Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bibliography concerning the interaction of the thymus with other endocrines is summarized. The thymus, the lymph nodes and the spleen of Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted with the method of Bezssonoff and Comsa and the extracts fractionated with the method of Bernardi and Comsa. The animals were (1) normal, (2) adrenalectomized, (3) adrenalectomized and substituted with one or several corticosteroids, (4) adrenalectomized and thymectomized, (5) thyroidectomized, (6) thyroidectomized and substituted with thyroxine, (7 and 8) castrated (males or females), (9 and 10) castrates substituted with sexual hormones, (11) castrated and adrenalectomized, (12) castrated and thyroidectomized, (13) castrated, adrenalectomized and thyroidectomized, (14) hypophysectomized, and (15) hypophysectomized and substituted with one hypophyseal hormone. In the Bernardi-Comsa preparations hormone was determined by UV-spectrophotometry. Adrenalectomy resulted in a significant decrease of the hormone content of the thymus (which was still more attenuated by cortisol) and its increase in the lymph nodes and the spleen. Corticosterone and desoxycorticosterone increased the hormone content in all three tissues, whilst aldosterone increased it in the thymus and decreased it in the lymph nodes and the spleen. Thyroidectomy resulted in a significant decrease of the hormone in the thymus and its quasi-disappearance from the lymph nodes and the spleen. This was prevented by thyroxine therapy. Castration resulted in an increase of the hormone content in all three tissues. This was prevented by sexual hormone therapy. Hypophysectomy resulted in decrease of the hormone content in all three tissues. This was prevented by injections with growth hormone, corticotropin and thyrotrophin. These results were compared with those of histological examinations of thymus, lymph nodes and spleen in the corresponding experimental groups. The consistency was found satisfactory.
Thymus 1979 Sep
PMID:Hormonal influences on the secretion of the thymus. 57 3

We describe a simple radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol, which can be performed in 3 h and which requires no purification, heating, or refrigeration steps. The plasma proteins are inhibited through direct competition between them and the antiserum at room temperature, at which the antiserum's affinity exceeds that of the binding proteins. Plasma, diluted with water, is incubated for 3 h at room temperature with [3H]cortisol and the antiserum. We compared results with those by the usual extraction method. The correlation between methods on evaluating normal samples with one antiserum. We compared results with those by the usual extraction method. The correlation between methods on evaluating normal samples with one antiserum was r = 0.954 (P less than 0.001), and the slope was 0.661. With three other antisera it was r = 0.922 (P less than 0.001) and slope 0.644. Plasmas with abnormal protein concentrations (i.e., from preganant women, and after corticotropin administration), tested to examine the validity of the method for routine use, and to define the role of the protein carriers, showed r = 0.859 (P less than 0.001) and slope 0.726 for the four antisera used. Additional samples, assayed with diluted standards plus stripped plasma, showed a correlation with the usual extraction method of r = 0.945 (P less than 0.001) and slope 1.026.
Clin Chem 1978 Sep
PMID:Simple radioimmunoassay of cortisol in diluted samples of human plasma. 68 3

The rate of release of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity from the anterior lobe of the rat pituitary in vitro increased in respone to potassium-induced depolarization in a calcium-dependent manner. Potassium-induced depolarization did not, however, change the rate of release from intermediate/posterior lobe. These findings provide support for the view that beta-endorphin may have a humoral function and suggest that beta-endorphin stores in discrete pituitary areas are regulated by different release mechanisms.
Eur J Pharmacol 1978 Sep 15
PMID:Release of beta-endorphin from rat pituitary in vitro. 69 83

Human beta-endorphin (betah-EP) inhibits urine flow in rats. This antidiuretic effect of the peptide occurs after intravenous and intraventricular injections. Intravenously, betah-EP is 24 times more potent than morphine. Intraventricularly, betah-EP is 24 times more potent than morphine. Intraventricularly, betah-EP is effective at doses (0.45 microgram) which have no antidiuretic activity when injected intravenously. This fact suggests that one site of the antidiuretic action of betah-endorphin may be in the central nervous system. Animals tolerant to morphine are also tolerant to the antidiuretic effects of betah-endorphin.
Int J Pept Protein Res 1978 Sep
PMID:betah-endorphin: antidiuretic effects in rats. 70 Sep 22

