Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A significant number of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-containing cells were detected in the rat median eminence (ME) by immunocytochemistry using an antibody raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the cleavage site between adrenocorticotropin and beta-lipotropin moieties. Distribution of POMC-positive cells was restricted to the internal zone of the anterior parts of the ME. Such cells were observed as early as the 14th day of gestation in the area of the primitive ME, long before glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells appeared postnatally in this structure. Dissociated cell cultures obtained from the ME of 1-day-old rats produced cells immunoreactive for neurofilaments and the POMC moiety. Such cells displayed a neuronal morphology: the cell body was oval (13-18 microns) with long and fine beaded fibers. These findings clearly demonstrate the early appearance of POMC neurons in the developmental ME, a target organ of the hypothalamic infundibular neurons.
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PMID:Pro-opiomelanocortin-containing neurons in rat median eminence. 140 71

In an earlier study we found that a substantial percentage of mice surviving infection with canine distemper virus (CDV) slowly developed a morbid obesity syndrome. In the present study we wished to explore the role of the virus in the development of this syndrome. The distribution of viral antigen(s) in brains of pre-obese animals shortly after intracerebral infection was mapped using immunocytochemical procedures. A distinctive pattern of cell labeling was found, extending from the anterior periventricular hypothalamus ventrally and caudally toward the posterior hypothalamus. The heaviest concentration of labeled cells was found in the arcuate-ventromedial area. Viral antigen-containing cells were not found in obese brain specimens. However, the latter revealed, by glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining, a gliotic lesion of the hypothalamus that approximated topographically the pattern of virus tropism. Examination of the arcuate area revealed a significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA positive perikarya. We suggest that the loss of critical populations of hypothalamic neurons as a result of an antecedent viral infection led ultimately to the development of morbid obesity.
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PMID:Virus-induced obesity in mice: association with a hypothalamic lesion. 174 Jun 70

Adenomas of the pars intermedia from 19 horses and normal pituitary glands from seven horses were evaluated histologically and immunocytochemically for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), beta-endorphin (beta-END), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), prolactin, neuron specific enolase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The 26 horses ranged in age from 7 to 31 years. Histologically, all adenomas had a uniform pattern characterized by cords of large columnar cells forming palisades and pseudoacini separated by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. Immunostaining of adenomas derived from the pars intermedia was similar to that of non-neoplastic equine pars intermedia. An immunocytochemical evaluation revealed a diffuse, strong cytoplasmic reaction for POMC, a moderate to strong reaction for alpha-MSH and beta-END, a weak reaction for ACTH, and negative immunostaining for prolactin, GFAP, and neuron specific enolase in the adenomas. The unique clinicopathologic syndrome that develops in horses with pituitary adenomas appears to be the result of an over-production of POMC-derived peptides in addition to space-occupying effects resulting in dysfunction of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides in pituitary adenomas of the pars intermedia in horses. 217 80

Peptide, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-, tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH)-, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-like immunoreactivity was studied in the optic tectum of Rana pipiens. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescence single- and double-labeling methods were used to compare differential laminar distribution of each of these substances. Substance P (SP), leucine-enkephalin (LENK), cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8), bombesin (BOM), avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP), and possibly neurotensin display unique individual patterns of laminar distribution of processes and cell bodies throughout the tectum. A correlative analysis of the topographical distribution of SP, LENK, BOM, and APP on the basis of double-labeled sections shows a precise laminar segregation of these substances. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-, beta-endorphin-, and ranatensinlike immunoreactivity is consistently absent from our material. 5HT- and TOH-like immunoreactivity discloses a reticular array of fibers without clear evidence of laminar organization. This peptide-like laminar organization is particularly elaborate throughout the superficial neuropil of the optic tectum, the major retinorecipient zone. The pattern of lamination demonstrated in the present study differs in several important features from that previously described on the basis of several histological methods. The cells of origin of processes (axons and/or dendrites) in the superficial tectal neuropil may be either intrinsic or extrinsic to the tectum. Special reference is made to conflicting evidence regarding the possibility of a retinal contribution to peptide-like tectal lamination.
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PMID:Laminar organization of peptide-like immunoreactivity in the anuran optic tectum. 619 80

