Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complementing cytochemical and ultrastructural studies, immunocytochemistry may be used to define, in terms of immunoreactivity, the nature of the polypeptide(s) made and stored in the cells of the endocrine pancreas, islet or otherwise. Immunoserums are applied to histological sections after fixation of the material in Bouin's fluid, and in accordance with four protocols: indirect immunofluorescence, immuno-enzymatic technique, variants in prolonged primary incubation and the method of soluble peroxidase-antiperoxidase complexes. Certain precautions are essential for correct interpretation. In the adult, four essential immunoreactions, corresponding to hormones or "local hormones" are regularly detected:insulin, pancreatic glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide. The cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the cells involved are known (B, A and D cells for the first three specificities). C-peptide immunoreactivity is easily identified, but other immunoreactivities are more irregular or contested: gastrin, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, ACTH, met-enkephalin.
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PMID:[Practical immunocytochemistry of the endocrine pancreas]. 39 37

A variety of vasoactive substances including biogenic amines, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, enkephalin, ACTH, corticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin, and atrial natriuretic factor have been extracted from intra-adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas in men. Some of them appear to play an important role for the development of hypertension or clinical serious symptoms. However, informations on the molecular forms of other substances in pheochromocytomas are still limited, and precise amount of the peptides or hormones in the tumors has not yet been quantitated. Numerous in vitro or in vivo studies of this documented neoplasm over the years have been reviewed in this manuscript. Clinical analyses of early diagnosis, localization diagnosis, treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia, preoperative and operative treatments are also evaluated in this paper. These informations will probably provide additional evidence for the multi-secretory APUD cells of neural crest origin and will contribute the therapy in patients with pheochromocytoma.
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PMID:[Pheochromocytoma--basic and clinical analyses]. 134 92

The concentrations of immunoreactive (IR) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in 218 neuroendocrine tumors were determined by CRH radioimmunoassay. The tumors examined were 86 pancreatic endocrine tumors (PET), 22 neuroblastic tumors (NBT), 26 carcinoid tumors (CA), 24 pheochromocytomas (PHEO), 40 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) and 20 medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC). IR-CRH was detectable in 21 neuroendocrine tumors (10 PET, four NBT, three CA, two PHEO and two SCLC) at levels of 10-2,700 ng/g wet weight (9.6%). The 21 patients with these CRH-producing tumors showed no clinical symptoms suggestive of Cushing's syndrome. The levels of plasma IR-CRH extracted by immunoaffinity chromatography were < 7.5 pg/ml in five normal subjects and a patient with a neuroblastic tumor containing 55 ng/g wet weight IR-CRH, but in a patient with a thymic carcinoid tumor containing 1,000 ng/g wet weight IR-CRH, the plasma level was elevated to 180 pg/ml. This patient did not have Cushing's syndrome nor an elevated plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level. The concentrations of nine peptides (growth hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, ACTH, calcitonin, gastrin-releasing peptide, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide tyrosine and pancreatic polypeptide) were determined in extracts of the 21 IR-CRH-producing tumors. Some of these peptides were frequently found to be produced concomitantly with CRH. The results indicate IR-CRH to be produced by various neuroendocrine tumors, but Cushing's syndrome, due to the CRH, to be very rare. The results also show that CRH-producing tumors produce multiple hormones.
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PMID:Production of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone in various neuroendocrine tumors. 135 72

The fasting plasma levels of 10 vasoactive regulatory peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay in 23 stable patients with chronic renal failure receiving regular hemodialysis treatment (RDT) and compared with those of healthy controls. The plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, beta-endorphin, methionine-enkephalin, motilin, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were increased. The plasma level of calcitonin gene-related peptide was not statistically different from that of the controls. The plasma concentration of gamma 2-melanocyte-stimulating hormone was lowered in the RDT-patients. The arterial blood pressure correlated with the plasma levels of motilin and neuropeptide Y. We conclude that patients with chronic renal failure receiving RDT have increased concentrations of 8 out of 10 measured vasoactive regulatory peptides. The elevated levels of vasoactive peptides may contribute to the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to impaired renal function.
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PMID:Plasma levels of vasoactive regulatory peptides in patients receiving regular hemodialysis treatment. 137 31

Atrial natriuretic peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, beta-endorphin and cortisol are humoral variables characterized by a 24-h periodicity. We evaluated the circadian rhythm of these peptides and hormones in healthy subjects who were young (between 20-25 years) or elderly (between 65-75 years). All were on controlled diets. Blood samples were collected six times during a 24-h period (at 06.00, 08.00, 12.00, 18.00, 20.00 and 24.00 h) beginning 8-h after start of recumbency. The time-related data were analysed by the Cosinor method in order to validate the circadian rhythm and to quantify rhythmometric parameters which included the midline estimate of rhythm (mesor). In contrast to the young subjects, Cosinor analysis failed to reveal a significant circadian rhythm in elderly subjects, for plasma cortisol. In elderly subjects oscillation (mesor) of atrial nutriuretic peptide was higher, while that of vasoactive intestinal peptide and beta-endorphins was lower. The results suggest changes in the physiological secretion of these three peptides in healthy elderly subjects.
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PMID:The circadian rhythm of atrial natriuretic peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, beta-endorphin and cortisol in healthy young and elderly subjects. 138 66

