Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Male rats were injected daily for 5 days with 0.15m-NaCl, corticotropin, cortisol or l-thyroxine and the rates of glycerolipid synthesis were measured in the livers after intraportal injection of [(14)C]palmitate and [(3)H]glycerol. 2. Injection of all three hormones decreased the rates of body-weight gain. 3. Cortisol treatment increased the weight of the liver relative to body weight. 4. Thyroxine treatment increased the relative rate of triacylglycerol synthesis from [(3)H]glycerol and decreased the relative accumulation of (3)H and (14)C in diacylglycerol. It did not significantly alter the accumulation of these isotopes in phosphatidate nor the activity of the soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in the total liver. However, this activity increased by 1.5-fold when expressed relative to the soluble protein of the liver. The increased triacylglycerol synthesis appears to be related to a general increase in the turnover of fatty acids in the liver. 5. Treatment with cortisol and corticotropin increased the relative rate of triacylglycerol synthesis from [(3)H]glycerol, decreased the accumulation of (3)H in phosphatidate and increased the flux of both isotopes from phosphatidate to diacylglycerol. This appeared to be caused by the increased activity of the soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase that was observed in the livers of the cortisol-treated rats. 6. It is proposed that cortisol could be directly or indirectly involved in increasing the activity of hepatic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in starvation, diabetes, laparotomy, subtotal hepatectomy, liver damage, ethanol feeding and in obesity. This enzyme adaptation could contribute to the potential of the liver to increase its synthesis and accumulation of triacylglycerols or to secrete very-low-density lipoproteins.
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PMID:The effects of cortisol, corticotropin and thyroxine on the synthesis of glycerolipids and on the phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in rat liver. 21 53

Male and female wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Erxleben) and males and female albino outbred rats (Ipf:RIZ) were crossbred. The resulting animals (F1 hybrids) were the control, noninbred group (0% inbred). By systematic full-sib mating, two experimental groups (50 and 91% of inbred) were produced. Half of each group (both males and females) was exposed to physical stress (3 days of starvation and 3 hr of swimming). The other half of each group was anesthetized using ether to collect blood. The anterior pituitary hormone concentrations of prolactin (PRL), corticotropin (ACTH), and growth hormone (rGH) in blood serum were determined by the radioimmunoassay method. Significant relationships between the PRL, ACTH, and rGH concentrations in blood serum and the inbreeding coefficient were observed: A significant PRL content decrease in blood serum occurred (linear function) and the rGH and ACTH content diminished significantly rapidly (quadratic function). These changes were affected by an increase in homozygosity. Stress significantly influenced PRL, ACTH, and rGH concentrations as well. The sex of rats significantly determined PRL and ACTH content only. Hormone levels were also influenced by interactions between the factors studied (inbred level, sex, stress).
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PMID:The effect of genetic variability (degree of homozygosity) on serum levels of the anterior pituitary hormones prolactin, corticotropin, and growth hormone in rats. 133 58

It has been demonstrated that opioid peptides are involved in the stimulation of food intake in rats and that the circulating beta-endorphin levels are increased in genetically obese rodents. Therefore, to assess whether the changes in food intake may influence circulating beta-endorphin levels in obese subjects, plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol concentrations were determined in obese patients after an oral glucose load and during a 7-day total starvation. Baseline plasma beta-endorphin concentrations were significantly higher in obese patients than in control normal-weight subjects, while ACTH and cortisol levels were similar in both groups. Plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol concentrations were not affected by the ingestion of 75 g glucose, neither were plasma beta-endorphin concentrations modified during prolonged starvation. Moreover, the lack of nycthemeral variations in beta-endorphin levels, documented before and during starvation while plasma ACTH and cortisol were significantly reduced in the evening, suggests that some extra anterior pituitary sources or some obesity-related changes in beta-endorphin metabolism may contribute to the pool of circulating beta-endorphin in obese subjects. On the other hand, even the extreme changes in nutritional conditions, such as total food deprivation or glucose ingestion, are devoid of any detectable influence on circulating beta-endorphin levels.
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PMID:The effects of glucose ingestion and fasting on plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol in obese subjects. 166 98

