Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have indicated that motor center ("feedforward") activity is important for hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise. Now, epidural blockade at vertebrae L3-L4 was used to evaluate the importance of afferent neural feedback from working muscles. Six healthy, young males cycled for 20 min at 55 +/- 4% (mean +/- SE) of maximal oxygen uptake with, as well as without, epidural anesthesia. During anesthesia cutaneous sensory blockade was present below segment T11-12, the postexercise ischemic pressor response was attenuated from 34 +/- 9 to 14 +/- 4 mmHg, muscle strength reduced to 80 +/- 5% of control, and perceived exertion (Borg scale) was increased. At rest hormonal and metabolic parameters did not change in response to epidural anesthesia. During exercise, responses of catecholamines, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone (GH) in plasma as well as glucose production and utilization, plasma free fatty acids, and plasma glycerol were similar in epidural and control experiments (P greater than 0.05). In contrast during submaximal exercise, plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin increased only in experiments without epidural anesthesia. The data indicate that impulses in afferent nerves from the working muscles are essential for the ACTH and beta-endorphin responses to submaximal dynamic exercise in humans. Afferent nervous activity is probably less important than efferent activity from motor centers for responses of GH, catecholamines and insulin, and, in turn, extramuscular fuel mobilization in exercise.
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PMID:Hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise in humans: effect of sensory nervous blockade. 254 39

1. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma levels of beta-endorphin (beta-END) and ACTH in the perioperative period, define correlations of hormonal plasma levels with clinical parameters and establish the effect of droperidol premedication on hormonal levels and clinical parameters. 2. Twenty two were assigned to one of two groups: (1) Control (no premedication) and (2) droperidol (7.5 mg im) premedication. 3. Venous blood samples and clinical evaluations were done the day prior to surgery, just prior to induction of anesthesia and 1-1.5 hr postoperatively. 4. The results indicate that (1) expectancy of surgery on arrival to the operating room increases beta-END but not ACTH plasma levels, (2) this increase in beta-END is not affected by droperidol administration and (3) postsurgical stress increases beta-END and ACTH above operating room levels. 5. These results indicate that although beta-END and ACTH are both produced by the pituitary and derived from a common precursor, the type of stimuli (pre- versus postsurgical stress) seems to differentially affect their plasma levels.
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PMID:Beta-endorphin and ACTH levels in the perioperative period. 254 52

The GABAB agonist baclofen is reported to produce general anesthesia when administered either centrally into the lateral ventricles of rats or peripherally to mice. Previously we demonstrated that beta-endorphin given intracerebrally produces anesthesia in rats, a response localized to sites in or adjacent to the inferior third and fourth ventricles. In order to compare the anatomical localization of these two anesthetic responses, we administered baclofen into the inferior or superior lateral or third ventricles, the aqueduct, or fourth ventricle in rats. Although 10 micrograms baclofen infusions into several regions caused loss of the righting reflex, in no case did animals exhibit an unconscious state which satisfied strict criteria of anesthesia. Infusions of 20 micrograms into the inferior third and fourth ventricles elicited seizures followed by a postictal depression. Although unresponsive to some stimuli, these animals showed no impairment in the corneal reflex. Since this dose was often lethal, higher doses not tested. Baclofen, given to mice intraperitoneally at doses of 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg, failed to elicit strictly defined anesthesia, although, to varying degrees, animals exhibited analgesia, loss of the righting reflex, and loss of behavioral responses to loud sounds. Animals continued to show motor responses when handled and retained corneal reflexes. Baclofen does not evoke an unconscious anesthetic state when administered centrally or systemically, emphasizing the need for strict criteria to define general anesthesia and to categorize drugs that promote this state.
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PMID:Mechanisms of general anesthesia: brain regional responses to baclofen. 255 52

We investigated the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia and of surgery, on the endocrine functions as reflected by plasma levels of cortisol, aldosterone, ACTH, beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity, prolactin, insulin, growth hormone, glucagon and glucose in surgical patients.
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PMID:Endocrine evaluation of sevoflurane, a new inhalation anesthetic agent. 262 72

Information on equine stress responses to anaesthesia and surgery is sparse. Six ponies were anaesthetized for 2 h with halothane and no surgery was performed. Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, non-esterified fatty acids, cortisol, insulin, catecholamines and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured. The results were compared with those obtained in the same group of ponies over the same time period on a different day with the animals conscious. Anaesthesia induced an increase in plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, cortisol and ACTH and a decrease in plasma concentration of insulin. The response was the same when the study was repeated 18 months later. This suggests that anaesthesia alone, with a commonly used clinical technique, induced a substantial stress response in the horse. More benign anaesthetic techniques should be sought in this species.
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PMID:Equine stress responses to anaesthesia. 269 73

Plasma levels of cortisol, ACTH and beta-endorphin like immunoreactivity (beta-ELI) were measured to evaluate postoperative pain relief with epidural morphine and systemic analgesics in conjunction with endocrine functions in 16 patients who underwent gastrectomy. Eight of these patients (epidural morphine group) obtained postoperative analgesia with continuous epidural infusion of morphine with a pump as in our previous report. A bolus of epidural morphine was administered through an indwelling thoracic (Th8,9) catheter at 3 hrs prior to the proposed end of the surgery, which was followed with continuous epidural infusion of morphine at a rate of 0.167-0.042 mg.hr-1 with a pump (CADD-PCA, Model 5200P, Pharmacia) during and after anesthesia and surgery with gradual decrease in dose until the third postoperative day. The remaining eight patients (systemic analgesics group) repeatedly received systemic pentazocine and buprenorphine when needed. Plasma cortisol levels increased significantly at the end of surgery and after in both groups. However plasma concentrations of cortisol in the epidural morphine group were significantly lower than those in the systemic analgesics group on the first and second postoperative days. Plasma levels of ACTH and beta-ELI increased significantly at the end of surgery but returned to levels of the previous day in both groups postoperatively. Our study suggests that continuous epidural infusion of morphine is adequate for postoperative pain relief and has suppressing effect on plasma cortisol levels as compared with systemic analgesics regimen.
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PMID:[Effect of continuous epidural infusion of morphine for postoperative analgesia on pituitary-adrenocortical function]. 277 49

