Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunological, neuroendocrine and psychological parameters were examined in 14 psychophysically healthy subjects and in 17 panic disorder patients before and after a 30-day course of alprazolam therapy. T lymphocyte proliferation in response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin, lymphocyte beta-endorphin (beta-EP) concentrations, plasma ACTH, cortisol and beta-EP levels were examined in basal conditions and after corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation. Cortisol inhibition by dexamethasone (DST) and basal growth hormone (GH) and prolactin levels were also examined. Depression, state or trait anxiety, anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobia, simple and social phobias, severity and frequency of panic attacks were monitored by rating scales. The immune study did not reveal any significant difference between patients and controls, or any effect of alprazolam therapy. The hormonal data for the two groups were similar, except for higher than normal basal ACTH and GH plasma levels, lower than normal ratios between the ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH, and blunted DST in some patients. All the impairments improved after alprazolam therapy, in parallel with decreases in anxiety and in severity and frequency of panic attacks.
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PMID:Psychoimmunoendocrine aspects of panic disorder. 133 59

To explore 5-HT1A receptor responsivity in panic disorder (PD), hypothermic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to the selective partial 5-HT1A receptor agonist ipsapirone (IPS) were investigated in patients with primary PD and healthy controls. Fourteen patients and matched controls received a single oral dose of 0.3 mg/kg IPS or placebo under double-blind, random-assignment conditions. IPS induced hypothermia and corticotropin (ACTH)/cortisol release but had only minimal effects on behavior. Compared with controls, the patients with PD exhibited significantly attenuated thermoregulatory and neuroendocrine responses to IPS. Although the healthy subjects reported increased drowsiness and the PD patients rated themselves more nervous and less calm following administration of IPS, no consistent changes in ratings of anxiety or panic symptoms were recorded. The impaired hypothermic and ACTH/cortisol responses following 5-HT1A receptor activation reflects subsensitivity of both the pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptor-effector system, thus supporting the hypothesis that a 5-HT1A receptor-related serotonergic dysfunction may be linked to the pathophysiology of PD. Future studies of 5-HT1A receptor-effector complex function in conjunction with assessment of the responsivity of other subtypes (e.g. 5-HT2, 5-HT3) should promote the evaluation of 5-HT system integrity in anxiety disorders and its involvement in anxiolytic drug effects.
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PMID:5-HT1A receptor-effector system responsivity in panic disorder. 134 19

The present study reports adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and prolactin responses after oral administration of 0.25 mg/kg of the serotonin agonist, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP), in patients with panic disorder (PD) and in healthy subjects. MCPP blood levels were similar for the two groups, but almost twice as high in males as in females. Female patients had augmented ACTH and prolactin release as compared to healthy females, while ACTH and prolactin release in male patients was similar to that of male controls. These results suggest that female PD patients have hypersensitive serotonin receptors. Moreover, they indicate that pharmacokinetic gender differences may affect challenge studies, and that different doses may be required to study neuroendocrine responses in males and females.
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PMID:Pituitary hormone responses to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in panic disorder and healthy control subjects. 165 Apr 87

The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and growth hormone responses to four consecutive, logarithmically increasing doses of intravenous diazepam compared with placebo given at 15-min intervals were examined in patients with panic disorder (n = 13), generalized anxiety disorder (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 13). Diazepam caused dose-dependent decreases in cortisol and increases in GH and dose-independent decreases in ACTH. There were no patient-control differences, possibly due to either the small sample size of the experimental paradigm, which tested subjects in an upright, sitting position in mildly arousing circumstances.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine effects of diazepam in panic and generalized anxiety disorders. 165 36

