Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) was developed. Extracts of the neurointermediate lobe of the rat produced displacement curves which were parallel to those obtained with synthetic alpha-MSH. The mean immunoreactive alpha-MSH concentration in neurointermediate lobes from normal adult rats was 2768 +/- 200 (S.E.M.) ng/lobe. This accounted for approximately 78% of the MSH activity of the neurointermediate lobe as measured by bioassay. Much lower levels of immunoreactive alpha-MSH were found in the anterior lobe of the rat. Extracts of rat serum and plasma also contained immunoreactive alpha-MSH and the mean level was found to be 237 +/- 20 pg/ml. This was slightly lower than the level measured in rat plasma by bioassay. Increased levels of alpha-MSH were found in plasma of rats 1 and 3 h after a single injection of trifluoperazine and after 1-5 min of ether anaesthesia. These changes were reflected by decreases in the alpha-MSH content of the neurointermediate lobe.
 ...
PMID:Development of a radioimmunoassay for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the rat. 17 84

Trauma and surgery profoundly affect the circulating concentrations of metabolites and so-called stress hormones, and may thereby directly or indirectly influence recovery. This stress response on the other hand is subject to modification by the anaesthetics employed. We investigated the effects of isoflurane on selected stress parameters in 10 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery and compared them to those in 10 patients receiving halothane. Plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, ACTH, and beta-endorphin, as well as glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lactate were determined during a pre-operative anaesthesia period as well as intra- and post-operatively. The levels of all parameters remained stable or decreased during the pre-operative anaesthesia period. They increased intra- and/or post-operatively, reaching peak values in the recovery period. Although the changes in both groups were basically similar, we observed lower serum concentrations of cortisol and lactate in the isoflurane group. We conclude that isoflurane and halothane have similar effects on peri-operative changes of endocrine and metabolic parameters, and that neither can effectively block the stress response to major surgery. We found no firm evidence for a stimulatory effect of isoflurane on the parameters studied.
 ...
PMID:The influence of isoflurane on peri-operative endocrine and metabolic stress responses. 131 Apr 65

We examined the effect of acute hypotensive hemorrhage on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in neurons of the rat hypothalamus. Sprague-Dawley male rats were cannulated (femoral artery and vein) and received a 15 ml/kg.3 min hemorrhage on the morning of the fourth day. Time controls received no hemorrhage. After light halothane anesthesia, the rats were decapitated at 1 or 4 h (six to nine rats per group). The hypothalami were removed, frozen, and sectioned at 12 microns. In situ hybridization was performed using two 48-base oligodeoxynucleotide probes for CRH and AVP message, respectively. Hemorrhage led to a fall in arterial blood pressure and heart rate that recovered by 1 h. Plasma ACTH, corticosterone, and AVP were elevated 20, 60, and 90 min after hemorrhage, but returned to near control levels by 4 h. CRH mRNA was significantly elevated 1 and 4 h after hemorrhage, as compared to time controls, in parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nuclei. However, AVP mRNA was not different from controls at 1 or 4 h after hemorrhage in the magnocellular or parvocellular paraventricular nuclei, or in the supraoptic or accessory nuclei of the hypothalamus. AVP mRNA was also found in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, but there was no difference in the amount of mRNA between the 1-h hemorrhage and control groups. These data suggest that neural signals, originating for cardiovascular receptors activated by hemorrhage, up-regulate message for CRH but not for AVP in the paraventricular nuclei of the rat hypothalamus.
 ...
PMID:Hypotensive hemorrhage elevates corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) but not vasopressin mRNA in the rat hypothalamus. 131 Dec 34

The effects of pentobarbital anesthesia (45 mg/kg i.p.) on the inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by beta-endorphin and morphine injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) and intrathecally (i.t.) were studied in male ICR mice. Pentobarbital anesthesia attenuated the inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by morphine but not beta-endorphin given i.c.v. However, the tail-flick inhibition induced by morphine given i.t. was not attenuated by pentobarbital. beta-Endorphin-(1-27) (3 micrograms) given i.c.v. or naloxone (2 micrograms) given i.t. blocked inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by morphine given i.c.v. only in pentobarbital-anesthetized mice but not in conscious mice. beta-Funaltrexamine (beta-FNA, 2.5 micrograms) given i.c.v. or yohimbine (2 micrograms) and methysergide (2 micrograms) injected i.t. blocked the morphine (i.c.v.)-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response in conscious mice but not in pentobarbital-anesthetized mice. The results indicate that pentobarbital attenuates the morphine-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response by inhibiting descending noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways and uncovers a descending opioid system. The tail-flick inhibition induced by supraspinal morphine is mediated by stimulation of mu-opioid receptors in conscious mice and epsilon-opioid receptors in pentobarbital-anesthetized mice. The epsilon-opioid receptor-mediated descending system activated by supraspinally injected beta-endorphin is not attenuated by pentobarbital anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Pentobarbital attenuates antinociception induced by i.c.v. morphine but not beta-endorphin in the mouse. 132 55

