Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endogenous opioids have been implicated as a cause of secondary damage after neural injury. The basis for this statement is primarily indirect evidence from studies that demonstrate neurological or physiological improvement when opiate antagonists are given. This study directly evaluates the level of the endogenous opioid beta-endorphin in 15 patients with severe head injury. Levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir-beta E) from ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF) and serum were determined less than 24 hours after trauma. No significant correlation was found with the degree of initial injury, age, sex, or either 6- or 12-month outcome. Levels of ir-beta E from vCSF were significantly lower in patients who had received intravenous administration of morphine sulfate (48.4 +/- 5.8 versus 85.9 +/- 10.1 pg/ml, P = 0.008). No correlation was found between vCSF levels of ir-beta E and elapsed time after injury. Although vCSF and serum ir-beta E were correlated (r = 0.532, P = 0.050), the latter exhibited a different profile; the mean level of serum ir-beta E was not significantly different in those patients who received morphine, and serum ir-beta E had a significant negative correlation with time after injury (r = -0.587, P = 0.03). These results do not support a relationship between acute levels of vCSF or serum ir-beta E and the degree of neurological injury or outcome after severe head trauma. This article, therefore, is a contribution to the body of literature in which the purported detrimental effect of beta-endorphin was not demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Beta-endorphin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum after severe head injury. 199 9

The specificity of the hypoglycemic response to the intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the naturally occurring (-)-enantiomer of morphine previously reported from our laboratory was studied in mice. (+)-Morphine HBr (50 micrograms) caused a behavioral syndrome (scratching, biting, seizures) comparable to that produced by (-)-morphine sulfate (50 micrograms), but did not cause hypoglycemia. Many opioids, at a dose of 50 micrograms i.t. in nonfasted mice, showed either a saline-like hyperglycemic response or no significant effect on blood glucose. (+)-Morphine, ketocyclazocine, U-50,488, (-)- and (+)-N-allyl-normetazocine, beta-endorphin, (-)- and (+)-naloxone and naltrexone caused hyperglycemia. Significant changes from basal blood glucose were not produced by [D-Pen2, L-Pen5]-enkephalin, [D-Ser2]-Leu-enkephalin-Thr or sufentanil in 50-micrograms doses, or by codeine (300 micrograms), levorphanol (400 micrograms) or methadone (200-400 micrograms). Agonists which produced both hypoglycemic and behavioral effects were, in order of decreasing potency, hydromorphone greater than normorphine greater than morphine greater than 6-acetylmorphine greater than oxymorphone much greater than heroin. Morphine-induced hypoglycemia was partially antagonized by the i.t. coadministration of naloxone methobromide (10 micrograms). Fasting for 24 hr increased the sensitivity to hypoglycemic and lethal effects of morphine. D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (5-50 micrograms i.t.) tended to decrease blood glucose in both nonfasted and fasted mice, but these effects were moderate and appeared to be unrelated to dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hypoglycemia induced by intrathecal opioids in mice: stereospecificity, drug specificity and effect of fasting. 235 29

Ten patients were studied before and after autologous adrenal medullary transplantation to the central nervous system for Parkinson's disease to determine if the presence of new catecholamine-producing tissue near the hypothalamus would alter hypothalamic or pituitary function, mineralocorticoid levels, or catecholamine production. No clinically apparent ill effects occurred. Changes in endocrine function were largely short-term and transient: at 7-10 days after surgery, urinary catecholamine levels were significantly increased, PRL levels were significantly elevated despite markedly increased serum dopamine levels, and gonadal steroid levels (estradiol and testosterone) were significantly lower despite unchanged basal and stimulated levels of gonadotropins. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was significantly reduced at 7-10 days after surgery and remained low at 3-6 months. Other changes at 3-6 months after surgery included increased stimulated corticotropin levels and reduced serum aldosterone response to upright posture. The changes at 7-10 days were probably due to stress or unilateral adrenalectomy or both; the changes at 3-6 months were likely due to unilateral adrenalectomy. We conclude that unilateral adrenalectomy and autologous adrenal medullary transplantation to the central nervous system does not produce clinically important changes in endocrine function; however, possible adverse consequences of long-term reduction of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Changes in endocrine function after adrenal medullary transplantation to the central nervous system. 239 80

A sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system which resolves proteins and peptides from Mr 2000 to Mr 200,000 is described. Gradients of polyacrylamide, crosslinker, and glycerol buffered in Tris-phosphate (pH 6.8) are employed. Neither urea nor a stacking gel is required. This system has been used to separate molecules below Mr 3000 which differed by only seven amino acid residues, yet has the capacity to survey masses up to Mr 200,000 on the same gel. Examples are given for separations of myoglobin cyanogen bromide fragments and adrenocorticotropin peptides. Utilizing the same gradient slab gel system in tandem with isoelectric focusing, a two-dimensional separation pattern of mammalian liver cell lysate is shown. A comparison of two different silver stain methods with this system is also given.
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PMID:A nonurea electrophoretic gel system for resolution of polypeptides of Mr 2000 to Mr 200,000. 242 56

The influence of beta-endorphin, somatostatin, substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was tested on the proliferative response of peripheral blood T lymphocytes of nickel-allergic subjects to nickel sulfate. With somatostatin, 10(-6)-10(-10) M, SP, 10(-9) and VIP, 10(-7)-10(-8) M, added 1 h after nickel sulfate, there was an enhancement of the response, while a slight suppression was obtained with SP, 10(-6) M. At 3 days after nickel sulfate, beta-endorphin, 10(-6)-10(-12) M, somatostatin, 10(-7)-10(-9) M and SP, 10(-7)-10(-11) M, gave an enhancement of the response.
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PMID:Modulating effect of beta-endorphin, somatostatin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide on the proliferative response of peripheral blood T lymphocytes of nickel-allergic patients to nickel sulfate. 243 Aug 96

After burn trauma, a very marked endocrine response occurs. Almost all the known hormones take part in it. Their response influences very much the postburn metabolic changes and participates in the integration of the body's response with the nervous and immune systems. In this review, mainly the changes in various hormone levels are described, as well as the possible role of the acute phase response after burn trauma, and the communications between the endocrine and immune systems, the cells of the latter are able to respond to various hormonal stimuli and to secrete various hormones themselves. Some of the hormones are very sensitive indicators of the burn stress, e.g., the T3 levels (very low), testosterone in males (very low), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (very low), ADH, catecholamines, renin and angiotensin II, cortisol (high), 17-beta-estradiol in males (usually elevated). Other hormones are usually elevated, but not always (ACTH, aldosterone, prolactin, glucagon, immunoreactive insulin, beta-endorphin, rT3, 11-beta-hydroxyandrostenedione), but there are hormones that are unually low (T4, FSH, androstenedione, progesterone--the latter especially in females). Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone are sometimes elevated, as well as LH (measured with RIA methods). TSH is usually normal, the biologically measured LH was reported to be low. The levels of the sensitive indicators of burn stress may be used to evaluate the effect of treatment: if the burn patient is properly treated, the indicators may become earlier normal.
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PMID:Endocrine changes after burn trauma--a review. 251 73

