Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polyadenylate-containing RNA prepared from the membrane fraction of bovine anterior pituitary gland was shown to direct the synthesis of a large translation product related to corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ. This product was identified by immunoprecipitation with specific antibody against corticotropin, followed by electrophoretic analysis of the dissociated immunoprecipitate on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. Further evidence for the identity of the translation product was provided by the presence of a common peptide in the chymotryptic digest of [35S]methionine-labeled cell-free product and in that of authentic corticotropin. The molecular weight of the translation product was estimated to be approximately 35,000, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that corticotropin messenger RNA directs the cell-free synthesis of a product that contains the amino acid sequence of corticotropin but is much larger than this hormone.
 ...
PMID:A large product of cell-free translation of messenger RNA coding for corticotropin. 18 32

A benign adrenal medullary tumor that secreted adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was associated with bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia and clinically evident Cushing syndrome. The clinical and chemical features were those usually associated with pituitary Cushing disease, including partial suppression of urinary OH steroids after administration of 8 mg of dexamethasone. The fractionization of the tumor's ACTH revealed 70% little "biologically active" ACTH, which is usually found in this concentration only in pituitary tissue.
 ...
PMID:ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma. 18 97

Steroidogenesis by Y-1 adrenal tumor cells in culture is stimulated by ATP, adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (App(NH)), adenosine 5'(beta, alpha-methylene)triphosphate (App(CH2)p), ADP, AMP, NAD, FAD, and adenosine but not by adenine or other nucleoside triphosphates. ATP, App(NH)p, App(CH2)p, and adenosine are active in the micromolar range. Like adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the onset of stimulation is immediate and occurs to the same extent. Also active are 2'- and 5'-deoxyadenosine and 2-chloroadenosine whereas adenine xyloside, L-riboside, or arabinoside have very low activity. Stimulation is accompanied by rounding of the cells. Dipyridamole, an inhibitor of adenosine transport, increased the response to low concentrations of adenosine, suggesting that adenosine acts externally. Stimulation of steroidogenesis by adenosine or phosphorylated adenosine compounds fails to occur in the presence of crystalline adenosine deaminase, and the effect of the enzyme on adenosine, ATP, or NAD stimulation is reversed by the competitive inhibitor erythro-9-[3-(nonane-2-ol)]adenine. This suggests that the enzyme acts specifically on adenosine and a requirement for the conversion of the above compounds to adenosine seems probable. The inhibition of cAMP effects by adenosine deaminase suggests that some of its effects are also mediated by conversion to adenosine. Similar stimulation is seen in I-10 Leydig tumor cells, but an ACTH-resistant mutant of Y-1 cells, called OS-3, is relatively resistant to adenosine. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine stimulate adenylate cyclase in membranes from Y-1 and I-10 cells at concentrations slightly greater than are effective for steroidogenesis. Other nucleosides are ineffective. Like the NH2-terminal 24 residues of adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24 ACTH), the adenosine effect in Y-1 membranes is rapid and is on the Vmax intercept (versus ATP) and not on the Km. In contrast to steroidogenesis, adenosine is only a partial agonist for adenylate cyclase. It effect occurs in the presence of ITP, GTP, or guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). Theophylline inhibits adenosine-stimulated steroidogenesis. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase occurs in the same concentration range but is of the mixed type.
 ...
PMID:Activation of steroidogenesis and adenylate cyclase by adenosine in adrenal and Leydig tumor cells. 18 24

In the adrenal gland of the rat, the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-controlling enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, is shown to be regulated by cholesteerol carried in plasma lipoproteins. When plasma cholesterol levels were lowered 90% by administration of the drug 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine, the cholesteryl ester content of the adrenal gland declined by more than 90% and this was associated with a 150- to 200-fold increase in the activity of adrenal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and a 30-fold increase in cholesterol synthesis from [14C]acetate. The subsequent intravenous infusion of cholesterol contained in either rat or human high density or low density lipoproteins restored the adrenal content of cholesteryl esters and reduced the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase to basal levels. The depletion of adrenal cholesteryl esters and the enhancement in the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase that occurred in the 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine-treated rat required the action of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) since neither was observed when ACTH secretion was blocked by administration of dexamethasone. The current data indicate that the low rate of cholesterol synthesis normally observed in the rat adrenal gland is due to a suppression of the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase that is mediated by plasma lipoproteins.
 ...
PMID:Lipoprotein-mediated regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and cholesteryl ester metabolism in the adrenal gland of the rat. 19 Feb 40

In examination of 123 patients with diabetes mellitus. Itsenko-Cushing disease, Addison's disease, thyrotoxicosis and adiposity there was revealed an increase in the content of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the blood. Comparison of the ACTH and cortizol concentration in the blood permitted to suppose a different mechanism of the derangements revealed. An increase of the adrenocorticotropic function of the hypophysis in diabetes mellitus, Itsenko-Cushing disease and thyrotoxicosis was accompanied by a rise in the blood cortizol level. A fall of glucocorticoid function of the adrenal glands in Addison's disease and a relative hypocorticism in the patients with adiposity caused a compensatory intensification of the ACTH secretion.
 ...
PMID:[Adrenocorticotropic function of the pituitary gland in endocrine diseases]. 19 3

