Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an acute trial, three different dosages (60, 300, and 600 micrograms) of the endocrinologically inert but behaviorally active corticotropin 4-9 (ACTH4-9) fragment ebiratide were given to three patients with clinically probable Alzheimer's disease and five patients with a major depressive episode who were psychomotorly retarded. The drug was given intravenously in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, and cognitive as well as psychopathologic assessments were carried out predrug and postdrug treatment. In summary, no adverse effect of the ACTH fragment was detected. In this explorative study, none of the patients improved cognitively, as measured by neuropsychologic testing. However, all patients, regardless of underlying disorder, reported a decrease of the feeling of tiredness or loss of energy, respectively. They felt more vigorous and alert. This occurred after any of the three doses of ACTH4-9, but not after placebo. In concert with reports from other studies, it is concluded that the ACTH4-9 fragment ebiratide may have activating properties in humans. However, given acutely, it does not seem to have antidementia or antidepressive efficacy.
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PMID:Behavioral effects of a synthetic corticotropin 4-9 analog in patients with depression and patients with Alzheimer's disease. 839 47

In order to test the possibility for rapid responses of blood hormone levels in short-term supramaximal exercises, serum concentrations of corticotropin (ACTH), cortisol (C), total testosterone (tT), free testosterone (fT), growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were determined by RIA procedures in blood samples obtained before and immediately after a 60-s period of consecutive vertical jumps (Bosco test). The study subjects were 16 Italian professional soccer players. Immediately after exercise, significant increases (p < 0.05) were found in the concentrations of ACTH (by 39%), C (by 14%), TSH (by 20%), fT3 (by 28%), fT4 (by 30%), tT (by 12%), fT (by 13%), and SHBG (by 21%). Significant changes were not detected in the blood levels of GH, IGF-I and PRL. Most pronounced testosterone responses were typical for persons of high jumping performance (the increase of serum tT correlated with average power output, r = 0.61 and jumping height, r = 0.66). The larger the drop in power output during 60-s jumping, the higher was the thyroid response: the difference in jumping height between the first and last 15-s period correlated with increases in TSH (r = 0.52) and in fT4, (r = 0.55). In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that in intense exercise, causing the rapid development of fatigue, rapid increases in serum levels of hormones of the pituitary-adrenocortical, pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-thyroid systems occur.
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PMID:Hormonal responses in strenuous jumping effort. 874 23

To examine the importance of blood-borne vs. neural mechanisms for hormonal responses and substrate mobilization during exercise, six spinal cord-injured tetraplegic (C5-T1) males (mean age: 35 yr, range: 24-55 yr) were recruited to perform involuntary, electrically induced cycling [functional electrical stimulation (FES)] to fatigue for 24.6 +/- 2.3 min (mean and SE), and heart rate rose from 67 +/- 7 (rest) to 107 +/- 5 (exercise) beats/min. Voluntary arm cranking in tetraplegics (ARM) and voluntary leg cycling in six matched, long-term immobilized (2-12 mo) males (Vol) served as control experiments. In FES, peripheral glucose uptake increased [12.4 +/- 1.1 (rest) to 19.5 +/- 4.3 (exercise) mumol.min-1.kg-1; P < 0.05], whereas hepatic glucose production did not change from basal values [12.4 +/- 1.4 (rest) vs. 13.0 +/- 3.4 (exercise) mumol.min-1.kg-1]. Accordingly, plasma glucose decreased [from 5.4 +/- 0.3 (rest) to 4.7 +/- 0.3 (exercise) mmol/l; P < 0.05]. Plasma glucose did not change in response to ARM or Vol. Plasma free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate decreased only in FES experiments (P < 0.05). During FES, increases in growth hormone (GH) and epinephrine and decreases in insulin concentrations were abolished. Although subnormal throughout the exercise period, norepinephrine concentrations increased during FES, and responses of heart rate, adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin, renin, lactate, and potassium were marked. In conclusion, during exercise, activity in motor centers and afferent muscle nerves is important for normal responses of GH, catecholamines, insulin, glucose production, and lipolysis. Humoral feedback and spinal or simple autonomic nervous reflex mechanisms are not sufficient. However, such mechanisms are involved in redundant control of heart rate and neuroendocrine activity in exercise.
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PMID:Regulation of glucose turnover and hormonal responses during electrical cycling in tetraplegic humans. 876 Feb 20