In order to evaluate serotonin (5-HT) function in panic disorder, a double blind placebo controlled study was conducted with ritanserin, a specific 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, and fluvoxamine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, in 60 patients with panic disorder. Patients were treated for 8 weeks with 150 mg fluvoxamine, 20 mg ritanserin or placebo; these dose levels were reached after 1 week. In addition, as an index of 5-HT function in panic disorder, plasma concentration of beta-endorphin, cortisol and 5-hydroxyindolacetic-acid (5-HIAA) were measured. Furthermore, 5-HT uptake in blood platelets was assessed. Noradrenergic function was assessed by measuring plasma MHPG concentration. In addition, plasma melatonin concentration was measured. Treatment with fluvoxamine resulted in a profound reduction in the number of panic attacks, followed by a decrease in avoidance behavior. Treatment with ritanserin appeared to be ineffective. During treatment no significant changes were observed in plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin, cortisol, 5-HIAA and MHPG. With respect to 5-HT kinetics in blood platelets, a substantial increase in Km was observed after treatment with fluvoxamine, whereas Vmax decreased. After treatment with fluvoxamine, plasma concentration of melatonin was significantly increased, which suggests that melatonin synthesis is in part under serotonergic control. The findings of the present study do not support the hypothesis that 5-HT2 receptors are supersensitive in patients suffering from panic disorder, but allow no conclusions about the involvement of other 5-HT receptor subtypes.
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PMID:Serotonin function in panic disorder: a double blind placebo controlled study with fluvoxamine and ritanserin. 169 19

Concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) as well as somatostatin (SRIF) and beta-endorphin (beta-END) were assayed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 34 patients with panic disorder and of ten neurological controls. No aberrations of the monoaminergic or peptidergic variables measured were found in the nonpanic state of patients with panic disorder. A modest correlation (P = 0.04) between total anxiety scores and CSF MHPG was observed.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides in patients with panic disorder. 170 Oct 91

1. Azapirones, selective partial agonists at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype, induce hypothermia and corticotropin (ACTH)/cortisol release as specific functional correlates of central 5-HT1A receptor activation. 2. Compared to controls, hypothermic and ACTH/cortisol responses to the azapirone ipsapirone are attenuated in patients with unipolar depression and panic disorder but not in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The impaired thermic and neuroendocrine responses are associated with increased basal cortisol secretion in depressed patients but not in patients with panic disorder. 3. Chronic treatment with the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine decreases 5-HT1A receptor-mediated responses in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, while long-term treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline further decreases hypothermia following ipsapirone but has no effect on ACTH/cortisol release. 4. Alteration of the 5-HT1A receptor and/or its signal transduction pathways may play a role in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders and depression.
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PMID:5-HT1A receptor responsivity in anxiety disorders and depression. 176 90

L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) was administered to 20 patients suffering from panic disorder and to 20 healthy controls. Subjects received 60 mg 5HTP in 300 ml saline solution. Before, during, and up to 2 hours after 5HTP administration, symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed. In addition, plasma 5HTP, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyethylglycol (MHPG), cortisol, beta-endorphin, and melatonin levels were measured at several time points, and the kinetics of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) in blood platelets were measured. During and after the infusion of 5HTP, none of the patients showed an increase in anxiety or depressive symptoms, despite the presence of severe side effects. Some patients even experienced the 5HTP infusion as a relief. In contrast to the patients, nine control subjects reported depressed mood, although no increases in anxiety were noted. In both patients and controls, the 5HTP infusion led to substantial increases in plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin levels, while the plasma MHPG level was unchanged. Plasma melatonin increased significantly after 5HTP administration, suggesting that increasing 5HT availability in man might affect melatonin synthesis. The results of this study are at odds with the hypothesis that there is a supersensitivity of 5HT2 receptors in panic disorder.
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PMID:Behavioral, neuroendocrine, and biochemical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan administration in panic disorder. 213 31

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and somatostatin and beta-endorphin levels were measured in 12 patients with panic disorder before and after 7 months of treatment with alprazolam or imipramine. The concentrations of CSF monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides were at baseline of the same order of magnitude in panic patients and controls. Neither alprazolam nor imipramine changed metabolite or neuropeptide levels in CSF despite clinical improvement in both treatment groups. According to present CSF data, the antipanic actions of alprazolam and imipramine do not involve the monoaminergic or peptidergic systems studied.
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PMID:Long-term effects of alprazolam and imipramine on cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides in panic disorder. 248 80

The responsivity of the serotonergic system to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) administration was investigated in seven patients with panic disorder and seven healthy controls. Using cortisol and beta-endorphin as hormonal probes, no evidence was obtained for a dysfunction of the serotonin system in patients. Behaviorally, controls responded differently from patients, in that controls seemed to be more sensitive to 5-HTP. None of the subjects reported an increase in anxiety.
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PMID:Serotonin function in panic disorder: effect of 1-5-hydroxytryptophan in patients and controls. 252 57


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