Adrenocortical function in canine surgical patients given etomidate at 1 of 2 dosages (1.5 mg/kg of body weight or 3 mg/kg, IV) was evaluated and compared with that of dogs given thiopental (12 mg/kg, IV). The adrenocortical function was evaluated by use of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests and determination of plasma cortisol concentrations at 0 minute (base line) and 60 minutes after ACTH administration. At 24 hours before administration of either drug (ie, induction of anesthesia), each dog had an increase in plasma cortisol concentration when given ACTH. The ACTH stimulation tests were repeated 2 hours after induction of anesthesia. Dogs given thiopental had base-line plasma cortisol concentrations greater than preinduction base-line values, but did not increase plasma cortisol in response to ACTH stimulation. Postinduction ACTH stimulation tests in dogs given etomidate at either dose indicated base-line and 60-minute plasma cortisol concentrations that were not different from preinduction base-line values. Therefore, adrenocortical function was suppressed 2 and 3 hours after the administration of etomidate in canine surgical patients.
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PMID:Effects of etomidate on adrenocortical function in canine surgical patients. 282 Feb 74

Specific in vivo neutralization was used in an attempt to explore the roles of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), ACTH, and beta-endorphin during surgical stress in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomly assigned to groups (n = 20-30/group) that received iv injections of rabbit antirat/human CRH (anti-r/hCRH), antihuman ACTH (anti-hACTH), antihuman beta-endorphin (anti-h beta-endorphin), or normal rabbit serum. Three hours later all animals were subjected to a uniform stress consisting of ether anesthesia, surgical laparotomy, and phlebotomy of 7 ml via the inferior vena cava. Survival rates were recorded, and RIAs were performed for ACTH, beta-endorphin, and corticosterone. Rats treated with anti-h beta-endorphin had a survival rate of 64%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (33%; P less than 0.025, by analysis of variance). Anti-r/hCRH or anti-hACTH treatment was not associated with a change in survival rate. Plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin levels were markedly decreased in the group treated with anti-h beta-endorphin (P less than 0.0001). Anti-r/hCRH had no effect on plasma immunoreactive ACTH or beta-endorphin. Plasma immunoreactive ACTH and corticosterone levels were decreased in the group treated with anti-hACTH (P less than 0.0001 and P less than 0.01, respectively). We conclude that 1) beta-endorphin immune neutralization is associated with a survival advantage during severe surgical stress, suggesting that circulating beta-endorphin might have deleterious effects during stress; 2) In severe stress, acute immune neutralization of CRH is not sufficient to inhibit ACTH, beta-endorphin, and corticosterone secretion, suggesting significant involvement of other secretagogues of the pituitary-adrenal axis; and 3) moderate decreases in corticosterone cannot affect survival, presumably because glucocorticoids play only a permissive role in maintaining cardiovascular stability during surgical stress.
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PMID:Effects of immune neutralization of corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropin, and beta-endorphin in the surgically stressed rat. 282 12

Previous studies have documented a reduction in plasma beta-endorphin levels with the use of various analgesic techniques in labor, such as segmental epidural anesthesia or intrathecal morphine. The Lamaze method of childbirth preparation, which has been found to reduce the need for medication during childbirth and to decrease the subjective perception of pain during labor and delivery, has not been studied in this regard. In this study plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity levels were measured during the active phase of labor in 26 patients who had Lamaze classes and in 28 patients who did not have Lamaze classes. The Lamaze group had significantly lower plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (37.2 vs. 68.5 pg/ml; P less than 0.001) and significantly shorter first stages of labor (8.28 hrs. vs. 9.86 hrs; P less than 0.02). It can be theorized that both lower beta-endorphin immunoreactivity and shorter labor in patients in the Lamaze group were related to the reduction of fear, tension, and the emotional stress of labor.
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PMID:Effect of Lamaze childbirth preparation on maternal plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in active labor. 293 21

The concentrations of human immunoreactive beta-endorphin-like substances in plasma were measured as a means of determining the effects of general anesthesia and surgical stress on the endogenous morphine-like substances. Sixty-nine adult patients and 44 pediatric patients who had undergone oral surgery in general anesthesia were the subjects of this study. In comparison to the control values, the results of this study showed an increase of beta-endorphin concentration in the plasma during anesthesia and surgery. The increase was particularly significant in the patients who had relatively a major surgical stress and in those patients showing a weak anesthetic action, while the patients with relatively a minor surgical stress or strong anesthetic action showed a small increase. From these findings, it seems proper to assume that the secretion of beta-endorphin in the plasma is accelerated by general anesthesia and surgical stress than to assume that the amount of beta-endorphin in the plasma is increased by the administration of anesthetic agents.
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PMID:General anesthesia and surgical stress increase plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin-like substances. 293 75


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