Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The proliferative response of peripheral blood T cells to autologous non-T cells, a reaction called the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), was significantly increased in 17 patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to age- and sex-matched individuals with other neurological diseases (OND). Following a 10-day course of intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy the values were reduced to control levels. No differences were noted between MS patients and controls in their response to alloantigens. The increased autologous MLR in patients with active MS appeared to result from an increased stimulatory capacity of non-T cells rather than from an intrinsically greater T cell proliferative potential. ACTH appeared to induce a change in the populations of circulating non-T cells such that these cells had a decreased stimulatory capacity in both autologous and allogeneic MLR. The decrease in stimulatory capacity in autologous MLR was, however, significantly greater than the decrease in allogeneic stimulatory capacity, suggesting a functional decrease of specific non-T cell-enriched subpopulations. No significant changes in the numbers of myeloperoxidase-positive (MP+) cells were noted in the blood of MS patients before and after ACTH therapy. Since the autologous MLR results in generation of cells that regulate immune responsiveness, the changes noted provide additional evidence for abnormal immune regulation in MS.
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PMID:Autologous lymphocyte proliferation in multiple sclerosis and the effect of intravenous ACTH. 626 84

Various cytophysiological aspects of the pars intermedia of the pituitary are discussed. Cells containing melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) have been studied under normal and experimental conditions. They react to variations in ionic equilibrium, but without any clear correlation with natraemia and osmotic blood pressure. The MSH-cell stimulation in hypernatraemic mice, which is not inhibited by bromocriptine, seems more specific than the stimulation in hyponatraemic mice, which is blocked by bromocriptine. The existence of a corticotropic cell system has been clearly demonstrated in the mouse (where it is particularly obvious), in the rat and in the cat but its significance is not clear. Although very poorly vascularized, the pars intermedia is rapidly invaded by tracer protein (horseradish peroxidase) injected either intravenously or intracerebroventricularly. The hypophysial cleft rapidly stores the tracer which can be resorbed by macrophagic epithelial cells lying free in the colloid contained in the cleft. Horseradish peroxidase lingers in the pars intermedia but is rapidly eliminated from the other hypophysial lobes after intraventricular (third ventricle) injection. Diffuse innervation of the pars intermedia applies to both glandular (MSH and ACTH) and non-glandular (epithelial and stellate) cells. While aminergic innervation of the pars intermedia is obvious, cholinergic innervation has not been demonstrated ultrastructurally or histochemically. Peptidergic fibres only occasionally penetrate marginal areas of the pars intermedia and seldom establish synaptic contacts with glandular cells. A specific relationship might exist between the pars intermedia and oxytocin fibres in view of the marginal distribution of the latter in the neural lobe. Numerous stellate cells of the pars intermedia react intensely with antiserum to gliofibrillar acid protein, indicating their astrocyte nature, which reinforces the idea of an analogy between the folliculo-stellate system of the hypophysis and the glial cells.
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PMID:Fine structure and cytochemistry of the mammalian pars intermedia. 626 74

The location of renin (EC 3.4.99.19) in rat pituitary was determined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique. By using antisera prepared with purified rat renal renin, an immunoreactive substance was localized within ovoid cells scattered throughout the anterior pituitary. These cells were shown to be luteinizing hormone-producing cells by staining with anti-luteinizing hormone antisera in adjacent sections. By using the double staining method, the renin-containing cells were differentiated from cells containing corticotropin, thyrotropin, growth hormone (somatotropin), and prolactin (mammotropin). These results suggest a possible local role for renin in the anterior pituitary.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of renin in luteinizing hormone-producing cells of rat pituitary. 627 80

