Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report here that induction of ectoATPase by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is cell-type specific and not a generalized response to aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor activation. TCDD increased [14C]-ATP and -ADP metabolism in two mouse hepatoma lines, Hepa1c1c7 and Hepa1-6 cells, but not in human hepatoma HepG2 or HuH-7 cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), chick hepatoma (LMH) cells, or chick primary hepatocytes or cardiac myocytes, even though all of those cell types were Ah receptor-responsive, as evidenced by cytochrome P4501A induction. To determine whether the differences in ectonucleotidase responsiveness to TCDD might be related to differences in cell-type ectonucleotidase expression, ATP and ADP metabolite patterns, the products of several classes of ectonucleotidases including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases), ectophosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatases (E-NPP enzymes) and ectoalkaline phosphatase activities were examined. Those patterns, together with results of enzyme assays, Western blotting, or semiquantitative RT-PCR show that NTPDase2 is the main ectonucleotidase for murine and human hepatoma cells, NTPDase3 for chick hepatocytes and LMH cells, and an E-NPP enzyme for chick cardiac myocytes. Evidence for NTPDase2 expression was lacking in all cells except the mouse and human hepatoma cells. TCDD increased expression of the NTPDase2 gene but only in the mouse and not in the human hepatoma cells. TCDD did not increase NTPDase3, NTPDase1, E-NPP, or alkaline phosphatase in any of the cell types examined. The failure of TCDD to increase ATP metabolism in HUVEC, chick LMH cells, hepatocytes, and cardiac myocytes can be attributed to their lack of NTPDase2 expression, while the increase in ATP metabolism by TCDD in the mouse but not the human hepatoma cells can be explained by differences in TCDD effects on mouse and human hepatoma NTPDase2 gene expression. In addition to characterizing effects of TCDD on ectonucleotidases, these studies reveal major differences in the complements of ectonucleotidases present in different cell types. It is likely that such differences are important for cell-specific susceptibility to extracellular nucleotide toxicity and responses to purinergic signaling.
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PMID:Cell-type specificity of ectonucleotidase expression and upregulation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 1239 15

A 13-year-old, crossbreed dog presented with a history of recent onset polydipsia, progressive lethargy, weakness and reduced appetite. Blood tests showed raised concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase with marginally low serum potassium. There was a leucocytosis with a mature neutrophilia and no eosinophils. Endocrine tests showed a normal aldosterone concentration and an exaggerated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, consistent with a diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). A diagnosis of adrenal-dependent HAC was made, based on the presence of a calcified mass involving the left adrenal gland, and hepatomegaly, on radiography and ultrasonography. The owners declined surgical adrenalectomy. Medical management with trilostane rapidly improved the clinical signs and normalised the serum chemistry. ACTH stimulation tests showed an improvement in post-ACTH cortisol concentrations and were used to make dose adjustments where necessary. At the time of writing, no adverse side effects had been seen and the dog remained well after 80 weeks of treatment.
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PMID:Trilostane treatment of a dog with functional adrenocortical neoplasia. 1265 28

The objectives of this study were to develop an assay for the direct measure of porcine corticosteroid-binding globulin (pCBG) and to confirm age-related changes in plasma pCBG concentration. Isolation and purification of pCBG from plasma was performed by affinity chromatography and HPLC-DEAE anion exchange techniques. Analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed two polypeptides (54 and 59 kDa) having similar amino acid homology (>50%) to previously reported sequences of seven mammalian species for the first 33 amino acids. Porcine CBG (20 ng/well) was immobilized to microtiter plates and standards or samples added along with rabbit antiserum developed against the purified pCBG. Goat anti-rabbit IgG-alkaline phosphatase conjugate was added followed by p-NPP substrate. The resultant color development was read at 405 nm. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (n=26) of a pooled sample were 10 and 15%, respectively. Age-related changes (P<0.001) in plasma pCBG concentration (n=203) from day 3 through 168 of age confirmed that, in the pig, changes seen in the percent distribution of cortisol among protein bound and free forms around day 28 of age are associated with an increase in CBG concentration.
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PMID:Age-related changes in porcine corticosteroid-binding globulin (pCBG) as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 1274 50

