Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to answer the question of an opioid influence on consciousness, a radio-immuno-assay (n = 852) of beta-endorphin and beta-LPH (beta-lipotropic hormone) in both ventricular CSF and blood plasma was carried out in 101 neurosurgical patients. The following results were obtained: I) beta-END and beta-LPH levels were found to be lower in the CSF than in blood plasma. II) beta-END and beta-LPH in the CSF was the same in both sexes. III) beta-END levels in the CSF decreased with age. IV) beta-END and beta-LPH levels showed a diurnal rhythm with a maximum in the late a. m. hours. V) beta-END levels in the ventricular CSF tend to decrease parallel to a drop in conciousness as well as with longlasting comatous states. VI) beta-END in ventricular CSF becomes higher with increasing systolic arterial blood pressure. VII) beta-END and beta-LPH levels in ventricular CSF are not correlated with the type of the disease, CSF pressure, body temperature or respiratory changes.
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PMID:CSF-endorphines in acute and chronic brain lesions. 324 18

Perfusion of the intrathecal space with artificial CSF was achieved in control and arthritic rats under halothane anaesthesia in order to collect the met-enkephalin-like material (MELM) released from the whole spinal cord. On the fourth week following the intradermal injection of Freund's adjuvant to induce arthritis, a marked reduction (-56%) in the spontaneous outflow of MELM was noted in arthritic rats. This effect did not involve changes in the degradation process of MELM, since it persisted when kelatorphan was added to the perfusing fluid in order to inhibit completely the peptidases acting on met-enkephalin. Raising the K+ concentration in the perfusing fluid from 2.4 to 40 mM, as well as moving the hind paws, produced a significant enhancement of MELM release which was (at least) as pronounced in arthritic as in control rats. These results suggest that the basal activity of spinal enkephalinergic neurones, but not that triggered by various stimuli, is reduced in arthritic rats.
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PMID:Spontaneous and evoked release of met-enkephalin-like material from the spinal cord of arthritic rats in vivo. 334 Apr 18

The authors studied CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and plasma cortisol in 22 depressed patients and 18 normal control subjects. CRH levels were similar in the two groups. Depressed patients who were nonsuppressors on the dexamethasone suppression test had significantly higher levels of CRH than suppressors did. The depressed patients' CRH levels were significantly correlated with 4:00 p.m. postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels. While the inclusion of a depressed patient with an outlier CRH value resulted in the loss of statistical significance for both of these findings, the authors suggest that these results support the hypothesis that hypercortisolism in depressed patients in part reflects a defect at or above the hypothalamus, resulting in hypersecretion of CRH.
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PMID:CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients and normal control subjects. 349 88

Permanent cannulae for intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion were implanted bilaterally in cats following stereotaxic procedures. After colonic temperature was recorded for a one-hour baseline, a 300 microliter ICV infusion was given of CSF control vehicle, 1:100 dilution of W3110 E. coli endotoxin (10(8) organisms/ml) or alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in one of seven doses ranging from 50.0 ng to 50.0 micrograms. Whereas ICV E. coli always induced an intense and prolonged fever of rapid onset, alpha-MSH infused similarly was essentially without effect on the deep body temperature of the normothermic cat. When each of the doses of alpha-MSH was infused ICV, either during the rising phase of an E. coli fever or after the febrile response had reached its asymptote, the core temperature of the cat was unaffected. Similarly, a mixture of E. coli combined with alpha-MSH given ICV failed to alter the characteristics of the rapidly developing fever produced in the cat by this endotoxin. On the other hand, either excess Ca++ ions (50 mM) given ICV or the antipyretic drug. Dipyrone, administered systematically during the course of an endotoxin fever effectively attenuated the animal's elevated body temperature. These results demonstrate that alpha-MSH is apparently neither involved in the central mechanisms underlying normal thermoregulation, nor does it act as an endogenous antipyretic in the cat as has been postulated in another species.
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PMID:alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone infused ICV fails to affect body temperature or endotoxin fever in the cat. 351 10

Plasma and CSF met-enkephalin immunoreactive material (ME-IR) concentrations were measured in 5 subjects at different hours of the day. Within the 24 hrs CSF ME-IR concentrations ranged in the same patient from 20 to 5000 pg/ml. Plasma ME-IR concentrations presented a circadian rhythm with lower values between 4:00 and 8:00 p.m.
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PMID:Episodic secretion of met-enkephalin immunoreactive material in human plasma and CSF. 370 17

Our small experiences with electrical stimulation in the VPL and VPM for dysesthetic pain show that it provoked only paresthesia and induced some relief of pain. It does not increase the beta-endorphin level in CSF. To clarify the anatomical substrata in VPL stimulation, neuroanatomical studies were done about the inputs to VPL in man, monkey and cat by the Fink-Heimer method. The spinothalamic tract terminates in VPL in a patchy fashion in the monkey. The corticothalamic fibers from SI and SII cortex project to VPL and VPM in somatotopical organization in the cat. SI and SII cortices have reciprocal connections, in addition to projections to area 5 or SIII cortex. The corticofugal fibers to the magnocellular and gigantocellular tegmental fields are suggested in addition to the dorsal column nuclei, spinal trigeminal nuclei and spinal posterior horn in cat. The medial lemniscus input to VPL and the above neural circuits are thought to be associated with VPL stimulation.
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PMID:Clinicoanatomical study of thalamic stimulation for pain relief. 393 84