The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method was applied to semithin (0.5-1 micron) plastic-embedded sections of intact male rat pituitaries with the use of techniques previously developed for the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) method. Stains for adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were cleaner, more reliable, and more efficient. The ABC method allowed the use of the same high dilutions of primary antisera used with the PAP method. Incubation time was cut to a third of the time used for the PAP stain. Furthermore, if the incubation time matched that used with the PAP method, (24-48 hr), the antisera could be diluted 2- to 4-fold further. This enhanced specific staining and allowed the use of dilutions similar to those used in the radioimmunoassay. In agreement with Hsu and Raine (J Histochem Cytochem 29:1349, 1981), the ABC method produced staining after only a 1-4 hr incubation in primary antibody that was diluted optimally for the PAP complex method. The stain was weak, however, and cell counts showed that it was restricted to the fraction of the specific cell population which stored the most hormone. Our tests showed that the most convenient incubation times for optimal staining were 12-16 hr. Furthermore, the ABC method appeared to stabilize greatly the reaction for FSH and thus improved its precision and reliability.
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PMID:Application of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method to the light microscopic localization of pituitary hormones. 628 53

The purpose of this study was to determine if enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was present in the glomus cells of the carotid and aortic body peripheral arterial chemoreceptors. Cat carotid and aortic bodies were reacted with antisera to met- and leu-enkephalin using the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method of Sternberger (1979). Both the carotid and aortic bodies demonstrated clusters of immunoreactive cells for both met- and leu-enkephalin. Additionally, met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was observed in many of the dense-core vesicles of the glomus cells of the carotid body. The glomus cells of these chemoreceptors are known to contain catecholamines which may modulate chemoreceptor activity. The presence of opioid peptide-like substances co-existing with the glomus cell catecholamines, perhaps in the same vesicles, may have important implications for a trophic influence of these peptides on glomus cell chemoreceptor modulation.
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PMID:Localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the cat carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors. 629 31

Iodinated native bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH(1-84)) was separated from uniodinated hormone by reversed-phase liquid chromatography techniques after lactoperoxidase labeling. Analysis of iodinated residues after enzymatic digestion indicated that the major labeled product was largely monoiodinated on the sole tyrosine residue. This material retained full bioactivity in an in vitro renal adenylate cyclase assay. Binding of 125I-bPTH(1-84) to rabbit renal membranes at 4 degrees C was proportional to membrane protein concentration and was saturable and dissociable. Radioligand binding was inhibited by concentrations of unlabeled bPTH(1-84) required to stimulate adenylate cyclase in the same membrane preparation but was not inhibited by non-PTH peptides other than adrenocorticotropin at high concentrations (greater than 10 microM). Synthetic NH2-terminal analogues of bPTH(1-84) all elicited approximately equivalent inhibition of radioligand binding which was, however, less potent than unlabeled bPTH(1-84), suggesting a role for the carboxyl region of the molecule in the interaction of bPTH(1-84) with its receptor. Activity of the NH2-terminal agonists was similar to bPTH(1-84) in stimulating adenylate cyclase. Although substitution in sequence position one, of serine in human PTH(1-34) for alanine in bPTH(1-34), reduced activity in the adenylate cyclase assay, inhibition of 125I-bPTH(1-84) binding by both peptides and by an analogue of bPTH(3-34) was equivalent, consistent with a minimal contribution of the first 2 residues for receptor binding of the NH2-terminal region of PTH. The results illustrate the utility of the radiolabeled preparation of native bPTH we have developed and emphasize the importance of probing the PTH receptor with an intact hormone to maximize information concerning the mechanism of PTH action.
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PMID:Characterization of the rabbit renal receptor for native parathyroid hormone employing a radioligand purified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. 629 18

Immunohistochemical localization of gamma-MSH was studied in human and rat hypothalamus by peroxidase-labeled antibody method both at light and electron microscopic levels. Human and rat hypothalamus contained immunoreactive gamma-MSH neurons and varicose nerve fibers. The distribution of gamma-MSH-positive nerve fibers was similar to that of beta-endorphin previously reported. By our "re-staining method," gamma-MSH and ACTH were localized in the same neurons and nerve fibers. In the rat, the immunologic staining of gamma-MSH in hypothalamic neurons and nerve fibers was not diminished after hypophysectomy. These findings strongly suggest the possibility of actual precursor production in the hypothalamus which is similar to that in the anterior pituitary. The presence of gamma-MSH at the synapse-like structure of the nerve terminal may indicate that gamma-MSH could function as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical localization of gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH)-like immunoreactivity in human and rat hypothalamus. 629 33