To identify the effects of acute starvation on endogenous opioids in man, plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) was measured in 17 patients before, during and after fasting. Patients were assigned a posteriori into two groups: group A, comprised of 11 patients able to tolerate 5-7 days of fasting, and group B, comprised of 6 patients able to tolerate 10 days of fasting. Changes in plasma beta-EP, serum cortisol, circulating nutritional markers, and their relative levels were assessed on the 5th and 10th days of fasting, and on the 5th and 10th days of the refeeding period. Beta-EP had increased by the 5th day (group A: 4.74 +/- 0.42 to 6.91 +/- 0.65 pmol/l, p less than 0.01; group B: 3.60 +/- 0.48 to 5.14 +/- 0.22 pmol/l, p less than 0.05, and remained at 5.05 +/- 0.65 pmol/l on the 10th day (group B: 0.05 less than p less than 0.1) during fasting. Group B had lower levels of plasma beta-EP on the 5th day of fasting than group A (p less than 0.05). However, serum cortisol levels changed similarly in both groups. Plasma beta-EP showed no significant correlation with either the percentage of body weight lost or the body mass index (kg/m2) over this study period. These findings indicate that plasma beta-EP is elevated in the early phase of fasting, while not directly being associated with body weight changes. Plasma beta-EP is lower and less activated in subjects who are able to tolerate fasting for longer periods.
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PMID:Plasma beta-endorphin during fasting in man. 228 82

This paper discusses hormonal and metabolic reactions of healthy volunteers exposed to 14-day starvation. This exposure led to many-fold increase of plasma and urinary epinephrine (E); drastic increase of ACTH and beta-endorphin (BE), morning and integrated concentrations of cortisol and STH, aldosterone, T3, glucagon, cAMP, cGMP, cAMP-cGMP, acetyl choline (AC), free fatty acids (FFA), lactate, metanephrine (MN) excretion; decrease of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and unchanged NE excretion; decrease of plasma concentrations of TTH, T4, T3, prolactin (PL), insulin (morning and integrated concentrations), C-peptide, FSH, LH, testosterone, histamine, prostaglandins (PG) A + E, PG F2, glucose and pH, as well as decrease of excretion of homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA), normetanephrine (NMN) and MN-E, NMN:NE. On recovery day 14 concentrations of E, NE, BE, STH, AC, cAMP, cGMP, FFA as well as E and dopamine excretion remained elevated while concentrations of T3, PL, FT, LT, testosterone PG A + E, PG 2 and excretion of MN, HVA, VMA, MN:E remained decreased, while other parameters returned to the normal.
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PMID:[Hormonal and metabolic reactions in the human body during prolonged starvation]. 237 73

Patients with anorexia nervosa have neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations that starvation and weight loss are thought to cause, or contribute to, since they are reversed by weight restoration. We have found that anorexics have starvation-related disturbances of neuropeptide Y (NPY), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and beta-endorphin, as determined by their measurements in cerebrospinal fluid. The relationship between these neuropeptides and several symptoms in anorexia, together with findings in experimental animals, raise a possibility that changes in the activity of these neuropeptides contribute to neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations in anorexia. Specifically, a disturbance of central nervous system CRH activity is likely to be responsible for hypercortisolemia, while a disturbance of central nervous system NPY may contribute to amenorrhea. In addition, disturbances of these neuropeptides could contribute to other symptoms such as increased physical activity, hypotension, reduced sexual interest, depression, and pathological feeding behavior.
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PMID:Contribution of CNS neuropeptide (NPY, CRH, and beta-endorphin) alterations to psychophysiological abnormalities in anorexia nervosa. 253 90

The synthetic corticotropin ACTH (1-24) (tetracosactide), injected into a brain lateral ventricle after a 24h starvation period or into the ventromedial hypothalamus during the nocturnal feeding phase, markedly inhibited food intake, in rats. In starved rats, the dose of 4 micrograms/rat was maximally effective and reduced food intake by 76.6% during the first hour after treatment. The same dose, injected into the ventromedial hypothalamus, significantly inhibited food intake also in normally fed rats during the nocturnal phase (58.6% reduction during the 90 minutes of observation). These findings suggest that corticotropin may play a role in the central control of appetite.
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PMID:Corticotropin inhibits food intake in rats. 301 Jan 69

