Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was conducted to compare the effects of central alpha-MSH, a potent anorexigenic signal, in lines of chickens that have undergone long-term divergent selection for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight. Chicks from both lines were centrally injected with 0, 24, 120 or 600 pmol alpha-MSH and feed and water intake were concurrently measured thereafter for a total of 180 min. The LWS line responded to all doses of alpha-MSH with a similar potent decrease in feed intake at all observation times. The HWS line only responded to 600 pmol alpha-MSH with decreased feed intake. alpha-MSH did not influence water intake in either line. To determine if differential hypothalamic signaling was associated with the anorexigenic effect, c-Fos immunoreactivity was measured in appetite-related hypothalamic nuclei after 600 pmol central alpha-MSH injections. c-Fos immunoreactivity was increased in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventromedial hypothalamus in both lines after alpha-MSH; however, the magnitude of increase was greater in LWS than in HWS chicks at the PVN (136% vs. 47% increase over controls, respectively). Based on behavior observations, the number of feeding and exploratory pecks is decreased with greater magnitude after alpha-MSH in the LWS line. Additionally, alpha-MSH was associated with increased deep rest in both lines, and may be a secondary effect to reduced ingestion. These data support that the LWS line has a lower threshold for the anorexigenic effect of central alpha-MSH while in the HWS line this threshold is higher, and that this difference may be associated with differential hypothalamic signaling. Genetic variation exists in the threshold of anorexigenic response for central alpha-MSH in LWS and HWS lines of chickens with possible implications to other species including humans.
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PMID:Differential feeding responses to central alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in genetically low and high body weight selected lines of chickens. 1860 34

Chickens selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight for more than 56 generations now have a 10-fold difference in body weight at 56 days of age and correlated responses in appetite and glucose regulation. The LWS chickens are lean and some are anorexic, while the HWS are compulsive feeders and have a different threshold sensitivity of food intake and blood glucose to both central and peripheral insulin, respectively. We previously demonstrated that at 90-days of age, insulin-induced hypoglycemia was associated with reduced glucose transporter expression in the liver of both lines, and differences in expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptor sub-type genes between LWS and HWS in the hypothalamus. The objective of this study was to determine effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on gene expression in the hypothalamus and liver of early post-hatch LWS and HWS chicks. On day 5 post-hatch chicks from each line were fasted for 3h and injected intraperitoneally with insulin or vehicle. At 1h post-injection, chicks were euthanized, blood glucose was measured, and hypothalamus and liver were removed. Total RNA was isolated and real time PCR performed. Insulin injection was associated with a more pronounced reduction in blood glucose in HWS compared with LWS chicks (two-way interaction; P<0.05). Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, NPY, and NPY receptor sub-types 2 and 5 mRNA quantities were greater in LWS than HWS chicks in the hypothalamus (P<0.05), whereas pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA was greater in the hypothalamus of HWS than LWS (P<0.05). In the liver, glucose transporter 1, 2 and 3 (GLUT 1, 2 and 3, respectively) mRNA abundance was greater in HWS than LWS chicks (P<0.05). Compared to the vehicle, insulin treatment was associated with an increase in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 mRNA in the hypothalamus of both lines (P=0.02). In the liver of both lines, insulin treatment was associated with decreased (P=0.01) GLUT2 mRNA and increased (P=0.01) GLUT1 mRNA, compared to vehicle-treated chicks. Results suggest that NPY-associated factors and glucose transporters are differentially-expressed between LWS and HWS chickens and that HWS chicks display greater sensitivity to exogenous insulin during the early post-hatch period.
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PMID:Insulin-induced hypoglycemia associations with gene expression changes in liver and hypothalamus of chickens from lines selected for low or high body weight. 2515 91

We have demonstrated that chicken lines which have undergone intense divergent selection for either low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight (anorexic and obese containing, respectively) have differential food intake threshold responses to a range of intracerebroventricular injected neurotransmitters. The study reported herein was designed to measure endogenous appetite-associated factor mRNA profiles between these lines in an effort to further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in their differential eating patterns. Whole hypothalamus was collected from 5 day-old chicks that had been fasted for 180 min or had free access to food. Total RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed, and real-time PCR performed. Although mRNAs encoding orexigenic neuropeptides including agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), prolactin-releasing peptide, and visfatin did not differ in expression between the lines, NPY receptor 5 mRNA was greater in fed LWS than HWS chicks, but fasting decreased the magnitude of difference. Anorexigenic factors including amylin, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and ghrelin were not differentially expressed between lines, while mRNA abundance of calcitonin, CRF receptor 1, leptin receptor, neuropeptide S, melanocortin receptor 3, and oxytocin were greater in LWS than HWS chicks. Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA was lower in LWS than HWS chicks, while fasting decreased its expression in both lines. These results suggest that there are differences in gene expression of appetite-associated factors between LWS and HWS lines that might be associated with their differential food intake and thus contribute to differences in severity of anorexia, body weight, adiposity, and development of obesity.
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PMID:Fed and fasted chicks from lines divergently selected for low or high body weight have differential hypothalamic appetite-associated factor mRNA expression profiles. 2567 48