Incubation of beta-endorphin with cytosolic and particulate fractions of rat brain resulted in the formation of several peptides, including gamma-endorphin [beta-endorphin-(1-17)] and beta-endorphin-(18-31), indicating the presence of enzyme activity cleaving the Leu17-Phe18 bond of beta-endorphin. An assay for this Leu-Phe cleaving activity, based on the cleavage of the 14C-labeled substrate acetyl-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-[epsilon-([14C]CH3)2]Lys-NHCH3, was used to examine the properties of this enzyme activity. beta-Endorphin-(1-31) competitively inhibited the Leu-Phe-cleaving enzyme activity on the pentapeptide substrate. Over 90% of activity was recovered in the cytosolic fraction. Leu-Phe-cleaving activity behaved like a thiol endopeptidase because it was inhibited by low concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, p-chloromercuribenzoyl sulfate, and low concentrations of Hg2+. Low concentrations of sulfhydryl compounds stimulated Leu-Phe-cleaving activity. The activity was optimal between pH 8.5 and 9.0. The Km of Leu-Phe-cleaving activity in the cytosolic fraction was 35 microM and in the particulate fraction 88 microM with Vmax values of 193 and 15 nmol mg protein-1 h-1, respectively. The apparent molecular mass of the Leu-Phe-cleaving enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to be approximately 200 kilodaltons. These properties of Leu-Phe-cleaving activity indicate that the Leu-Phe-cleaving enzyme is distinct from any known brain endopeptidase.
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PMID:Properties of a Leu-Phe-cleaving endopeptidase activity putatively involved in beta-endorphin metabolism in rat brain. 252 50

Previous reports on patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome describe low concentrations of the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in adrenal adenoma and in a case of feminizing macronodular hyperplasia. Here we present hormonal data from two adult sisters with Cushing's syndrome as a result of pigmented nodular adrenal dysplasia. Corticotropin concentrations were in the mid-normal range, cortisol production was unaffected by administration of dexamethasone (8 mg/24 h), and baseline concentrations of DHEA-S were less than 0.5 mumol/L. A low concentration of DHEA-S in these and other previously reported patients with Cushing's syndrome correctly predicts the results of dynamic testing. Decreased DHEA-S in a patient with endogenous Cushing's syndrome can be ascertained by assay of a single sample and should prompt consideration of the diagnosis of autonomous bilateral nodular disease as well as adrenal adenoma.
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PMID:Decreased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in pigmented nodular adrenal dysplasia. 253 Oct 49

Adrenarche, which occurs earlier than gonadarche in normal children, is marked by increases in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate (DHAS). Adrenarche and gonadarche can be dissociated in various situations, e.g. central precocious puberty, indicating that they are controlled by independent mechanisms. This report concerns 2 children with central precocious puberty secondary to hypothalamic hamartoma. Their plasma basal DHAS values, compared to other cases with central precocious puberty not secondary to hamartoma, remained low for chronological age and bone age over a follow-up of 6.3 (case 1) and 9.2 9.2 years (case 2): in case 1 (boy), DHAS was 9 micrograms/dl at chronological age 7.7 and bone age 13 years; in case 2 (girl), DHAS was 11 micrograms/dl for chronological age 10.5 and bone age 13.5 years. GH secretion was normal. Basal plasma cortisol levels as the levels during hypoglycemia and after corticotropin stimulation were all normal. These data suggest that hypothalamic hamartoma may affect the central control of adrenarche. They may also contribute to the diagnosis of hypothalamic hamartoma.
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PMID:Lack of adrenarche in two children with precocious puberty secondary to hypothalamic hamartoma. 253 41

We examined the effects of transforming-growth factor-B (TGF-B) on growth ([3H]-thymidine uptake) and function (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHAS] and cortisol production) of human fetal zone adrenal cells. Results indicate that TGF-B significantly inhibits, in a dose-related manner, both basal and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated cell growth: IC50 = 0.1-0.25 ng/ml. EGF is ineffective in overcoming the inhibitory effect of TGF-B, suggesting a noncompetitive antagonism between the two factors. Also, the inhibitory effect of TGF-B is additive to that of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). On the other hand, TGF-B (1 ng/ml) does not significantly change basal or ACTH-stimulated DHAS or cortisol secretion. We conclude that, unlike its effect on other steroid-producing cells, TGF-B inhibits growth of fetal zone cells and does not appear to have a significant inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis.
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PMID:Growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-B on human fetal adrenal cells in primary monolayer culture. 254 32


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