Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antisera raised against chum salmon prolactin (PRL), trout growth hormone (GH), mammalian adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and alpha-melanophore-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) were used to localize PRL, GH, ACTH, gonadotropic, TSH, and MSH cells in the hypophysis of the teleost Dicentrarchus labrax using the unlabeled peroxidase anti-peroxidase method. In the rostral pars distalis, ACTH cells stained very intensively with anti-ACTH; so did the MSH cells in the pars intermedia. The prolactin cells stained very specifically with anti-prolactin without staining the growth hormone cells. In the proximal pars distalis anti-GH, anti-TSH beta, and anti-LH stained selectively the corresponding cells; with these antisera no cross-reaction with any other cell type was observed. Anti-alpha-MSH only stained cells in the pars intermedia. Some cells in the pars intermedia did not react at all; these could correspond to the PAS-positive cells. A characteristic feature was positive staining with anti-LH in some cell groups encircling the pars intermedia, indicating the fact that in the seabass some cells of the proximal pars distalis surround the pars intermedia.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical identification and localization of the different cell types in the pituitary of the seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 300 72

By the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, the authors studied 7 malignant choroidal melanomas, 7 conjunctival nevi and 1 malignant conjunctival melanoma with the aim to detect the presence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gastrin, estradiol and testosterone. Positive staining reaction for VIP, estradiol and testosterone was observed in both malignant melanomas of the choroid and conjunctival nevi. The case of conjunctival melanoma was positive for VIP and ACTH but not for estradiol and gastrin.
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PMID:Steroids and neuroendocrine hormones detected by the immunoperoxidase technique from malignant melanomas and nevi of the choroid and conjunctiva. 301 Feb 9

One hundred and forty human fetal pituitary glands were removed from fetuses at 7-40 weeks of gestation and studied by light microscopy and immunocytochemistry to localize adenohypophysial hormones. For immunocytology, the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique was more sensitive and identified hormones in younger fetuses than did the immunoperoxidase method. Adrenocorticotrophin, beta-endorphin, and growth hormone were the first hormones detected; they were identified by intense cytoplasmic immunopositivity at 8 weeks of gestation. Between 10 and 20 weeks, many growth hormone containing cells were large and showed scattered, faint positivity; after 20 weeks, smaller cells with intense positivity predominated. alpha-Subunit of the glycoprotein hormones was identified at 9 weeks of development; beta-subunits of thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone appeared by 12 weeks. Gonadotrophs differed in numbers related to fetal age and sex. From 15 to 25 weeks, glands of female fetuses contained more gonadotrophs than did those of males; after 25 weeks, there was no significant difference in total gonadotroph numbers. Throughout gestation, adenohypophyses of male fetuses had more luteinizing hormone containing cells than follicle-stimulating hormone containing cells; pituitaries of females had approximately the same numbers of follicle-stimulating hormone containing and luteinizing hormone containing cells. Prolactin was identified in few small cells at 12 weeks; at term, prolactin-containing cells were numerous, comparable to those seen in the hyperplasia of maternal glands in late gestation and during lactation. This comprehensive study indicates morphologic correlations with pituitary hormone extraction data and with the appearance of the various hormones in the fetal circulation.
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PMID:Human fetal adenohypophysis. Histologic and immunocytochemical analysis. 301 83

A dispersed descending pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) fiber system has been demonstrated by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemistry in the adult rat spinal cord. beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and 16K immunoreactive fibers exist in the spinal cord from cervical down to sacral level. Descending fibers running parallel in the dorsolateral and lateral funiculus send collaterals ventromedially or medially to terminate in the gray matter surrounding the central canal, where nociceptive neurons have recently been located, in addition to those nociceptive cells in the dorsal horn. After spinal transection at lower thoracic level, POMC peptide immunoreactivities disappeared below the lesion. Moreover, no POMC cell bodies were found in the spinal cord. Therefore, the descending fibers are most likely of supraspinal origin.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides in the adult rat spinal cord. 301 2

Wistar rats were given intravenous (i.v.) horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in saline in doses commonly used to study vascular permeability and the blood-brain barrier. Samples of blood were taken from conscious animals via indwelling catheters at intervals up to 6 h after the HRP injection. Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone were determined and compared with levels in control rats injected with saline alone. Rats injected with saline only presented levels of hormones within the low limits of normal indicating an insignificant influence of stress induced by the experimental procedure. Within 30 min of the i.v. HRP injection, the plasma concentrations of both ACTH and corticosterone increased to very high levels and remained so throughout the period of observation, namely 6 h. The time course of the changes in the concentrations was the same for the two hormones and the actual numerical values were related to the dose of HRP injected. The i.v. injection of HRP in Wistar rats, therefore, induces a marked release of stress hormones which by themselves have profound physiological effects. This phenomenon must be taken into account, in studies on normal vascular permeability using HRP as a tracer and also in similar experiments exploring various pathological conditions of the blood-brain barrier.
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PMID:Intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase in the rat stimulates corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone release. 303 40