To investigate how the pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic nervous hormones change in psychologically exhaustive states following an ultraendurance race, the Profile of Mood States (POMS), plasma ACTH, beta-endorphin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and serum cortisol were measured in 29 male athletes two days before, immediately after, and one day after a triathlon. Psychological exhaustion was defined as possessing low POMS vigour and high fatigue immediately post-race. Eleven subjects met the criteria for the exhaustive group, and another ten were placed in the vigour group, which possessed high vigour regardless of fatigue score and the remaining eight subjects were excluded from analysis because they did not satisfy experimental protocol. Student's t-tests revealed no significant group differences in age, race time, pre-race POMS and hormone values. Immediately post-race, serum cortisol and plasma adrenaline did not differ between groups. However, significantly lower levels of plasma beta-endorphin (p = 0.03) and noradrenaline (p = 0.05), and relatively lower levels of plasma ACTH (P = 0.08) immediately post-race were observed in the exhaustive group when compared with the vigour group. We conclude that pituitary and sympathetic nervous hormone reactivity is attenuated following ultraendurance race in athletes showing psychological exhaustion and this is independent of race performance.
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PMID:Relationships between exhaustive mood state and changes in stress hormones following an ultraendurance race. 885 2

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) may initially present with cutaneous hyperpigmentation. Addison's disease, when associated with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is referred to as polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II. We present the case of a patient who initially was diagnosed as having Grave's disease and eventually Addison's disease due to persistent cutaneous hyperpigmentation, fatigue, weight loss, hypotension, hyponatremia, peripheral eosinophilia, and positive results of a synthetic corticotropin stimulation test. Addison's disease, polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II, and cutaneous hyperpigmentation are reviewed.
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PMID:Cutaneous hyperpigmentation and polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II. 904 Sep 76

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a relatively rare but serious condition that can lead to signs and symptoms ranging from mild generalized weakness and fatigue to fulminant shock and death. We present the case of a previously healthy 31-year-old man who developed PAI while undergoing rehabilitation after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The patient suffered a TBI with comminuted skull fractures, bifrontal confusions, and bilateral epidural hematomas in a jet-ski accident. Acute hospitalization was prolonged by several medical complications, and the patient was admitted for subacute rehabilitation 1 month after his injury with cognitive deficits, persistent agitation, confusion, generalized weakness, and poor endurance for therapy. His weakness, fatigue, and orthostasis did not improve with attempts at gradual remobilization. The patient also had persistent anorexia, nausea, and hyponatremia despite various treatment regimens. Endocrinology workup showed normal anterior pituitary function but an abnormal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation, leading to the diagnosis of PAI. The patient was treated with prednisone and fludrocortisone, which resulted in improvement in clinical symptoms followed by rapid gains in all functional areas. No previous descriptions of PAI following head injury were found in the medical literature. It is important for physiatrists to be aware of this entity because symptoms of adrenal insufficiency can be similar to those commonly seen with TBI alone. PAI may also be confused with other endocrine disorders more frequently seen after TBI such as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Recognition and appropriate management of adrenal insufficiency can lead to significant clinical and functional gains.
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PMID:Primary adrenal insufficiency following traumatic brain injury: a case report and review of the literature. 908 56

We present two patients with manifest acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suffering from a generalized cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Over the course of several weeks they had developed a state of increasing lethargy and fatigue and one patient had noticed a darkening of his skin. These and other symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea, hypotension) were suggestive of adrenal insufficiency. Laboratory findings included an increase of serum potassium levels, a decrease of serum sodium concentrations and elevated levels of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These findings, as well as the prompt therapeutic response to hydrocortisone established the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Although definitive proof is lacking, generalised CMV infection is the most likely cause of our patients' symptoms. For the early initiation of appropriate substitution therapy, persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with signs of CMV infection should be carefully and repeatedly monitored for clinical and laboratory signs of adrenal insufficiency.
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PMID:Primary adrenal insufficiency in two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with disseminated cytomegaloviral infection. 940 82

