Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Developmental patterns of immunoreactivity for serotonin and neuropeptide Y were investigated immunohistochemically in the carotid body and glomus cells in the wall of the common carotid artery and around its branches of chickens at various developmental ages. The development of peptidergic nerve fibers was also studied. Serotonin immunoreactivity began to appear in the glomus cells of the carotid body and around arteries at 10 days of incubation and became very intense from 12 days onwards. Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity also appeared in these cells at 10 days, became intense at 14 days, and was sustained until 20 days. After hatching, neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the carotid body rapidly decreased with age and almost disappeared at postnatal day 10. However, it persisted for life in the glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery. Substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive fibers first penetrated into the carotid body parenchyma at 12 days of incubation. These peptidergic nerve fibers in the carotid body and glomus cell groups in and around arteries gradually increased with age, and approached the adult state at 18 days of incubation. Only a few galanin- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the late embryonic carotid bodies. They rapidly developed after hatching and reached adult numbers at postnatal day 10. During late embryonic and neonatal development, considerable numbers of met-enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers were detected in the connective tissue encircling the carotid body.
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PMID:Ontogeny of the carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches in the chicken. 224 52

It has been suggested that the analgesic action of calcitonin (CT) might involve a stimulation of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) release. To verify whether salmon CT modifies the circulating levels of beta-EP, and whether the route of administration plays any role in this response, we have studied 10 healthy male volunteers, aged 30-40 yr. Each of them was studied on 4 different days, after administration of placebo or salmon CT (100 UI) by the intravenous, intramuscular and nasal route, in random order. Ionized calcium tended to decrease, especially after intravenous CT, but there was no change in plasma beta-EP levels, regardless of the route of administration. It is therefore unlikely that circulating beta-EP mediates any biological effect of CT.
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PMID:Salmon calcitonin given by nasal spray or by injection does not increase beta-endorphin levels in normal men. 225 May 63

An analysis of Nissl stained sections of the spinal cord taken from four species of elasmobranch showed that seven distinct cytoarchitectonic laminae are present. These laminae are compared with laminae described previously in the spinal cord of other vertebrates. The distribution of immunoreactivity to serotonin, substance P, somatostatin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and bombesin was determined in the brown stringray (Dasyatis fluviorum), the eagle ray (Aetobatis narinari), the shovelnose ray (Rhinobatis battilum), and the black-tip shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus). In all species, dense immunoreactivity to most substances tested was found in the outer part of the substantia gelatinosa. Many fibres and varicosities immunoreactive to substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and bombesin were found in this region and smaller numbers of fibres were found in the nucleus proprius. Immunoreactivity to somatostatin consisted of coarse fibre bundles that entered the dorsal horn at the nucleus proprius and radiated dorsally to the substantia gelatinosa. Axons and varicosities immunoreactive to serotonin and neuropeptide Y were found in all regions of the dorsal horn but were concentrated in the outer part of the substantia gelatinosa. The distribution of immunoreactivity to met-enkephalin in the shovelnose ray was concentrated in the lateral third of the substantia gelatinosa and to a lesser extent in the nucleus proprius. The distribution of these substances is compared with that described in other vertebrates. Although the sensory information reaching the elasmobranch spinal cord is limited, compared with that of mammalian species, the distribution of these neuroactive factors in the dorsal horn of the two groups is strikingly similar.
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PMID:Organization of the spinal cord in four species of elasmobranch fish: cytoarchitecture and distribution of serotonin and selected neuropeptides. 237 Mar 20

It is well known that carcinoid tumors and some small-cell carcinomas of the lung contain dense-core granules (DCGs). Moreover, a small number of tumors presenting with epidermoid, large-cell, or adenocarcinoma histologic characteristics (so-called atypical endocrine tumors), also contain DCGs. Herein, we describe certain histochemical features of DCG tumors and compare them with other major lung tumor types that lack DCGs (non-DCG tumors). All DCG tumors contained neuron-specific enolase and many contained serotonin. These markers were not present in any non-DCG tumor. Other histochemical markers (glycogen, mucosubstances, corticotropin, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, keratin, somatostatin, and calcitonin) were found in a proportion of DCG and non-DCG tumors, but were, in general, more common in non-DCG tumors and atypical endocrine tumors than in carcinoids and small-cell carcinomas. alpha-Fetoprotein was rarely found in non-DCG tumors, and was never observed in DCG tumors. The atypical endocrine group represents a class of tumors with a remarkably mixed and varied phenotype. Their potential significance is discussed and methods to facilitate their diagnosis are suggested.
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PMID:Histochemical studies of dense-core granulated tumors of the lung. Neuron-specific enolase as a marker for granulated cells. 240 47

A 60-year-old white woman with laryngeal oat cell carcinoma is described. She was a heavy smoker who had been treated seven years earlier with 5,000 rads for a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to a left submandibular lymph node. She presented this time with a two month history of hoarseness and tumor of the supraglottic larynx was found. There was clinical and chemical evidence of an ectopic ACTH syndrome. The histology and fine structure of the tumor were typical of oat cell carcinoma. Immunoreactive ACTH, GRP, NSE, Beta-endorphin, calcitonin, and keratin were found in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells by indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. We could find no previously reported case of laryngeal oat cell carcinoma with ectopic ACTH syndrome or cytoplasmic localization of polypeptides.
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PMID:Multiple hormone production in an oat cell carcinoma of the larynx. 241 85