Three hundred cases were treated by AES in an out-patient detoxification setting. Seventy-seven cases completed 14 days of treatment and of these 30 were detoxified. One hundred and twenty-six cases came back for retreatment and another 19 cases (19/300 = 6.3% or 19/126 = 15.5%) were detoxified. It was found that the ACTH, cortisol (corticosterone), c-AMP were elevated during abstinence and these compounds were reduced after AES treatment. Fraction I of the opiate activity in the brains of mice was found to be increased after AES. It has been suggested that this could be a beta-endorphin. Recently it was found that during abstinence the plasma beta-lipoprotein and and beta-endorphin were elevated but not reduced after AES. However, the CSF met-enkephalin was within normal limits during abstinence but greatly elevated after half an hour of AES. It is suggested that acupuncture affects not only the somatosensory nervous system but also the autonomic nervous system, as well as the neuro-endocrine system in drug abusers.
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PMID:Clinical experience and mechanism of acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) in the treatment of drug abuse. 611 57

Opiate activity in CSF samples drawn from patients with suspected intracranial hydrodynamic dysfunction has been fractionated on Sephadex G-10 and separated by column electrophoresis in agarose suspension. From the Sephadex G-10 chromatography two receptor active fractions (FI and FII) were recovered. Both FI and FII were further resolved by the electrophoresis. FI separated into at least four components and FII into two components. The study also includes a comparison of the endorphin concentrations in CSF (samples drawn from healthy volunteers) measured by receptorassay with those detected by radioimmunoassay of beta-endorphin, [Met]enkephalin and dynorphin, respectively. The data obtained indicated negligible quantities of the radioimmunoassayable endorphins in the total CSF opiate activity.
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PMID:Endorphins in human cerebrospinal fluid. 613 Apr 32

The choroid plexus is a major site of CSF production. When primary cultures of bovine choroid plexus epithelial cells were exposed to 1 micrograms/ml cholera toxin, a 50-fold increase of intracellular cyclic AMP was found 1 h later. Exposure of cells to 10(-5) M isoproterenol, 10(-4) M prostaglandin E1, 10(-5) M histamine, and 10(-5) M serotonin caused increases of intracellular cyclic concentrations of 100-, 50-, 20-, and 4-fold, respectively. From 5 to 15 min were required for these maximal responses to occur. Many other molecules including prolactin, vasopressin, and corticotropin did not alter cellular cyclic AMP levels. The accumulation of cyclic AMP could be inhibited by specific antagonists: propranolol inhibited the isoproterenol-mediated stimulation while diphenhydramine and metiamide inhibited the histamine response. In addition, diphenhydramine inhibited serotonin-dependent cyclic AMP accumulation. Combinations of isoproterenol, prostaglandin E1, histamine, and serotonin elicited additive responses as measured by cyclic AMP accumulation with one exception, i.e., serotonin inhibited the histamine response. Our findings suggest that distinct receptor sites on choroid plexus epithelia exist for isoproterenol, prostaglandin E1, and histamine. Efflux of cyclic AMP into the extracellular medium was found to be a function of the intracellular cyclic AMP levels over a wide range of concentrations. Our studies provide direct evidence for hormonal regulation of cyclic AMP metabolism in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus.
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PMID:Hormones and neurotransmitters control cyclic AMP metabolism in choroid plexus epithelial cells. 619 61

Neuropeptides are sufficiently stable to allow valid radioimmunoassay of peptide concentrations in post-mortem human nervous tissue and in human cerebrospinal fluid. Studies have now documented abnormalities of peptide concentrations in degenerative diseases of the brain. Somatostatin concentration is reduced in the hippocampus and neocortex of patients dying with Alzheimer's type dementia. In Huntington's disease, there are reduced concentrations of substance P, met-enkephalin and cholecystokinin in the basal ganglia; in contrast the concentrations of somatostatin and TRH are increased. Immunocytochemical and experimental lesion studies are underway in an attempt to localize the peptide-containing cells affected by these disorders; and the potential role of alterations in neuropeptide function in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapy of these illnesses is of great interest. Although alterations of CSF peptide concentrations have been reported in a variety of human diseases, interpretation of these results requires knowledge of the origin and disposition of CSF peptides. Future research into the pathology of peptidergic systems will depend on the development of specific peptide antagonists to probe dynamic aspects of peptide function and on the application of the tools of molecular biology, such as specific mRNA assays, to human material.
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PMID:Implications of neuropeptides in neurological diseases. 620 11


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