Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Isoaspartate-containing versions of sea urchin sperm-activating peptide, delta sleep-inducing peptide, and lactate dehydrogenase (231-242) were cleaved at internal sites by carboxypeptidase Y. Cleavage occurred between the isoaspartate and the preceding amino acid, and it was accompanied by sequential digestion of amino acids from the two resulting carboxyl termini. Because the isoaspartyl bonds were not cleaved, isoaspartyl dipeptides were among the final products. The rate of release of isoaspartyl dipeptides was different for the three peptides, a 24-h digestion yielding 0.32 mol of isoaspartylglycine/mol of isoaspartyl sperm-activating peptide, 0.50 mol of isoaspartylalanine/mol of isoaspartyl delta sleep-inducing peptide, and 1.15 mol of isoaspartylserine/mol of isoaspartyl lactate dehydrogenase (231-242). The different rates could be explained by the slow cleavage of amino acids preceded by glycine. Isoaspartyl dipeptides were not detected in digests of the corresponding aspartate- or asparagine-containing forms of the peptides. Release of isoaspartyl dipeptides by carboxypeptidase Y was used to demonstrate the presence of isoaspartylglycine sequences in deamidated adrenocorticotropin (0.54 mol/mol), in a mixture of trypic fragments of base-treated calmodulin (0.20 mol/mol), and in a mixture of tryptic fragments of base-treated triosephosphate isomerase (0.08 mol/mol). These results confirm earlier work suggesting that isoaspartylglycine formation is prevalent in proteins exposed to alkaline conditions. They also provide a methodology that should prove useful in the characterization of natural substrates for protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase.
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PMID:Fragmentation of isoaspartyl peptides and proteins by carboxypeptidase Y: release of isoaspartyl dipeptides as a result of internal and external cleavage. 214 Sep 48

We studied the testis of Wistar rats weighing 280-300 gms. following the administration of a single, acute intracardiac dose of methionine-enkephalin (100 microliters of 50% met-enkephalin solution), or a chronic intramuscular dose (50 microliters of 40% met-enkephalin solution). Rats were sacrificed at 15, 30 and 60 minutes following acute injection. Those on chronic treatment were injected once daily for 10 or 20 days. For the study, we utilized 105 male Wistar rats; 30 comprised the control group, and 75 comprised the study group. The following staining methods were used: 1) succinate dehydrogenase, 2) lactate dehydrogenase, 3) ATPase, 4) acid phosphatase, 5) alkaline phosphatase. We observed marked histoenzymological changes in the rat testis. Particularly noteworthy was a marked change in the energy pathways consisting of a decreased activity of aerobic pathways (decreased SDH activity), increased anaerobic activity (increased LDH activity), and consequently, decreased cellular energy stores (decreased ATPase activity). Similarly, changes were observed in other nonspecific enzymes that led to a fall in acid phosphatase activity and a rise in alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:[Effects of met-enkephalin on the testis. III. Histoenzymatic study]. 253 59

Changes in the blood and the behaviour of 14 growing pigs from 4 different litters were evaluated under different experimental conditions of blood sampling, grouping and adrenal stimulation. The results showed that the different techniques of blood sampling influenced lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities. Cortisol, proteins and CK levels were negatively correlated with social hierarchy after regrouping. Cortisol was also correlated with total activity levels. Adrenal stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration caused a sharp increase in plasma cortisol levels. However, plasma glucose, plasma proteins and total leukocyte counts were not affected by the ACTH treatment.
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PMID:Effects of blood sampling procedures, grouping and adrenal stimulation on stress responses in the growing pig. 253 97