A patient with mild acromegaly had recurrence of symptoms and signs of a chiasmal-area lesion seventeen years after radiation therapy for a presumed pituitary adenoma. A mass was found anterior to the pituitary gland. Abnormal tissue removed from the sphenoid sinus and sella turcica consisted of a predominantly ganglion-cell lesion. A few ganglion cells were immunoreactive for somatostatin. There were some small cysts lined by cells with immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein, growth hormone or prolactin. Some cells with vacuoles and eosinophilic granules showed immunostaining for growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, and beta-endorphin and, thus, appeared to be of adenohypophyseal origin. Cases of intrasellar ganglion-cell lesions have been reported, most of them associated with pituitary adenomas and acromegaly. The findings in this case are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that displaced, hypothalamic-type ganglion cells may produce a growth hormone-releasing factor that stimulates the development of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. An alternative hypothesis is suggested that includes this concept, but also allows for the influence of non-neuronal cells on neuronal differentiation and for the possible influence of adenohypophyseal hormones on the replication of hypothalamic-type neurons in the lesion.
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PMID:Intrasellar neural-adenohypophyseal choristoma. A morphological and immunocytochemical study. 704 19

A case of a parotid mass in a 2-year-old boy, postoperatively diagnosed as neuroblastoma, a rare tumour not previously reported in the parotid gland is presented. The neoplasm developed within the parotid gland as a painless mass without regional lymphadenopathy. Histopathologically, the tumour showed primitive nerve cells-neuroblasts-with round or oval dark basophilic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. The cells were arranged in circular rosettes around an eosinophilic mass consisting of very fine filaments originating in the tumour cells or papillary configuration and sometimes scattered in the poorly developed stroma. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the tumour showed a positive immunoreactivity for vimentin, alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein, neurone-specific enolase (NSE), substance P, met-enkephalin and chromogranin but cytokeratins, desmin, actin, myosin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) were negative. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings conclude a diagnosis of neuroblastoma of the parotid gland.
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PMID:Neuroblastoma of parotid gland: report of a case and immunohistochemical characteristics. 770 7

Beta-endorphin may induce respiratory depression and bradycardia. Elevated levels of hypoxanthine (HX) in vitreous humour (VH) may possibly indicate hypoxia before death. Furthermore, gliosis in the brain stem may reflect a previous hypoxic/ischaemic injury in the brain. In the present study we relate beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (BENDI) in the CSF to the presence or absence of reactive astrocytosis in the nucleus olivae inferior (NOI). The relationship between the HX concentration in VH and the number of reactive astrocytes in sudden infant death (SID) cases (n = 17) and controls (n = 23) was also studied. The number of reactive astrocytes was examined in the NOI by immunohistochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The BENDI in CSF and the number of reactive astrocytes in the NOI divided the SID victims into two subpopulations (P < 0.01). One had a median of < 4 fmol/ml BENDI in CSF (range < 4) and 2 reactive astrocytes (range 0-15), and was similar to the controls that died from infections. The other subpopulation had a median of 260 fmol/ml BENDI in CSF (range 160-400) and 13 reactive astrocytes (range 7-33), similar to the control infants with previous hypoxia. In this latter SID subpopulation the number of reactive astrocytes correlated positively with BENDI in CSF (r = 0.7, P < 0.05). All the SID victims had elevated levels of HX in VH. In the SID subpopulation with high level of BENDI in CSF and increased number of activated astrocytes, the correlation factor between HX in VH and activated astrocytes was r = 0.7 (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in spinal fluid and hypoxanthine in vitreous humour related to brain stem gliosis in sudden infant death victims. 795 29