The possible production of the opioid polypeptide beta-endorphin (beta-EP) was investigated in paraffin-embedded tissue from 17 ovarian tumors with the use of a specific anti-beta-EP antibody and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase staining technique. Only sex cord-stromal tumors (ten cases) showed positive staining. Strong beta-EP immunoreactivity was present in Leydig's cells of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors; weaker sporadic staining was present in cells of granulosa cell tumors, and faint staining was present in occasional, luteinized theca cells of fibrothecomata. These findings suggest that cells with the sex cord-stromal phenotype that are capable of steroid production can also produce beta-EP. The latter may be a component of the "functional" status associated with some ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and may serve as a helpful marker in distinguishing this type of tumors from germ cell or epithelial neoplasms.
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PMID:Immunoreactive beta-endorphin in ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. 303 26

Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, we showed the presence of peptides which are immunologically resembling mammalian corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF)-, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-, beta-endorphin (beta-END)-, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-, methionine-enkephalin (met-ENK)- and leucine enkephalin (leu-ENK)- like immunoreactivity in hundreds to thousands of endocrine cells and nerve fibers in the midgut of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. In the cockroach hindgut no immunoreactive cell bodies could be observed, although nerve fibers were clearly noticed to be recognized by antisera to CRF, ACTH1-24, ACTH11-24 and beta-END. Nothing is exactly known as to the function(s) of the demonstrated materials, but one can speculate that these numerous immunoreactive cells, might have important paracrine and/or endocrine functions in the insect physiology.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of proopiomelanocortin- and other opioid-related substances and a CRF-like peptide in the gut of the american cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. 303 73

Opioid peptides have been shown to modulate the function of cells associated with host defense. Both opiate and nonopiate receptor mechanisms have been shown to mediate cell responses to these peptides. In this study we used a ferricytochrome C reduction microassay to measure superoxide (O2-) production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after stimulation with beta-endorphin (beta-END). beta-END was found to stimulate O2- release at concentrations from 10(-14) to 10(-8) M; the peak response occurred at 10(-12) M. A microassay based on the horseradish peroxidase-mediated oxidation of phenol red was used to demonstrate the production of hydrogen peroxide H2O2, by beta-END at 10(-12) M. The accumulation of H2O2 was reduced by the inhibitor, nitroprusside, and by the converting enzyme, catalase. The accumulation of O2- in response to the potent chemotactic peptide formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine was studied and a distinctly different dose-response profile with a peak response at 10(-8) M was observed. Because beta-END can apparently bind to and activate cellular functions by nonopiate receptors, N-acetyl-beta-END was tested. At doses between 10(-14) and 10(-8) M, it failed to effect O2- accumulation. Moreover, (-)-naloxone 10(-12) M was shown to completely abolish the stimulatory effect of equimolar beta-END whereas (+)-naloxone was entirely ineffective. At 10(-8) M both stereoisomers also failed to inhibit formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine 10(-8) M. Thus, at the picomolar concentration present in the human systemic circulation, beta-END activates oxygen metabolism by polymorphonuclear leukocytes through stereoselective, naloxone-sensitive opiate receptors.
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PMID:Beta-endorphin stimulates human polymorphonuclear leukocyte superoxide production via a stereoselective opiate receptor. 303 21

The immunocytochemical technology in our laboratory has evolved in response to specific needs for more efficient, refined stains for each antigen. The rationale for the application of each of the immunocytochemical techniques used today is described, and detailed methods are given. In the early 1970s, it was determined that the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) stain provided the most sensitive means of detection of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) at the electron microscope level even in tissues prepared with conventional fixation and embedding techniques that are considered rather harsh for the maintenance of antigenicity. Application of the same PAP complex technique to the larger glycoprotein antigens, like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), however, proved far more difficult; and the problem was resolved partially when more gentle fixation-embedding protocols were applied. The production of an efficient, reliable stain for FSH was achieved only with the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) stains were applied in the early 1980s. This technique also allowed more efficient reactions for all the antigens, and morphometric data could thereby be collected more rapidly. Thus, we concluded that the light microscope immunoperoxidase techniques were excellent for the morphometric analysis of pituitary cell types in both pre-embedding and postembedding stains. However, the need for a more refined stain for its quantification at the electron microscope level on individual organelles led to the development of the colloidal gold stain in 1983-1984. This technique, which is new to our laboratory, is also described and illustrated in this report. Also included is a description of our studies of the effect of fixation and embedding processes on hormone antigenicity and techniques used to control background and nonspecific reactions. It is hoped that the novice will find the description of the rationale for the evolution of technology in our laboratory useful in making choices for his or her own immunocytochemical stains.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical studies of pituitary hormones with PAP, ABC, and immunogold techniques: evolution of technology to best fit the antigen. 308 66

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-containing afferents to the rat lateral septum (LS) have been determined by means of cobalt-enhanced immunohistochemistry, tracing of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and by lesioning experiments. When unilateral lesions included the rostral part of the hypothalamus, CRF-like immunoreactive (CRFI) ipsilateral fibers in the LS decreased in number. Lesions in other brain regions did not cause alterations in the septal CRFI fibers. These findings suggest that the septal CRFI fibers originate in the rostral part of the hypothalamus. Furthermore, combined HRP and immunohistochemical staining on the same sections demonstrated double-labeled cells in two discrete areas within the rostral hypothalamus: one was the perifornical hypothalamic area (PeF) at the level of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and the other was the most caudal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHc). These findings show that a large proportion of the CRFI projections to the LS have their origins in the PeF and AHc.
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PMID:Corticotropin releasing factor-containing afferents to the lateral septum of the rat brain. 325 89


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