This study was undertaken to define the resting pattern of fetal pituitary-adrenocortical function. Experiments were performed at 127-145 days gestation in fetal sheep with chronic peripheral and adrenal cannulas inserted under halothane anesthesia. With the fetus in a baseline state, over 6 h, at 30-min intervals, maternal and fetal peripheral samples were collected for blood gases and cortisol (F), corticosterone (B), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations, and three successive, 2-min adrenal samples were collected for determination of F and B secretion rates. We observed high-frequency, episodic bursts of F secretion. A lower frequency oscillation of F secretion, with a period of approximately 90 min, was defined by cosinor analysis. The mean amplitude of the oscillation increased from 45 to 507 ng/min with advancing gestation. The pattern of B secretion was similar to that for F but was quantitatively lower. An oscillatory period of approximately 90 min for plasma F was present in a majority of experiments. Pulsatile rhythms for ACTH were defined in 10 of 14 experiments, with periods ranging from 1.64 h in the least mature group to 2.37 h in the oldest fetus. Mean data revealed exponential increases in both F secretion and plasma ACTH from 129 to 145 days gestation.
 ...
PMID:Adrenal corticosteroid secretion in fetal sheep: pulsatile pattern at rest. 132 68

Minimally invasive operations such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy appear to result in more rapid recovery of normal function, less physiological disturbance, and presumably less stress to the organism than open operation counterparts. The purpose of this study was to determine the stress response associated with minimally invasive surgery compared to conventional laparotomy. Three groups of pigs underwent general endotracheal anesthesia. The first group had laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the second open cholecystectomy, and the last group (controls) had only general anesthesia. The neuroendocrine serum stress markers adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, insulin, and glucagon were measured prior to anesthesia and for the first 3 postoperative days. Analysis of the data showed significant elevations of both ACTH and cortisol for laparoscopic operations as well as for open operation (cortisol only) in the immediate postoperative period. No differences were found for the other serum stress markers. We conclude that minimally invasive surgery in this porcine model confers no advantage, as measured by four neuroendocrine stress hormones, over conventional surgery. Further study is required to determine the clinical implication of these findings.
 ...
PMID:Neuroendocrine stress response after minimally invasive surgery in pigs. 133 96

One week after complete destruction of the mediobasal hypothalamus, immunoreactive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin levels were determined in cerebrospinal fluid, trunk blood, as well as in brain and pituitary tissue samples collected from anaesthetized and cisternally cannulated rats. Control rats were sham operated. In lesioned rats we observed: (a) 60% decrease in the immunoreactive beta-endorphin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, (b) decreased immunoreactive ACTH and beta-endorphin levels in the hypothalamus, in the thalamus and in the amygdala, (c) unaffected immunoreactive ACTH/beta-endorphin levels in the septum and in the hippocampus, (d) decreased immunoreactive beta-endorphin levels both in the anterior and neurointermediate pituitary but unchanged immunoreactive ACTH contents in the anterior lobe, and (e) unaffected immunoreactive ACTH and beta-endorphin levels in the plasma under stressful conditions. From these findings the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) more than 50% of the beta-endorphin-like peptide content of the cerebrospinal fluid originates from the periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and thalamus in the rat; (2) the loss of the hypothalamic control probably enhances the intracellular proteolytic degradation of beta-endorphin both in the anterior and neurointermediate pituitary lobe; (3) rats with mediobasal hypothalamic lesion cannot react to the stressful stimuli of ether anaesthesia or cisternal cannulation with elevated plasma immunoreactive ACTH and beta-endorphin levels.
 ...
PMID:Effects of mediobasal hypothalamic lesion on immunoreactive ACTH/beta-endorphin levels in cerebrospinal fluid, in discrete brain regions, in plasma, and in pituitary of the rat. 133 72

