negligible pigmentary effects in vivo and in vitro when compared to alpha-MSH. The patterns of amino acid release indicate possible endopeptidase cleavage at Phe-Arg in alpha-MSH followed by secondary exopeptidase action to release free amino acids. For the hexapeptide, the primary cleavage point occurred at the -His3-Phe4 bond. The stability of this analog in human sera, coupled with its lower rate of degradation in the CNS, may contribute to its more potent behavioral actions in vivo.
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PMID:Biodegradation of alpha-MSH and derived peptides by rat brain extracts, and by rat and human serum. 19 Nov 54

The lead-haematoxylin positive cells (PbH+) of the rostral pars distalis react with antibodies anti-1-24 ACTH and anti-17-39 ACTH; the pars intermedia (PI) is composed of two cell categories, but only one is revealed with cyto-immunological techniques and contains ACTH and alpha-MSH in several Salmonid species.
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PMID:[Immunocytological identification of two cell types in the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis of salmonids: presence of ACTH and alpha-MSH]. 19 Dec 10

The use of anti ACTH (17-39) and alpha-MSH allowed us to detect by immunofluorescence in the Pituitary gland of Grass Snake the site of elaboration of ACTH and alpha-MSH. Corticotropic cells are located in the rostral part of the Pars Distalis and in the Pars intermedia. Melanotropic cells occupy the whole part of the Pars intermedia.
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PMID:[Immunofluorescence identification of cells with corticotropic and alpha-melanotropic activity in the hypophysis of the grass snake Natrix natrix L]. 19 84

The number of melanocytes positive to the dopa reaction in the epidermis was shown to increase after newborn mice were injected with alpha-MSH or DBc-AMP. The agents seemed to induce the initiation of melanogenesis in the pre-existing melanoblasts. Electron-microscopic observation also demonstrated that alpha-MSH induced not only maturation of melanosomes but also the formation of melanosomes.
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PMID:Induction of melanogenesis in the epidermal melanoblasts of newborn mouse skin by MSH. 19 26

The adenohypophysial primordium of Xenopus laevis tadpoles at stages 33/34 to 46 (Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1956) were examined immunohistologically for alpha-MSH, beta-MSH and ACTH. beta-MSH was demonstrated from stage 37/38 onwards, and alpha-MSH from stage 39. No signs of ACTH production were detected. alpha-MSH and beta-MSH occurred in the same cells. No differences were found in the intensity of immunofluorescence between tadpoles which were kept on a black and a white background. The present study lends no support to the hypothesis concerning the derivation of alpha-MSH from ACTH. The observations made suggest that the morphological formation of the pars intermedia is accomplished during stages 37/38 to 39.
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PMID:Developmental immunohistology of melanotrophs in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. 19

Using antibodies against synthetic corticotropic hormones (1-24 ACTH and 17-39 ACTH), and melanotropic hormones (alpha-MSH and beta-MSH), it is possible to identify corticotropic and melanotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of three species of monkeys : Erythrocebus patas, Cercopithecus aethiops and Papio hamadryas. The corticotropic cells are numerous in the anterior lobe in both the adult and infant male and female monkeys of these three species. The intermediate lobe reacts with antibodies against ACTH and also with antibodies against the two MSH. In the anterior lobe, the corticotropic cells react also with anti-beta MSH antibody but not with the anti-alpha MSH antibody.
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PMID:[Demonstration by immunofluorescence of adenohyphysis corticotropin and melanotropin cells in Erythrocebus patas, Cercopithecus aethiops and Papio hamadryas]. 19 18

In the pituitary of the trout, the corticotropic and melanotropic cells display a strong immunocytological reaction with alpha-endorphin antiserum. This reaction persists even when alpha-endorphin antisera treated with beta-1-24ACTH or alpha-MSH are used. In the absence of pharmacological tests on the endorphic potencies of the compounds involved in the immunoreaction, it is not yeat clear whether this reaction is due to the presence of an alpha-endorphin-like peptide or simply an immunologically related peptide without the properties of endorphin. However, the presence of such peptides in the fish pituitary is interesting from the comparative point of view.
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PMID:Immunocytological detection and localization of a peptide reacting with an alpha-endorphin antiserum in the corticotropic and melanotropic cells of the trout pituitary (Salmo irideus Gibb). 20 65

Explants prepared from the neocortex and the fetal zone of the human fetal adrenal (gestational age 13 to 18weeks) were maintained under conditions of organ culture for 7 to 9 days during which time they were exposed to hACTH and various related peptides. Corticotrophic activity was monitored by the daily release of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (3beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 3-sulfate; DHA-S) and cortisol as quantified by radioimmunoassay, hACTH (2.2 x 10(-9) - 2.2 x 10(-8)M) was the most active in sustaining steroidogenesis by both neocortical and fetocortical cells. alpha-MSH possessed similar properties but not at concentrations lower than 10(-6)M, whereas CLIP (4.4 x 10(-9) - 1.1 x 10(-7)M), the 18-39 C-terminal moiety of ACTH, was devoid of activity. Corticotrophic activity with respect to fetocortical explants appeared to be that of maintenance of function best illustrated by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate biosynthesis, while enhancement of steroidogenesis was observed in the neocortex as manifested by cortisol release. Although not eliminating the possible existence of a specific fetal corticotrophin related to ACTH1-39, the data indicate that hACTH is capable of regulating steroidogenesis in the fetal zone which is primarily geared to the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.
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PMID:Steroidogenic activity of hACTH and related peptides on the human neocortex and fetal adrenal cortex in organ culture. 20

The tubero-infundibular and nigrostriatal DA neurone systems of rats respond to systemic (i.p.) injection of alpha-MSH (2-100 microgram/kg). The response of the tubero-infundibular (arcuate) DA neurones, an increase in cellular fluorescence intensity which can be interpreted as a sign of increased neuronal activity, is essentially the same in males, estrogen-progesterone-pretreated ovariectomized females and hypophysectomized males, whereas the type of response elicited by alpha-MSH in the nigral DA neurones depends upon the hormonal state of the animal. Differences between the two DA neurone groups exist also with regard to the effects of peptide fragments containing the two active sites of the alpha-MSH molecule. Results of lesion experiments in the lower brainstem (area postrema) and of blockade of muscarinic mechanisms by atropine further point to differences in the mechanisms underlying the peptide effects on the two neurone systems. The reaction of the tubero-infundibular DA system (which controls the pars intermedia of the pituitary) can be considered to reflect the activation of a feedback mechanism on MSH secretion, while the functional counterpart of the changes observed in the nigral system remains unknown at the present time.
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PMID:Interaction of alpha-melanotropin with central dopamine systems: role of hormonal state and molecular structure. 20 93


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