Effects of a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor and oral amino acid supplementations on physical and mental performance as well as neuroendocrine variables were investigated. 10 male subjects cycled in four trials until exhaustion. Participants ingested a placebo in trial (T) I, 20 mg paroxetine in T II, 21 g branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in T III and 20g tyrosine (TYR) in T IV. Heart rate, capillary lactate, plasma insulin, free fatty acids, glucose, serotonin and beta-endorphin did not differ in trials. Plasma ammonia increments during exercise were higher in T III. Plasma BCAA in T III and plasma TYR in T IV were increased after 30 min of exercise according to the supplemented substances. In contrast to all other trials, the ratio of plasma free TRP/BCAA did not increase in T III. Plasma TYR/BCAA was augmented in T IV and decreased in T III after 30 min of exercise, whereas it did not change in T I and II. Plasma prolactin (PRL), growth hormone, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, norepinephrine and epinephrine increased during all trials. Plasma PRL increments were higher in T IV. Exhaustion was reached earlier in T II. No significant differences were found between other trials. Drive during psychometric testing subsequent to exercise was improved in T III and IV. The results indicate that fatigue during endurance exercise was increased by pharmacological augmentation of the brain serotonergic activity. However, a reduction of 5-HT synthesis via BCAA supplementation did not affect physical fatigue. TYR administration did not alter physical performance either although plasma PRL increments suggest that changes in the monoaminergic system were induced. Precaution is necessary before assuming an ergogenic value of amino acids.
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PMID:Influence of paroxetine, branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine on neuroendocrine system responses and fatigue in humans. 962 32

Using the multiple psychophysiological testing for 73 Chornobyl NPP control room operators (N = 1270 subject tests) there were revealed, that the information processing effectiveness significantly decreases during night shift, whereas during morning and evening shifts it is maintaining at the constant level practically. This is caused, on the one hand, by the circadian rhythms peculiarities of the different occupationally vital performance parameters (performance speed functions deteriorate under the absence of the improvement of others at night, while at the day time there are observed the different directioned changes for the different functions), on the other hand--by the more sensitivity of the body to the fatigue and work tension at night. The significant expression of the manifestation of natural circadian rhythms in the variations of the professionally important parameters of the operators' mental activity has been connected with the increased influence of the unfavourable factors on the workers' functional body state. There are revealed the more sensitivity of the information processing speed parameters to the fatigue in comparison with an accuracy, and the more sensitivity of the mental activity accuracy to the lengthy supported level of the nervous-emotional work tension in comparison with a speed.
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PMID:[The combined effect of work stress, fatigue and circadian rhythms on the efficiency of mental activity in operators]. 986 23

The cardinal clinical manifestations of major depression with melancholic features include sustained anxiety and dread for the future as well as evidence of physiological hyperarousal (e.g., sustained hyperactivity of the two principal effectors of the stress response, the corticotropin-releasing-hormone, or CRH, system, and the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine, or LC-NE, system). Sustained stress system activation in melancholic depression is thought to confer both behavioral arousal as well as the hypercortisolism, sympathetic nervous system activation, and inhibition of programs for growth and reproduction that consistently occur in this disorder. Data also suggest that activation of the CRH and LC systems in melancholia are involved in the long-term medical consequences of depression such as premature coronary artery disease and osteoporosis, the two-three-fold preponderance of females in the incidence of major depression, and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. In addition, recent data reveal important bidirectional interactions between stress-system hormonal factors in depression and neural substrates implicated in many discrete behavioral alterations in depression (e.g., the medial prefrontal cortex, important in shifting affect based on internal and external cues, the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system, and the amygdala fear system). We have also advanced data indicating that the hypersomnia, hyperphagia, lethargy, fatigue, and relative apathy of the syndrome of atypical depression are associated with concomitant hypofunctioning of the CRH and LC-NE systems. These data indicate the need for an entirely different therapeutic strategy than that used in melancholia for the treatment of atypical depression, and they suggest that this subtype of major depression will be associated with its own unique repertoire of long-term medical consequences.
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PMID:The endocrinology of melancholic and atypical depression: relation to neurocircuitry and somatic consequences. 989 54


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