Using naloxone as the antagonist, a comparison of pA2 values obtained from the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle preparation revealed that both leucine (leu-) enkephalin and methionine (met-) enkephalin can be classified as pure narcotic agonists with pA2 values similar to that of morphine but different from that of nalorphine. In addition, cross tolerance to both met- and leu-enkephal in could be demonstrated on an ileal strip made tolerant to morphine by implantation of morphine pellets to a guinea pig for 72 hours. Pretreatment of a naive muscle strip to three increasing concentrations of leu-enkephalin was found to markedly decrease the IC50 of morphine and to sensitize the ileal strip to naloxone as was evidenced by an increase in the morphine-naloxone pA2 value. Met-enkephalin or morphine pretreatment had no effect on subsequent morphine IC50 determinations but similarly increased the morphine-naloxone pA2 value. These results suggest that although both leu- and met-enkephalin may be classified as pure narcotic agonists, their interaction with morphine on the ileal strip is markedly different. Leu-enkephalin may be an important physiological modulator of narcotic efficacy.
Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1978 Sep
PMID:Characterization of leucine and methionine enkephalin and their interaction with morphine on the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle. 70 20

Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 14 daily intravenous injections of saline or human beta-endorphin (2.5 mg/kg). Animals were given one-way active avoidance training on the eleventh day, and analgesia testing on the twelfth (tail-flick) and thirteenth (hot-plate) days. Beta-endorphin had no effect on the number of trials needed to reach the avoidance criterion, but significantly lengthened response latencies. Beta-endorphin had no analgesic effect in either test procedure.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1978 Sep
PMID:Beta-endorphin is behaviorally active in rats after chronic intravenous administration. 71 87

Steroidogenesis by adrenal mitochondria from endogenous precursors is stimulated by corticotropin (ACTH) and is sensitive to the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. In the present investigation the effect of cycloheximide treatment on the metabolism of a number of analogues of the normal steroidogenic substrate, i.e. cholesterol, by rat adrenal mitochondria was studied. It was observed that the metabolism of analogues such as desmosterol, 26-norcholest-5-en-3beta-ol and 5-cholen-3beta-ol (that is with non-polar alkyl side chains like cholesterol), was sensitive to cycloheximide treatment. By contrast, the metabolism of those analogues with polar groupings on the side chain, i.e., 20alpha-, 24-, 25- and 26-hydroxycholesterols was insensitive to pretreatment with cycloheximide. The binding of added sterol to the cytochrome P-450 component of the mitochondrial sterol desmolase was studied. Similar studies on the equilibration time on addition of exogenous sterols to achieve maximum rates of pregnenolone production were also made. Both studies show that cholesterol, a non-polar sterol, penetrated slowly through the mitochondrial milieu to reach the cytochrome P-450 reaction centre whereas 24- and 26-hydroxycholesterols rapidly attained the enzymic environment. The cycloheximide-sensitive process in sterol metabolism appeared related to the transfer of non-polar sterols such as cholesterol within the mitochondria to a region in close proximity to the enzyme. The importance, and possible mechanism of action, of the cycloheximide-sensitive factor in the control of adrenal steroidogenesis is discussed.
Biochem J 1978 Sep 15
PMID:Control of sterol metabolism in rat adrenal mitochondria. 72 74

Immunoassayable beta-endorphin is present in samples of amniotic fluid obtained in the last two weeks of pregnancy. Average concentration is approximately 300 pg. per milliliter. In all cases of suspected or recognized fetal distress, striking elevations of the beta-endorphin concentrations (twofold to 20-fold) were observed. The degree of elevation correlated with the degree of fetal distress.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977 Sep 15
PMID:Presence of immunoassayable beta-endorphin in human amniotic fluid: elevation in cases of fetal distress. 90 Jan 83

Acute intraventricular administration of human beta-endorphin increased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations in rat striatum at a time when the catatonic effect was also present. This effect of beta-endorphin is compatible with increased striatal dopamine turnover and is similar to the effect noted previously with morphine administration.
Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1977 Sep
PMID:Effect of beta-endorphin on striatal dopamine metabolism. 90 30

Intraseptal administration of morphine (70 nmol) or beta-endorphin (0.7 nmol) reduced the rate of acetylcholine (ACh) turnover (TRACh) in rat hippocampus but not in striatum or cortex. These intraseptal injections failed to modify the ACh content and did not elicit analgesia. Naltrexone (15 mumol/kg, i.p.) completely antagonized the decrease of hippocampal TRACh elicited by the two opiate receptor agonists. Furthermore, intraseptal injections of naltrexone partially blocked the decrease in hippocampal TRACh induced by intraperitoneal administration of morphine (70 mumol/kg, i.p.). These data suggest that opiate agonists decrease hippocampal TRACh by regulating septal cholinergic neurons, and that this effect is not associated with analgesia.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1977 Sep
PMID:Inhibition of acetylcholine turnover in rat hippocampus by intraseptal injections of beta-endorphin and morphine. 90 10


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