Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following 1-4 days of food-deprivation (FD) male rats were sacrificed. The pituitary and different regions of brain were analyzed for beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI), dynorphin (dyn) and methionine-enkephalin (ME) content by RIA. Pituitary beta-EI increased by 16, 28 and 43% on days 2, 3 and 4 of FD. In striatum also, beta-EI increased by 140 and 176% on days 2 and 3 of FD. Dyn level in pituitary was not affected but decreased in hypothalamus by 20% and in striatum by 73% on the 4th day of FD. There was a significant decrease (33-55%) in ME levels in striatum, hippocampus and cortex on 4th day of FD. When food-deprived rats were fed for 24 hr, concentration of most of the opioid peptides returned to basal level. These results suggest that FD in rats affects the opioid peptide levels in a differential manner.
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PMID:Food deprivation-induced changes in the level of opioid peptides in the pituitary and brain of rat. 394 64

A 33-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Medical School with a complaint of headache. There were no neurological deficits on admission. Craniogram demonstrated a so-called "phantom sella". A computed tomography revealed a high density mass lesion and the mass was enhanced well, that mainly extended from the sella to the left middle cranial fossa. The left carotid angiogram revealed an avascular mass lesion extending from the sella to the left middle cranial fossa. Pituitary function tests revealed an extremely high serum prolactin (PRL) levels (70, 100 ng/ml). PRL response to TRH was delayed in peak and the high level continued. Serum PRL levels elevated to 90, 800 ng/ml at 180 min after injection of TRH. A biphasic response was demonstrated in response to CB-154 suppression test to PRL secretion, that is, CB-154 stimulated PRL release initially (up to 90 min) and suppressed thereafter. Serum PRL levels (178, 400 ng/ml) reached to peak about 90 min after CB-154 administration. Response of growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to insulin were also impaired. Craniotomy was performed. The tumor was partially removed and was diagnosed as a prolactinoma histologically. Tumor tissue removed was subjected to the monolayer culture and electron microscopic study. Their observations demonstrated hyperactive PRL secretion of the individual cells. A total dose of 5,000 rads was irradiated postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of male prolactinoma presenting extremely high serum prolactin levels and biphasic response to CB-154 suppression test]. 404 Dec 91

Pituitary cells were isolated from adult human pituitary glands obtained at autopsy 4-12 h postmortem by enzyme treatment (collagenase and dispase) and by Percoll density gradients. Cells thus isolated were maintained in culture for more than 6 months. By immunoperoxidase staining methods using rabbit sera monospecific against various pituitary hormones, a large number of cultured cells reacted positively. The hormones identified in these cells were growth hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and thyrotropin. Electron-microscopic examination of cultured cells revealed the presence of secretory granules in cytoplasm characteristic of in vivo human pituitary cells.
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PMID:Isolation, culture and cell-type identification of adult human pituitary cells. 408 22

Diazepam-induced feeding in rats is antagonized not only by the opiate antagonist naloxone but also intraventricular administration of specific antisera to the endogenous opioid peptides met-enkephalin or beta-endorphin. Pituitary beta-endorphin is probably not implicated in the diazepam effect since blockade with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone of the release of beta-endorphin from the anterior pituitary does not modify the diazepam-induced feeding, which is however prevented by TRH, a suggested physiological antagonist of some of the effects of opioid peptides. The possible central participation of both beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin in the ingestive behavior induced by diazepam gives further support to the postulated physiological role of endogenous opioids in appetite regulation.
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PMID:Antagonism of diazepam-induced feeding in rats by antisera to opioid peptides. 609 Aug 35

Intravenous (iv) bolus injection of 320 and 640 micrograms/Kg of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of S. sonnei (either in phase I or in phase II) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in mean arterial pressure, when given in freely moving rats. No changes were observed in plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP), ACTH and corticosterone levels. Pituitary beta-EP content was not modified 1 h after iv injection of LPS. Data suggest that doses of LPS, which are able to produce reversible hypotension, do not alter pro-opiocortin cleavage and corticosterone release.
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PMID:Shigella sonnei endotoxin reduces arterial blood pressure but does not alter pituitary pro-opiocortin cleavage and corticosterone release in the rat. 609 Nov 99

Eighteen postmenopausal women with severe hot flashes had continuous recordings of finger temperature and skin resistance as objective indexes of flushing episodes, and serial measurements of anterior pituitary hormones as indirect indexes of hypothalamic neurotransmitter activity. Significant increases of growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) occurred with maximal concentrations at 30, five, and 15 minutes, respectively, after the onset of the skin temperature rises. No significant fluctuations of prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were observed. The mean serum cortisol concentration increased 15 minutes after the hot flash, presumably consequent to the preceding elevation of ACTH. Pituitary ACTH release may be secondary to hypothalamic cooling, whereas increased growth hormone and LH output and the thermoregulatory adjustments comprising the flushing episodes are all consistent with cyclic episodes of increased hypothalamic norepinephrine activity.
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PMID:Pituitary hormones during the menopausal hot flash. 609 54