Acute hypertensive responses during nitrous oxide-opioid-relaxant anesthesia are a common clinical problem. In adult men undergoing radical prostatectomy procedures and anesthetized with a standardized technique, we evaluated the effectiveness of alfentanil, isoflurane, and trimethaphan in treating acute hemodynamic and stress hormone responses to surgical stimulation. Stress hormone concentrations were measured 1 min before skin incision, after the onset of an acute hypertensive response, and after returning the mean arterial pressure to within 10% of the preincision values with one of the three treatment modalities. Pretreatment plasma alfentanil concentrations (151 +/- 47 to 156 +/- 47 ng.ml-1) and end-tidal nitrous oxide concentrations (66 +/- 2 to 68 +/- 2%) were similar in all three groups. Acute hypertensive events were associated with significantly increased concentrations of catecholamines and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]). Whereas intravenous alfentanil returned all hormone concentrations to preincision values, norepinephrine and glucose concentrations were significantly increased after adjunctive isoflurane administration. Although trimethaphan decreased the norepinephrine concentration, the epinephrine, beta-endorphin, cortisol, ADH, and glucose concentrations were significantly increased compared to preincision values. However, the persistent elevation in the posttreatment ADH concentration in the trimethaphan group was the only significant difference between the three groups. Mean (+/- standard deviation) times to awakening (2.8 +/- 3.3 to 3.8 +/- 4.2 min), extubation (8.1 +/- 4.8 to 10.3 +/- 8.5 min), and orientation (19.6 +/- 20.4 to 24.6 +/- 19.1 min) were similar in all three groups. Naloxone was required more frequently in patients in the alfentanil (35%) and isoflurane (24%) groups than in the trimethaphan group (4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Treatment of stress response during balanced anesthesia. Comparative effects of isoflurane, alfentanil, and trimethaphan. 134 82

The hemodynamic and endocrine effects of three different doses of dexmedetomidine (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 micrograms/kg), oxycodone (0.13 mg/kg), and saline solution, injected intramuscularly 45-60 min before induction of general anesthesia, were compared in a double-blind, randomized study involving 100 women undergoing gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental (4.5 mg/kg) and maintained with 0.3% end-tidal isoflurane and 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate increased after endotracheal intubation and during laparoscopy in all groups, but the maximal mean arterial pressure after tracheal intubation was lower in the dexmedetomidine 2.4-micrograms/kg group (104 mm Hg [SD 19]) than in the saline solution group (130 mm Hg [SD 12]). Dexmedetomidine (2.4 and 1.2 micrograms/kg) attenuated the maximal heart rate after intubation (84 [SD 11] and 101 beats/min [SD 15], respectively) compared with saline solution (116 beats/min [SD 19]). On the other hand, 40% of the patients in the dexmedetomidine 2.4-micrograms/kg group received atropine in the postanesthesia care unit for bradycardia (heart rate < or = 40 beats/min). Preoperative anxiety and sedation before and after preanesthetic medication were evaluated by the patients with the aid of a profile of mood-state questionnaire; only dexmedetomidine 2.4 micrograms/kg produced significant anxiolysis and sedation. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, cortisol, and beta-endorphin increased less in the dexmedetomidine 2.4-micrograms/kg group in response to tracheal intubation and surgery than in the saline solution group.
 ...
PMID:Intramuscularly administered dexmedetomidine attenuates hemodynamic and stress hormone responses to gynecologic laparoscopy. 135 8

The effects of noxious and non-noxious mechanical stimulation of various segmental skin areas (face, forelimb and forepaw, abdomen, hindlimb and hindpaw) on the secretion of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone (iCRH) from the hypothalamus into hypophysial portal blood was examined in artificially ventilated rats under halothane anesthesia. Secretion of iCRH was calculated from the iCRH concentration in hypophysial portal plasma and the plasma flow rate. Noxious mechanical stimulation of the skin was delivered by pinching using surgical clamps, while non-noxious mechanical stimulation was provided by brushing with tooth brushes. Pinching of the bilateral forepaws or hindpaws and brushing of the bilateral hindlimbs for 20 min increased hypothalamic iCRH secretion. In contrast, pinching of the face or abdomen and brushing of the face, forelimbs, or abdomen for 20 min did not significantly influence it. These results indicate that cutaneous mechanical sensory stimulation contributes to the reflex regulation of CRH secretion from the hypothalamus into hypophysial portal blood, and also that this effect is highly dependent on the site of stimulation.
 ...
PMID:Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion into hypophysial portal blood is regulated by cutaneous sensory stimulation in anesthetized rats. 143 8


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>