Adrenal steroid secretion rates and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system were studied in the normothermic marmot. Adrenal secretion by the anesthetized, laparotomized marmot was (mean +/- SEM); aldosterone 1.2 +/- 0.3 ng/min, deoxycorticosterone 16.7 +/- 11.5 ng/min, corticosterone 15.2 +/- 7.8 ng/min, and cortisol 554 +/- 108 ng/min. Four forcings were investigated that affect feedback control at different sites: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and angiotensin II (AII) infusion, sodium (Na) depletion, and Na loading. Plasma aldosterone, cortisol, Na, and potassium (K) concentrations as well as plasma renin activity (PRA) hematocrit (Hct), and in some studies, blood pressure were measured. ACTH infusion increased the plasma concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol. AII infusion increased aldosterone concentration, blood pressure, and Hct. Na depletion increased aldosterone, Hct, and PRA; plasma Na and K were decreased. Aldosterone concentration, Hct, and PRA decreased after salt loading. Normothermic, salt-depleted marmots demonstrated a pronounced fall in blood pressure following infusion of the AII analog, 1-sarcosine-8-alanine AII. The average plasma values for aldosterone, PRA, and cortisol found in 44 control animals were: aldosterone 3.8 +/- 0.3 ng/100 ml, PRA 1.9 +/- 0.2 ng AI-ml-1-h-1, and cortisol 54 +/- 4 ng/ml. It was concluded that normothermic marmots have a RAA system comparable to other mammalian species.
 ...
PMID:Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of the normothermic marmot. 19 79

A highly purified preparation of high-molecular-weight adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was prepared from ovine pituitary glands by dilute acetic acid extraction, oxycellulose fractionation. Sephadex gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on immobilized alphap(1-39)ACTH antibodies. Two ACTH peptides of molecular weights of 24 000 and 34 000 were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in this preparation. It appeared that the immobilized antibodies adsorbed two forms equally well and could not distinguish between them under the conditions used. These two ACTH peptides were found to be present in crude extracts of ovine pituitary glands, indicating that they were not artifacts produced by the purification procedure. The high-molecular-weight forms of ACTH were found to be susceptible to degradation by tissue enzymes. They could be easily destroyed during the extraction, if precautions were not taken. Moreover, they were poorly adsorbed by oxycellulose which had been used for the adsorption of ACTH activity from crude preparations by most investigators. These properties probably accounted for the fact that high-molecular-weight forms of ACTH remained undetected until very recently.
 ...
PMID:Purification and characterization of high-molecular-weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone of ovine pituitary glands. 19 94

The effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on pure exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in 7 subjects with external transduodenal drainage of the main pancreatic duct performed after biliary tract surgery. Intravenous injection of 0.25 mg of ACTH during a prolonged intravenous infusion of secretin (0.5 clinical units per kg-hr) plus cholecystokinin (0.5 Ivy dog units per kg-hr) significantly reduced protein and lipase (both concentration and output) without affecting volume and bicarbonate secretion. The reduction appeared soon after ACTH injection (peak inhibition in the first 15-min period) and lasted about 75 min. The adrenocortical response to ACTH reached its peak at the 60th min. The mechanism by which the pituitary hormone selectively inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion without affecting volume and bicarbonate remains to be clarified.
 ...
PMID:Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on pure exocrine pancreatic secretion in man. 19 74

Some aspects of adrenocortical function were investigated in young male guinea pigs fed an ascorbic acid (AsA)-deficient diet for 7 days, followed by 0.1 mg AsA/100 g body weight/day for 4 days; pair-fed guinea pigs served as controls. Ninety minutes prior to killine, all guinea pigs received either an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or saline injection, and 30 minutes prior to killing, all were injected with 20 muCi 45Ca/100 g body weight intraperitoneally. AsA restriction alone caused an 89% reduction in adrenal AsA concentration, but growth rate, adrenal weight and plasma ACTH were not different from those of pair-fed controls. Adrenal radiocalcium uptake, adrenal calcium content and plasma corticosteroids were similar in saline-treated guinea pigs restricted in AsA and the ACTH-treated controls, all of which were significantly higher than the values observed in saline-injected controls. Similar responses of the ACTH-treated controls and the saline-treated mildly deficient guinea pigs indicated that, at the adrenal AsA levels achieved (4.45 to 7.02 mg/100 g tissue), adrenal calcium and plasma corticosteroids increased significantly without the mediation of ACTH.
 ...
PMID:Influence of vitamin C restriction on guinea pig adrenal calcium and plasma corticosteroids. 19 18

In agreement with earlier results, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) enhances spermatogenesis in the snail. Thyreotropic hormone (TSH), which resembles FSH in its chemical structure, acts in the same way as does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to a lesser extent. As opposed to FSH, TSH and ACTH clearly increased the number of mature egg cells. The experiments support the view that the gonad cells of the snails respond to vertebrate hormones, and that the hormones have overlapping effects at this level.
 ...
PMID:Overlapping effects of different pituitary hormones on the oogenesis and spermatogenesis of Helix pomatia. 19 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>