The developmental pattern of hypothalamic and pituitary somatostatin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) was studied in the rat by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Prenatally hypothalamic somatostatin was low and the first increase in content occurred on day 5 of the postnatal period. Pituitary somatostatin was undetectable prenatally and was first detected on day 6 postnatally. Pituitary somatostatin showed the same development pattern as hypothalamic somatostatin. Whole pituitaries were analyzed from the fetuses and neonates. Analysis of anterior and posterior lobes from adults revealed that all the somatostatin was in the posterior lobe. Therefore, it is believed that the somatostatin found in the glands of the younger animals was in the neural lobe. alpha-MSH was detected in the fetal hypothalamus as early as day 16, with a marked increase occurring on day 19 prenatally and a further increase on day 10 postnatally. Pituitary alpha-MSH content, readily detectable on the first day examined, i.e. day 16 of the fetal period, increased throughout development. The effect of alpha-MSH on the release of growth hormone in vitro from pituitaries of rats of various ages was tested. alpha-MSH had no effect on growth hormone release.
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PMID:Pre- and postnatal developmental changes in hypothalamic and pituitary content of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and somatostatin in the rat. 614 54

Obese mice (C57BL/6J ob/ob) and their lean littermates were studied at various ages from immediately post weaning until 62 weeks of age, at which mortality increased markedly. Several age-related changes were noted. 1) Plasma glucose levels were elevated in obese mice 5-20 weeks and 62 weeks of age, but were similar to those in the lean mice at 20-60 weeks of age. Plasma insulin levels were elevated in obese mice, and there were no age-related differences. 2) Brain serotonin was elevated in obese mice at all ages and increased with age in both obese and lean animals. 3) Pituitary contents of ACTH and beta-endorphin were elevated in young obese mice and increased further as these mice approached their life expectancy. 4) The ratios of ACTH to beta-endorphin immunoreactivities were similar in obese and lean mice, except in obese mice over 50 weeks of age where this ratio was increased. We conclude that: 1) the obese mouse is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and hyperadrenocorticism throughout its life; 2) the insulin resistance of the obese mouse improves at 20 weeks of age, yet deteriorates as its life expectancy is approached; 3) the obese mouse has an elevated brain serotonin content similar to previously described elevations of the putative neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in these mice; and 4) as the obese mouse approaches its life expectancy, abnormalities may occur in the synthesis, processing, or secretion of ACTH and/or beta-endorphine.
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PMID:A longitudinal hormonal profile of the genetically obese mouse. 624 69

Pituitary adenomas were obtained from eight of nine patients with Cushing's disease, and the surrounding tissues as well were obtained from six of nine patients. ACTH, beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH), beta-endorphin, GH, TSH, LH, and PRL concentrations in these tissues were determined by RIA. Immunoreactive ACTH and beta-endorphin (beta-endorphin + beta-LPH) were present in high concentrations in all adenomas, and low concentrations were found in the surrounding tissues, except for one patient. As compared to levels seen in normal pituitary tissue, the GH concentration in the surrounding tissues was suppressed in five of six cases. TSH and LH concentrations were suppressed in four and three cases, respectively. The PRL concentration was not suppressed in any of the six patients studied. These four hormones were not detected in any adenoma. Plasma GH, TSH, and LH responses to various stimuli which were suppressed preoperatively returned to normal in most of the patients after adenomectomy. Basal plasma cortisol concentrations were normal or subnormal and were suppressed by the administration of 1 mg dexamethasone after adenomectomy, in contrast to the lack of such suppression preoperatively. ACTH and beta-endorphin secretion were stimulated by lysine-8-vasopressin and suppressed by dexamethasone and cyproheptadine in vitro.
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PMID:Anterior pituitary hormones in plasma and pituitaries from patients with Cushing's disease. 625 28

Pituitaries were taken from human fetuses between the 6th and 30th weeks of gestation. Organ and monolayer cultures were prepared. The fine structure of the cultures was examined by electron microscopy and their basal and stimulated ACTH release were studied by radioimmunoassay as a function of time in vitro. It was shown that pituitaries taken from the first trimester of gestation have a capacity of self-differentiation; i.e. there was an increase in the number of cells filled with secretory granules and there was an increase in the number of granules per cell. In contrast, pituitaries taken from older embryos have been losing their secretory granules during the cultivation. We failed to demonstrate any corticotropin responsiveness in pituitary cultures prepared from the 6 to 7-week-old embryos. ACTH release could be stimulated from the 10th week of gestation but in slight measure. Pituitary taken from 16-week-old fetuses revealed an adult-like responsiveness to corticotropin.
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PMID:Fine structure of, and ACTH production by, human fetal pituitaries taken at different periods of gestation. An in vitro study. 626 94


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