Coordinate secretion of two prohormone/proneuropeptide processing enzymes [pro-opiomelanocortin converting enzyme (PCE) and an aminopeptidase B-like enzyme (APBE)] and alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) from bovine intermediate lobe pituitary cells was studied. Stimulation of secretion with 8-bromo-cyclic AMP produced significant increases in levels of immunoreactive alpha-MSH, PCE, and APBE. Treatment of cells with the dopaminergic agonist 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine resulted in significant decreases in secretion of alpha-MSH, PCE, and APBE. In neither case were there significant changes in levels of cytosolic lactic dehydrogenase or lysosomal beta-glucuronidase in the medium. The secreted PCE activity was shown to process frog and mouse pro-opiomelanocortin primarily to 23,000-Mr corticotropin (ACTH), 13,000-Mr ACTH, beta-lipotropin, a beta-endorphin-like peptide, and beta-endorphin, products comparable to those synthesized by the mouse and frog intermediate lobe in situ. The secreted enzymatic activity had a pH optimum between 4.0 and 5.0, was strongly inhibited by pepstatin A, and had an inhibitor profile similar to the purified bovine intermediate lobe PCE. The secreted APBE activity cleaved Argo-[Met]-enkephalin to [Met]-enkephalin and had a pH optimum and inhibitor profile similar to that previously reported for an activity from purified secretory vesicle fractions of bovine intermediate and neural lobes. The coordinate regulated secretion of alpha-MSH and enzyme activities (PCE and APBE) strongly indicates their colocalization in the same secretory vesicle compartment within the cell. The characteristics of the two enzymes secreted in the medium paralleled those seen in the tissue and further support their role in pro-opiomelanocortin processing in vivo.
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PMID:Regulated secretion of pro-opiomelanocortin converting enzyme and an aminopeptidase B-like enzyme from dispersed bovine intermediate lobe pituitary cells. 254 Feb 80

Adrenocortical function, as reflected by sequential analysis of plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) test, was investigated in elderly patients (greater than or equal to 65 years) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and compared to young patients (less than or equal to 55 years) with AMI. Further, age-matched subjects admitted with ischaemic chest pain, in whom AMI was not verified, served as controls. Following infarction, plasma cortisol peaked within 24 hours in both age groups, whereupon the cortisol level gradually decreased till day 12. Plasma cortisol during AMI disclosed no age-related difference, but was significantly correlated to the localization of infarction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The development of complications, i.e. hypotension, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia, calling for therapeutic intervention, was solely correlated to infarct size, as estimated by peak LDH. Young and elderly patients responded equally and normally to ACTH stimulation, and in both groups a significant, positive correlation between the basal and the 30-min plasma cortisol was observed. Thus, we may conclude that in patients with AMI, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) response to stress and ACTH test shows no repression due to age.
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PMID:Adrenocortical function in old age as reflected by plasma cortisol and ACTH test during the course of acute myocardial infarction. 322 33

Prolonged incubation of L-isoaspartate-containing forms of lactate dehydrogenase (231-242), sperm activating peptide, and adrenocorticotropin (22-27) at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine and protein carboxyl methyltransferase from bovine brain leads to extensive conversion of the atypical isopeptide bond to a normal peptide bond. For the lactate dehydrogenase-related peptide, conversion was 80% complete after 24 h. For the other two peptides, conversion reached a level of approximately 65% after 48 h. The mechanism of conversion involves (i) rapid enzymatic methylation of the alpha-carboxyl of the L-iso-Asp residue; (ii) nonenzymatic demethylation resulting in formation of an L-aspartyl cyclic imide; and (iii) a slow, nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the cyclic imide to form a mixture of 15-25% normal L-Asp peptide and 75-85% L-iso-Asp peptide. The regenerated L-iso-Asp peptide is remethylated and the cycle is repeated. The extent of conversion is limited by a competing side reaction wherein the L-imide slowly racemizes, leading to the formation of mainly D-iso-Asp peptide, which is not a substrate for the methyltransferase. The ability of protein carboxyl methyltransferase to initiate conversion of L-iso-Asp residues to normal L-Asp suggests a possible role for this enzyme in facilitating the repair or degradation of deamidated proteins in vivo.
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PMID:Protein carboxyl methyltransferase facilitates conversion of atypical L-isoaspartyl peptides to normal L-aspartyl peptides. 357 Dec 26