The cellular nature of the giant eosinophilic cells of tuber and of the cells comprising subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in tuberous sclerosis (TS) remains unclear. To assess the characteristics of these lesions, 13 tubers and 6 SEGA were immunohistochemically studied with glial and neuron-associated antigens. In addition to conventional ultrastructure, 6 tubers and 8 SEGA were subjected to immunoelectron microscopic study for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and somatostatin. Eosinophilic giant cells of tubers were positive for vimentin (100%), GFAP (77%) and S-100 protein (92%); such cells were also found to a various extent to be reactive for neuron-associated antigens, including neurofilament (NF) proteins (38%) or class III beta-tubulin (77%). SEGA also showed variable immunoreactivity for GFAP (50%) or for S-100 protein (100%); NF epitopes, class III beta-tubulin, and calbindin 28-kD were expressed in 2 (33%), 5 (83%) and 4 (67%) cases, respectively. Cytoplasmic staining for somatostatin (50%), met-enkephalin (50%), 5-hydroxytryptamine (33%), beta-endorphin (33%) and neuropeptide Y (17%) was noted in SEGA, but not in tubers. Ultrastructurally, the giant cells of tubers and the cells of SEGA contained numerous intermediate filaments, frequent lysosomes and occasional rectangular or rhomboid membrane-bound crystalloids exhibiting lamellar periodicity and structural transition to lysosomes. Some SEGA cells showed features suggestive of neuronal differentiation, including stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum, occasional microtubules and a few dense-core granules. Furthermore, in one case of tuber, a process of a single large cell was seen to be engaged in synapse formation. Intermediate filaments within a few cells of both lesions were decorated by gold particle-labeled GFAP antiserum. Within the tumor cells of SEGA, irregular, non-membrane-bound, electron-lucent areas often contained somatostatin-immunoreactive particles, whereas the latter could not be detected in tuber. The present study provides further evidence of divergent glioneuronal differentiation, both in the giant cells of tubers and the cells of SEGA. The findings of similar cells at different sites, including the subependymal zone, white matter ("heterotopias"), and cortex indirectly supports the idea that these lesions of TS result from a migration abnormality.
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PMID:Tuber and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis: an immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and immunoelectron and microscopic study. 854 29

This study demonstrated morphological changes in glial-like cells of the rat pituitary intermediate lobe during early postnatal development, and a subsequent shift in protein expression from vimentin to GFAP. Vimentin immunoreactivity was detected in the lobe at embryo day 14 and was localized in radially-oriented, bipolar cells whose processes spanned the thickness of the intermediate lobe. At electron microscopical resolution, processes contained intermediate filaments, cell nuclei were indented while secretory vesicles characteristic of the endocrine cells were not found. Vimentin immunoreactive intensity began to decrease at postnatal day 5. By postnatal day 7, vimentin-positive, stellate cells were observed, with few radial processes found by day 10. The intensity of vimentin immunoreactivity decreased through day 25. Within the lobe parenchyma, vimentin was localized in glial-like cells since double-label immunohistochemistry revealed no colocalization of beta-endorphin and vimentin, or fibronectin and vimentin. Dopamine-containing axons were in close apposition to vimentin-positive processes. GFAP immunoreactivity first appeared on postnatal day 20 and, by day 25, stellate cell bodies with three to six extended processes were evident. Cells were primarily distributed in the caudal third of the lobe. The characteristic adult pattern of cell clusters in latero-dorsal and ventral portions of the lobe was fully established by postnatal day 55. The transition from vimentin to GFAP expression and concurrent morphological changes resemble those described for radial glial during cerebral cortical development.
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PMID:Glial-like cells of the rat pituitary intermediate lobe change morphology and shift from vimentin to GFAP expression during development. 855 90

A 75-year-old female presented with a suprasellar granular cell tumor. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a high dense suprasellar mass with strong postcontrast enhancement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a round suprasellar mass, which was hyperintense on the T1-weighted images with nonhomogeneous enhancement after the administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta- acetic acid, and hypointense on the T2-weighted images. Cerebral angiography demonstrated no abnormal findings. The tumor was partially removed via a right frontotemporal craniotomy. The histological diagnosis was suprasellar granular cell tumor. Her postoperative course was uneventful other than mild and transient diabetes insipidus. She has remained asymptomatic without CT evidence of tumor regrowth for 20 months after the surgery. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive reaction for S-100 protein in the tumor cell nuclei, but no reaction for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein, Leu-7, oxytocin, beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and vimentin. This case provides additional evidence for the astrocytic origin of suprasellar granular cell tumor.
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PMID:Suprasellar granular cell tumor. 874 Dec 54


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