Thirty cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma were investigated by immunoperoxidase staining techniques to evaluate the diagnostic significance of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), somatostatin (SOM), a-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (a-hCG), serotonin (5-HT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) immunoreactivity as diagnostic markers in comparison to different calcitonin (CT) staining patterns. Twenty three cases exhibited a strong (group I) or moderate (group II) staining intensity for CT and did not need further immunocytochemical proof for classifying them as medullary carcinoma. From seven cases which showed only a weak or borderline CT-immunoreactivity (group III), six stained positively for NSE and four positively for CEA. SOM-positive cells were identified in six cases and a-hCG or 5-HT-positive cells respectively in three cases of group III. Twenty follicular and 20 papillary carcinomas also included in this study did not react with any of the above mentioned antibodies. Therefore, NSE and CEA represent useful additional diagnostic markers particularly for the identification of medullary carcinoma with weak or borderline CT-immunoreactivity. The identification of other peptides may also be helpful in demarcating it from thyroid tumours of follicular cell origin.
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PMID:The value of immunohistochemistry in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic study of 30 cases. 241 31

The medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) is a sexually dimorphic complex with three major subdivisions. The cell-dense central (MPNc) and medial (MPNm) subdivisions are larger in male rats, while the cell-sparse lateral subdivision (MPNl) occupies a majority of the nucleus in females. In the present study we evaluated the distribution of possible monoaminergic and peptidergic cells and fibers within the MPN, as well as in adjacent regions of the medial preoptic area of the adult male rat. For this, we used an indirect immunohistochemical method with antisera to serotonin (5HT), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neurotensin (NT), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), luteotropin-releasing hormone (LRH), somatostatin (SS), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), oxytocin (OXY), vasopressin (VAS), adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24; ACTH), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The results suggest that cell bodies and/or fibers crossreacting with all of these putative neurotransmitters are differentially distributed within the MPN. Within the MPNm, the densest plexuses of fibers were stained with antisera to SP and NPY, while moderate densities of fibers were stained with anti-DBH, SS, CCK, CGRP, ACTH, and alpha-MSH, and only a few fibers were stained with anti-5HT, TH, NT, VAS, and L-ENK. Moderate numbers of SP- and L-ENK-immunoreactive cell bodies, and a few SS-, NT-, CRF-, and TRH-stained cell bodies were also found within the MPNm. The MPNc contained a dense plexus of CCK-immunoreactive fibers, as well as a few CRF-immunoreactive fibers. Both fiber types were localized almost exclusively to this subdivision, while most of the others studied here appeared to avoid it selectively. This suggests that there are relatively few inputs to the MPNc, and that they tend to avoid other parts of the nucleus, although moderate densities of DBH- and NPY-immunoreactive fibers were found in both the MPNm and MPNc. The MPNc contained several CCK-immunoreactive cell bodies as well as a moderate number of TRH-stained cell bodies. Both cell types were nearly completely localized to the MPNc. The major inputs to the MPNl studied here appear to be stained with antisera to 5HT and L-ENK, although moderate numbers of NT- and CRF- immunoreactive fibers were also found in this part of the nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Neurotransmitter specificity of cells and fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus: an immunohistochemical study in the rat. 242 28

Fifteen neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin (Merkel cell tumors) were stained within the constraints of tissue availability by the Grimelius method and immunohistochemically for keratin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), S-100, common leukocyte antigen (CLA), met-enkephalin, bombesin, calcitonin, ACTH, gastrin, and somatostatin. Focal argyrophilia was present in 5 of 12 tumors. All tumors tested demonstrated immunoreactivity for NSE and 5 tumors were positive for keratin. One tumors appeared to demonstrate focal ACTH-like immunoreactivity, but otherwise no immunoreactivity for the above mentioned polypeptide hormones was noted in 11 completely studied tumors. One tumor contained histologically obvious areas of squamous differentiation in addition to areas of Merkel cell tumor. In various tumors, keratin immunoreactivity was present either in areas of histologically obvious squamous differentiation, in randomly scattered single cells not histologically identifiable as squamous, or in a paranuclear dot-like distribution. Immunoreactivity for CEA, S-100 and CLA was not present in any tumors. The lack of met-enkephalin and the presence of squamous differentiation in these tumors indicates multidirectional differentiation in a fashion not phenotypically typical of Merkel cells.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin: an immunohistochemical study of tumor markers and neuroendocrine products. 243 2

The effect of four neuropeptides and acetylcholine on the release of leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 from platelet activating factor-stimulated rat lung and ionophore A23187-stimulated guinea pig lung, as detected by the combined use of HPLC and radioimmunoassay, was studied. Both vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide were found to inhibit the release of leukotrienes in both preparations. This effect was most marked in platelet activating factor-stimulated rat lung, where inhibition of LTC4 release was more pronounced than either inhibition of LTD4 or LTE4 production. The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on LTC4 biosynthesis was dose-related in rat lung. Neither substance P nor beta-endorphin were found to inhibit leukotriene release in rat lung. Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibition of leukotriene release is independent from its actions on the muscarinic receptor, since acetylcholine was found to have no effect in the same preparation.
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PMID:The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide on peptidoleukotriene release from platelet activating factor stimulated rat lungs and ionophore stimulated guinea pig lungs. 243 97

Neoplasms of the larynx showing neuroendocrine differentiation are uncommon, with less than 100 previously reported cases. These tumors encompass subcategories that have been designated heretofore as "malignant carcinoid" and "oat cell carcinoma" and have been associated with ectopic production of neuropeptides and biogenic amines. We report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma that arose in the epiglottis in an elderly man, metastasized widely, and was responsible for death. Immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of serotonin, calcitonin, ACTH, met-enkephalin, chromogranin, and neuron-specific enolase within tumor cells, although clinical endocrinopathy was absent. This case is used as a focus for discussion of the spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors of the head and neck, including recommended treatment approaches for such neoplasms.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx. 243 56


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