The effects of a 1-h whole body massage on blood parameters were studied in nine healthy male volunteers. The venous blood samples were drawn just before treatment, immediately after, and after 2, 24, and 48 h. The parameters measured were blood leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red cell indices, the activities of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and their isoenzymes, and the concentrations of serum sodium, potassium, total protein, haptoglobin, growth hormone, prolactin, cortisol, and plasma corticotropin. Decreases in serum haptoglobin concentrations suggested slight hemolysis. The rises in the activities of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and its isoenzymes LDH4 and LDH5 and in the concentrations of serum potassium are indicative of increased permeability of the muscle cells. No statistically significant changes were seen for the other parameters. There were large individual variabilities in the hormone concentrations after massage, but some trends could be seen.
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PMID:Effects of whole body massage on serum protein, electrolyte and hormone concentrations, enzyme activities, and hematological parameters. 665 54

Ten horses underwent a standardised strenuous treadmill exercise test, before, during and after which measurements were made of plasma beta-endorphin and cortisol concentrations, blood lactate, glucose, haemoglobin and pH, the activities of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate amino-transferase, and heart rate, oxygen uptake and expired minute volume. The correlations between the exercise-induced response of beta-endorphin and the changes observed in the other physiological measurements were examined. There was a large variation in the beta-endorphin response of the horses to exercise. The increase in beta-endorphin was correlated significantly and inversely with the treadmill velocity at which maximal oxygen uptake was reached. It was also significantly and directly correlated with the heart rate during recovery, the increase in plasma lactate concentration and the change in blood pH, indicating that the exercise-induced increase in beta-endorphin concentration was smaller in horses with a higher aerobic capacity.
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PMID:Plasma beta-endorphin response of thoroughbred horses to maximal exercise. 787 89

In patients with prior shock and liver injury, mechanical circulatory assist still has a high risk of hepatic failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical circulation using pulsatile or nonpulsatile blood pumps on shock organs, particularly shock liver. In 14 dogs, a shock liver model was produced by clamping the descending aorta above the diaphragm. After 60 minutes of ischemia, left atrial-femoral artery bypass (LHB) was started while the clamp remained in place. A pneumatic pulsatile pump (Toyobo; Tokyo, Japan) was used in seven dogs (Gr-PP) and a centrifugal pump (Biomedicus; Minneapolis, MN) in seven (Gr-NPP). In both groups the mean arterial pressure was maintained at 80 mmHg. The mean bypass flow was 96 +/- 14 ml/kg/min for Gr-PP, and 95 +/- 35 ml/kg/min for Gr-NPP. In both groups the bile flow and arterial ketone body ratio decreased significantly after ischemia, and recovered to normal after 120 min of LHB. There was no significant difference between the two groups in this model. The other parameters (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT], glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial GOT) were independent of the period of ischemia and reperfusion, and there was no difference between the two groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that nonpulsatile circulatory assist may not be disadvantageous for the circulatory support and recovery of liver function in the setting of shock liver.
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PMID:Comparison between pulsatile and nonpulsatile circulatory assist for the recovery of shock liver. 857 74

Excessive UVR ranks among the most harmful environmental influences on human skin. However, the direct impact of UVR on human skin appendages remains to be systematically investigated. Organ-cultured human anagen hair follicles in vitro were irradiated, and reduction of hair shaft elongation, premature catagen entry, and reduced hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation were observed upon irradiation with UVB (20/50 mJ cm(-2)). At 20 mJ cm(-2), apoptotic cell death prevailed (casp-3/p53 activation), whereas at 50 mJ cm(-2), necrotic cell death was predominant (lactate dehydrogenase increase). Mitochondrial common deletion and oxidatively damaged genomic DNA (8-OH-dG) was mainly observed at 20 mJ cm(-2). Follicular melanogenesis and ACTH immunoreactivity drastically declined, but alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone remained unchanged, whereas transforming growth factor-beta(2) expression shifted from the outer toward the inner root sheath. Both the number of Giemsa+ mast cells and the degree of mast-cell degranulation increased in the connective tissue sheath (CTS), and CD117 immunoreactivity of CTS cells and matrix keratinocytes was upregulated. Thus, UVR differentially modifies hair growth and cycle, promotes cell death, and induces complex regulatory events in human hair follicles in vitro. The leads from this human organ model, which is a living and human tissue interaction system under physiologically relevant in situ conditions, may encourage its use for general investigation of UV-induced effects as well as for testing possible agents for their UV-protective potency.
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PMID:Profiling the response of human hair follicles to ultraviolet radiation. 1915 39


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