Syncollin is a 13 kDa protein that is highly expressed in the exocrine pancreas. Syncollin normally exists as a doughnut-shaped homo-oligomer (quite probably a hexamer) in close association with the luminal surface of the zymogen granule membrane. In the present study, we examine the effect of expression of syncollin in AtT-20 neuroendocrine cells, which do not normally express this protein. Efficient expression was achieved by infection of the cells with adenoviral constructs encoding either untagged or GFP (green fluorescent protein)-tagged syncollin. Both forms of the protein were sorted into corticotropin (ACTH)-positive secretory vesicles present mainly at the tips of cell processes. Neither form affected basal corticotropin secretion or the constitutive secretion of exogenously expressed secreted alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, regulated secretion of corticotropin was inhibited (by 49%) by untagged but not by GFP-tagged syncollin. In parallel, untagged syncollin caused a 46% reduction in the number of secretory vesicles present at the tips of the cell processes. Syncollin-GFP was without effect. We could also show that native syncollin purified from rat pancreas was capable of permeabilizing erythrocytes. We suggest that syncollin may induce uncontrolled permeabilization of corticotropin-containing vesicles and subsequently destabilize them. Both forms of syncollin were tightly membrane-associated and appeared to exist as homooligomers. Hence, the lack of effect of syncollin-GFP on regulated exocytosis suggests that the GFP tag interferes in a subtler manner with the properties of the assembled protein.
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PMID:Syncollin inhibits regulated corticotropin secretion from AtT-20 cells through a reduction in the secretory vesicle population. 1504 Jul 87

This structured review discusses the current literature on selected biomarkers and their ability to predict preterm delivery (PTD). Among symptomatic women, the likelihood ratio (LR+) for the prediction of PTD was found to be greater than 10 using amniotic fluid (AF) interleukin-6 (IL-6), AF Ureaplasma urealyticum, as well as a multi-marker consisting of cervical IL-6, cervical IL-8, and cervical length (CL). The LR+ was found to be between 5 and 10 for serum C-reactive protein (CRP). An LR+ between 2.5 and 5 was recorded for serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cervical fetal fibronectin (fFN), cervical IL-6, serum relaxin, and a multi-marker consisting of fFN and CL. CL and bacterial vaginosis (BV) both predicted PTD in women with preterm labor with an LR+ of less than 2.5. In asymptomatic women, AF U. urealyticum and a multimarker consisting of five individual markers [fFN, CL, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)] predicted PTD with an LR+ greater than 10. The LR+ was between 5 and 10 for serum relaxin and CL. LRs+ recorded for serum alkaline phosphatase, salivary estriol, serum CRH, serum G-CSF, cervical IL-6, AF IL-6, cervical fFN, AFP, and Chlamydia all ranged between 2.5 and 5. Finally, an LR+ below 2.5 has been documented for serum ferritin, serum CRP, BV, and cervical ferritin.
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PMID:Biomarkers for the prediction of preterm delivery. 1590 Dec 57

Phosphatase activities were characterized in intact mycelial forms of Pseudallescheria boydii, which are able to hydrolyze the artificial substrate p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) to p-nitrophenol (p-NP) at a rate of 41.41+/-2.33 nmol p-NP per h per mg dry weight, linearly with increasing time and with increasing cell density. MgCl2, MnCl2 and ZnCl2 were able to increase the (p-NPP) hydrolysis while CdCl2 and CuCl2 inhibited it. The (p-NPP) hydrolysis was enhanced by increasing pH values (2.5-8.5) over an approximately 5-fold range. High sensitivity to specific inhibitors of alkaline and acid phosphatases suggests the presence of both acid and alkaline phosphatase activities on P. boydii mycelia surface. Cytochemical localization of the acid and alkaline phosphatase showed electron-dense cerium phosphate deposits on the cell wall, as visualized by electron microscopy. The product of p-NPP hydrolysis, inorganic phosphate (Pi), and different inhibitors for phosphatase activities inhibited p-NPP hydrolysis in a dose-dependent manner, but only the inhibition promoted by sodium orthovanadate and ammonium molybdate is irreversible. Intact mycelial forms of P. boydii are also able to hydrolyze phosphoaminoacids with different specificity.
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PMID:Mycelial forms of Pseudallescheria boydii present ectophosphatase activities. 1742 13

Otitis externa is common in atopic dogs and is frequently treated using potent glucocorticoids topically. These preparations can cause adrenal suppression and affect skin test reactivity. The purpose of this study was to determine if an otic product containing betamethasone could decrease skin reactivity in normal dogs. Sixteen laboratory beagles were used in a cross-over, blinded trial. Dogs were enrolled in two groups; one received placebo and the other a betamethasone-containing otic preparation (Otomax) twice daily for 2 weeks. After a 4-week wash-out period, treatments were switched. Dogs were intradermally tested on days 0 and 14 of each treatment period with histamine phosphate (1 : 100,000 and 1 : 200,000 w/v) and allergens common in the area. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests were done before and after treatment to investigate adrenal suppression. After 2 weeks of otic betamethasone, Dermatophagoides farinae (P = 0.0034), Cynodon dactylon (P = 0.0459) and histamine 1 : 100,000 w/v (P = 0.0028) reactions were significantly reduced. Pre-treatment post-ACTH serum cortisol levels and those obtained after both treatments did not differ statistically (P = 0.6362). Betamethasone induced a slight but statistically significant elevation (P = 0.0002) of serum alkaline phosphatase. Despite the increase, values were within normal range. It is concluded that, although otic betamethasone did not suppress adrenal glands, it mildly suppressed intradermal reactions to 1 : 100,000 w/v histamine, D. farinae and C. dactylon.
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PMID:Effects of otic betamethasone on intradermal testing in normal dogs. 1761 Apr 84