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), injected into the rat caudal medulla oblongata, was detected by immunoperoxidase staining in 120 microns frozen sections, allowing examination of both the distribution and morphology of transporting neurons. In the hypothalamus, several groups of HRP-labeled neurons could be distinguished on the basis of location of the neurons, neural cell size and morphology of the neural processes. Most HRP-labeled neurons were found in the posterior half of the hypothalamus, although scattered single neurons were present as far rostral as the anterior hypothalamus and preoptic area. Prominent groups of HRP-labeled neurons were found in the paraventricular, dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei, near the fornix at two separate levels, and in the lateral posterior hypothalamus. Based on comparison with peptide immunohistochemistry it seems likely that many magnocellular oxytocin, vasopressin and neurophysin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus, and a few ACTH/beta-endorphin neurons in the arcuate nucleus may project to the caudal medulla oblongata.
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PMID:Hypothalamic neurons projecting to the rat caudal medulla oblongata, examined by immunoperoxidase staining of retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase. 630

The organization of the projection from the pretectal region to the inferior olive in the cat was studied by means of retrograde protein tracing and experimental degeneration. Small injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into various parts of the inferior olive from a ventral approach. The number of nerve cells in the pretectal nuclei retrogradely labelled with HRP was counted and put in relation to the site of injection. Labelled cells were only found in the posterior pretectal nucleus (NPP), the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) and the anterior pretectal nucleus (NPA). Most labelled cells were found in NPP and NOT in cases in which the rostral or caudal levels of the principal olive were labelled by the injection. NAP labelling occurred in one case with a very rostral injection of the inferior olive. Unilateral electrolytical destruction of the pretectal region produced terminal degeneration in the ipsilateral inferior olive. The heaviest ipsilateral degeneration was found in the upper half of the principal and dorsal accessory olives, and caudally in the ventrolateral outgrowth, the dorsal cap and nucleus beta with the adjacent part of the medial accessory olive. Some functional implications of the findings are discussed.
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PMID:Olivary afferents from the pretectal nuclei in the cat. 632 Jun 90

Antisera against proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides have previously been employed to demonstrate immunostainable materials in the male reproductive tract and in the corpus luteum of rat ovary. The present study was designed to determine how the distribution of such stainable materials varies in mouse ovary as a function of the reproductive status of the animal. Peptide-like activities were localized with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique in ovaries removed from mice during fetal and neonatal development, during different stages of estrous cycle, and during pregnancy, with antisera against beta-endorphin, gamma 3MSH, and an extended N-terminal portion of POMC (16 K). beta-endorphin-like activity was also quantified in ovarian extracts by RIA. Immunostainable beta-endorphin, gamma 3MSH, and 16 K fragment-like activities were present in ovaries of pregnant and normally cycling (but not immature) mice. Intense staining was found predominantly in the corpora lutea. Less intense staining was observed in the interstitium and in the following parts of large follicles: parietal granulosa, corona radiata, and cumulus oophorus. When neonatal mice were injected with hCG, immunostainable beta-endorphin-like material in the ovarian interstitial area increased. Treatment with PMSG increased staining in both secondary follicles and the interstitium. Immunoassayable beta-endorphin-like activity was twice as high (per g wet wt) at pregnancy as during the cycle. We conclude that peptides similar or identical to POMC and/or its components are present in ovarian cells and that the concentration of such material appears to be regulated by gonadotropins.
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PMID:Demonstration of immunoreactive beta-endorphin- and gamma 3-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-related peptides in the ovaries of neonatal, cyclic, and pregnant mice. 632 60


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