An implanted stimulating device chronically stimulated the left cervical vagus nerve in epileptic patients. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of free and total gamma-aminobutyric acid, homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, serine, glutamine, glycine, phosphoethanolamine, taurine, alanine, tyrosine, ethanolamine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, vasoactive intestinal peptide, beta-endorphin, and somatostatin were measured before and after 2 months of chronic stimulation in six patients. Significant increases were seen in homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in three patients, and significant decreases in aspartate were seen in five patients. These changes were associated with a decrease in seizure frequency.
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PMID:Neurochemical effects of vagus nerve stimulation in humans. 150 37

Beta-endorphin, cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy controls, and schizophrenic patients at the first diagnosis before any treatment and after 2 or 15 d of treatment with haloperidol. Beta-endorphin concentrations were similar in controls and untreated patients, and increased with treatment. Cholecystokinin concentrations were higher in patients than in controls, and decreased during treatment. Vasoactive intestinal peptide was lower in patients and did not change with treatment. These observations are consistent with measurements of the same peptides in autopsy samples or cerebrospinal fluid. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells might be an useful tool for the study of some neuropeptides in brain.
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PMID:Beta-endorphin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and cholecystokinin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects and from drug-free and haloperidol-treated schizophrenic patients. 156 92

Secretion of beta-endorphin from mouse pituitary AtT20 cells is stimulated by a variety of compounds that raise intracellular cAMP and Ca2+. To investigate the role of cAMP-dependent protein kinases in secretion, AtT20 cells were transfected with an expression vector coding for a regulatory (R) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase containing mutations in both cAMP-binding sites. Expression of the mutant regulatory subunit in stable transformants (RAB cells) results in a dominant inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. Isoproterenol (1 microM) or analogs of cAMP stimulated beta-endorphin secretion from AtT20 cells, but failed to stimulate secretion in RAB cells expressing the mutant R subunit. Secretion in response to CRF (100 nM) was inhibited by 80% in these mutant clones, whereas the secretory response to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 100 nM) or phorbol ester (100 nM phorbol myristate acetate) was not inhibited by the R subunit mutation. Intracellular cAMP was elevated in response to CRF (11- to 15-fold), isoproterenol (5- to 10-fold), and VIP (4- to 8-fold) in RAB cells. Similar concentrations of VIP were required to evoke beta-endorphin secretion in either RAB cells or AtT20 cells. As with most secretagogues, VIP-induced secretion was inhibited in the presence of either EGTA or a voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel antagonist, PN200-110. The secretory response to VIP was unaffected by down-regulation of protein kinase-C. These results suggest that CRF and isoproterenol work via cAMP-dependent protein kinase to activate beta-endorphin secretion, whereas VIP can act by a different mechanism that does not involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase-C.
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PMID:Role of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase in hormone-stimulated beta-endorphin secretion in AtT20 cells. 164 51

The effect of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on the release of four regulatory peptides from the anterior pituitary of male rats has been studied using an in vitro perfusion system. Quartered anterior pituitaries from male adult Wistar rats were perfused with buffer containing different concentrations of ACTH and, subsequently, 56 mM KCl. Fractions of 1.5 ml were collected at 3 min intervals and analyzed for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin, 7B2, and substance P, using specific radioimmunoassays. Concentrations of 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 microM ACTH produced increases of 117 +/- 50%, 155 +/- 90%, 163 +/- 14%, and 161 +/- 3% (mean + SE), respectively, of basal release of VIP (P less than 0.001). However, concentrations of 1 microM and 2 microM ACTH suppressed VIP release to 74 +/- 6% and 47 +/- 4%, respectively, compared to basal release (P less than 0.001). Results for galanin release were similar: concentrations of 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 microM ACTH increased galanin release to 129 +/- 4%, 136 +/- 8%, 143 +/- 9%, and 133 +/- 9% of basal release (P less than 0.001) and 1 and 2 microM ACTH provoked a suppression of 52 +/- 7% and 50 +/- 13%, respectively, compared with basal release (P less than 0.001). Doses of ACTH that altered the secretion of VIP and galanin had no effect on 7B2 and substance P release. These results demonstrate that ACTH causes a release of pituitary VIP and galanin in vitro and, moreover, that this is a biphasic phenomenon.
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PMID:Effect of ACTH on VIP and galanin release from the pituitary. 168 92

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin (NT), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are four structurally unrelated neuroendocrine peptides which affect anterior pituitary function. All four peptides appear to be locally synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland and have been shown to be regulated by thyroid and/or sex hormone status. We show here that NT, SP and VIP but not NPY are influenced by adrenal hormone status in the male rat pituitary gland. Adrenalectomy increased the content of VIP (35.4 +/- 4.0 (S.E.M.) vs control 11.9 +/- 1.1 pmol/g wet weight) but decreased that of SP (18.8 +/- 2.3 vs control 36.7 +/- 3.5 pmol/g wet weight). Adrenalectomy combined with castration decreased the content of SP (14.6 +/- 3.5 vs control 36.7 +/- 3.9 pmol/g wet weight) but had no effect on VIP content. Treatment with dexamethasone produced significant decreases in NT, SP and VIP contents (17.8 +/- 2.3 vs control 32.6 +/- 3.4 pmol/g wet weight, 5.5 +/- 0.9 vs control 36.7 +/- 3.9 pmol/g wet weight and 4.2 +/- 0.6 vs control 11.9 +/- 1.1 pmol/g wet weight respectively). The changes in pituitary peptide contents occurred in parallel with changes in mRNA levels, suggesting that alterations in glucocorticoid hormone status can alter the synthesis of these peptides. These results, together with the known effects of these neuroendocrine peptides suggest possible functions for locally produced SP and VIP in regulating the secretion of adrenocorticotrophin and/or other pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The influence of adrenal hormone status on neuroendocrine peptides in the rat anterior pituitary gland. 170 43


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