Biochemical properties of a termostable alkaline phosphatase obtained from the mycelium extract of A. caespitosus were described. The enzyme was purified 42-fold with 32% recovery by DEAE-cellulose and concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. The molar mass estimated by Sephacryl S-200 or by 7% SDS-PAGE was 138 kDa and 71 kDa, respectively, indicating a homodimer. Temperature and pH optima were 80 degrees C and pH 9.0. This enzyme was highly glycosylated (approximately 74% saccharide content). The activity was enhanced by Mg2+ (19-139%), NH4+ (64%), Na+ (51%) and Mn2+ (38%). 4-Nitrophenyl phosphate (4-NPP) was preferentially hydrolyzed, but glucose 1-phosphate (93%), UTP (67%) and O-phosphoamino acids also acted as substrates. V(lim) and K(m) were 3.78 nkat per mg protein and 270 micromol/L in the absence of Mg2+ and 7.35 nkat per mg protein and 410 micromol/L in the presence of Mg2+, using 4-NPP as substrate. The purified alkaline phosphatase removed the 5'-phosphate group of a linearized plasmid without showing DNAase activity, indicating its potential for recombinant DNA technology.
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PMID:Purification and biochemical characterization of a mycelial alkaline phosphatase without DNAase activity produced by Aspergillus caespitosus. 1770 60

An Onchocerca secretory alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) of molecular weight 90 kDa when in crude extract, but which dimerises to about 180 kDa upon purification, was detected, purified and characterised. The enzyme was found to be secreted by both O. ochengi and O. volvulus worms. It was shown to be of Onchocerca origin by Western blotting with bovine onchocerciasis sera and by its time-dependent release in cultures. The O. ochengi enzyme was purified to near homogeneity by a combination of polyethylene glycol precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. About 0.96 mg of the active enzyme was purified from 48.4 mg of the crude parasite-released products, giving a purification fold of 71.45 and a yield of 8.7%. The purified enzyme exhibited a typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with optimum activity on p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) at pH 10.2. Its apparent K(m) for p-NPP was 0.56+/-0.03 mM and it required Mg(2+) and dithiothreitol (DTT) for stability throughout its purification. Sodium dodecyl sulphate at 2% (w/v) did not inhibit the enzyme activity, but apparently stabilised it during freezing. Inorganic phosphate inhibited the enzyme competitively with an apparent inhibition constant (K(i)) of 3.33+/-0.04 mM, whereas l-phenylalanine inhibited it in a mixed way with a K(i) of 3.18+/-0.03 mM. While contributing to the understanding of metabolism in Onchocerca, the present apparently unique enzyme which is likely to serve in the nutrition of the parasite could be further characterised as a macrofilaricide target or diagnostic marker in onchocerciasis.
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PMID:Detection, purification and characterisation of a secretory alkaline phosphatase from Onchocerca species. 1785 Aug 99

Dexamethasone 0.1% in propylene glycol vehicle has been shown to cause adrenal suppression and increased liver enzyme concentrations in normal dogs. The objectives of this study were to determine if these effects are concentration or vehicle dependent and to evaluate a dexamethasone 0.01% solution. Twenty-one privately owned normal dogs were included in this double-blinded study. Chemistry panels and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests were performed on day 0 and 15. Dogs were randomly assigned treatment with dexamethasone 0.01% in saline, 0.1% in saline, or 0.1% in a commercial preparation (Tresaderm: Merial, Duluth, GA, USA) in each ear twice daily for 2 weeks. Nineteen dogs completed the study. After 2 weeks of treatment, all dogs receiving dexamethasone 0.01% in saline had normal ACTH stimulation tests and liver enzyme values. In contrast, four of seven dogs (57.14%) receiving dexamethasone 0.1% in saline experienced adrenal suppression, and four of six dogs (66.67%) receiving Tresaderm experienced adrenal suppression with three of those dogs (50%) experiencing marked adrenal suppression. No dogs receiving dexamethasone 0.1% in saline had increased liver enzyme concentration, while one of six dogs (16.67%) experienced a slight elevation in alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, it appears that adrenal suppression caused by otic dexamethasone is concentration and perhaps vehicle dependent. Veterinarians who formulate dexamethasone 0.1% otic solutions should be cognizant of potential adrenal suppression similar to that seen with Tresaderm although not to the same degree. Dexamethasone at 0.01% did not cause adrenal suppression or liver enzyme alterations after 2 weeks of treatment.
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PMID:The effect of otic vehicle and concentration of dexamethasone on liver enzyme activities and adrenal function in small breed healthy dogs. 1908 22


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