The responsiveness of lipolysis to the stimulatory agonists noradrenaline, corticotropin and glucagon and to the inhibitory agonists N6-phenylisopropyladenosine, prostaglandin E1 and nicotinic acid was investigated with rat white adipocytes incubated with a high concentration of adenosine deaminase (1 unit/ml). The cells were obtained from fed or 48 h-starved euthyroid animals or from fed or starved animals rendered hypothyroid by 4 weeks of treatment with low-iodine diet and propylthiouracil. Hypothyroidism increased sensitivity to and efficacy of all three inhibitory agonists in their opposition of noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis. Starvation decreased sensitivity to all three inhibitory agonists when opposing basal lipolysis. Hypothyroidism decreased sensitivity to noradrenaline, glucagon and corticotropin by 37-, 4- and 4-fold respectively and decreased the maximum response to these agonists by approx. 50%, 50% and 75% respectively. Starvation reversed decreases in maximum response to these agonists in hypothyroidism. Starvation in the euthyroid state increased sensitivity to glucagon and noradrenaline, but did not alter sensitivity to corticotropin. Cells from hypothyroid rats were relatively insensitive to Bordetella pertussis toxin, which substantially increased basal lipolysis in the euthyroid state.
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PMID:Sensitivity of adipocyte lipolysis to stimulatory and inhibitory agonists in hypothyroidism and starvation. 302 50

To study the effect of starvation on hypothalamic beta-endorphin and somatostatin (SRIF) concentrations in relation to starvation induced anestrus, groups of 8 rats were fed 50% of their normal daily chow consumption. Rats were sacrificed after 4, 8, 12, and 16 days during diestrus or anestrus. beta-endorphin concentrations decreased in the preoptic suprachiasmatic area (0.52 +/- 0.13 vs 0.21 +/- 0.05 ng/mg tissue wet weight) and increased in the posterior hypothalamus (0.31 +/- 0.06 vs 0.57 +/- 0.11 ng/mg) after 4 days of starvation. No significant change occurred in the arcuate nucleus or in the median eminence. On day 8 and 12 of starvation, beta-endorphin was unaltered in all areas compared to controls. Vaginal smears showed constant diestrus in a significant number of rats (5 out of 8) after 12 days. beta-endorphin concentrations in the arcuate nuclei of these rats were significantly reduced on day 16 (1.00 +/- 0.33 vs 0.30 +/- 0.11 ng/mg). The SRIF levels changed only in the median eminence with increased concentrations on day 12 (45.2 +/- 8.4 vs 79.5 +/- 14.8 ng/mg). At this time serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) were significantly reduced. The results indicate that changes in hypothalamic beta-endorphin accompany the events leading to starvation induced anestrus.
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PMID:Changes of beta-endorphin and somatostatin concentrations in different hypothalamic areas of female rats after chronic starvation. 613 89

1. The effects of dietary modification, including starvation, and of corticotropin injection on the activities of acyl-CoA synthetase, glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and lipoprotein lipase were measured in adipose tissue. 2. Lipoprotein lipase activities in heart were increased and those in adipose tissue were decreased when rats were fed on diets enriched with corn oil or beef tallow rather than with sucrose or starch. The lipoprotein lipase activity was lower in the adipose tissue of rats fed on the sucrose rather than on the starch diet. 3. Rats fed on the beef tallow diet had slightly higher activities of the total glycerol phosphate acyltransferase in adipose tissue than did rats fed on the sucrose or starch diet. The diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activities were higher for the rats fed on the tallow diet than for those fed on the corn-oil diet. 4. Starvation significantly decreased the activities of lipoprotein lipase (after 24 and 48 h), acyl-CoA synthetase (after 24 h) and of the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate acyltransferase and the N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (after 48 h) in adipose tissue. The activities of the microsomal glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase were not significantly changed after 24 or 48 h of starvation. 5. The activities of lipoprotein lipase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in adipose tissue were decreased 15 min after corticotropin was injected into rats during November to December. No statistically significant differences were found when these experiments were performed during March to September. These differences may be related to the seasonal variation in acute lipolytic responses. 6. These results are discussed in relation to the control of triacylglycerol synthesis and lipoprotein metabolism.
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PMID:The activities of lipoprotein lipase and of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol synthesis in rat adipose tissue. Effects of starvation, dietary modification and of corticotropin injection. 628 Jun 82


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