Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In oat cell (small cell) carcinoma and, to some extent, in other histological types of lung cancer, improved forms of treatment have resulted in prolongation of survival and even cure. Progress is hampered by the lack of reliable biochemical markers such as those which have completely changed the management and outlook in testicular and gestational carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been of some value. Raised circulating levels of calcitonin and of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are found in many patients with lung cancer but have not proved as useful for monitoring disease progression. It is probable that since lung tumors form a heterogeneous population, production of markers varies with histological type. Our approach has been to affinity purify those polyclonal antisera to potential lung tumor markers which are not yet available as monoclonal hybridoma antibodies and to examine 10 representative resection specimens of each of the four common carcinoma types--squamous, adeno-, large cell, and small cell using an indirect immunoperoxidase localization technique on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Substances localized included CEA, epithelial membrane antigen, calcitonin, alpha and beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin, and human placental lactogen.
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PMID:Biological markers in lung cancer: an immunocytochemical approach. 618 9

The levels of immunoreactive-polypeptide hormones were measured in tissue extracts of eight uterine cervical cancers by specific radioimmunoassays. In one case with argyrophil granules, high levels of somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, calcitonin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were found, ranging from 160 to 880 ng/g tissue. A second argyrophil cancer contained 310 ng/g tissue of somatostatin, and a third contained 1100 ng/g tissue of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and 380 ng/g of beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH). In addition, of the five nonargyrophil cancers tested, four contained calcitonin, three had VIP, two had either somatostatin or glucagon, and one contained ACTH and beta-MSH; the measured levels of these hormones ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 ng/g tissue. Gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column showed that the immunoreactive-polypeptide hormones in the first case were chromatographically similar to the authentic or prehormones. These results indicate that ectopic production of multiple immunoreactive-polypeptide hormones is common not only in argyrophil cell carcinoma, but also in nonargyrophil cell carcinoma of the cervix.
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PMID:Production of immunoreactive-polypeptide hormones in cervical carcinoma. 619 1

An unusual tumor of the skin was removed from the thigh of a 52-year-old white male. By light microscopy, the tumor was composed of intermediate and small cells in sheets and clusters. Ultrastructural study of the tumor cells showed numerous dense core granules and dendritic cell processes as well as intermediate filaments and cell junctions frequently within the same cells. Most of the tumor cells were stained intensely by antibodies to neurone-specific enolase (NSE), a marker of cells of the central and peripheral nervous system. The neuropeptides met-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were also found in tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry furthermore demonstrated cytokeratin. Both the ultrastructural appearance and keratin content of this tumor set it apart from conventional Merkel cell (or trabecular) carcinoma of the skin in a manner analogous to bipartite (i.e., epidermoid and small cell) carcinoma of lung. The production of neuropeptides simultaneously with the production of keratin establishes this as a bipartite skin tumor (i.e., ectodermal and neuroectodermal phenotype). We suggest that at least some primary neuroendocrine tumors of the skin arise from multipotential ectodermal cells not of neural crest origin, as has been proposed for small cell carcinoma of lung.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of skin with simultaneous cytokeratin expression. 620 92

The signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency in the postoperative patient are generally nonspecific, and the diagnosis is usually made at postmortem examination. Two patients in whom adrenal insufficiency developed in the postoperative period are reported on (one had metastatic carcinoma to the adrenal glands and in the other bilateral adrenal hemorrhage developed during anticoagulant treatment). Both patients survived multiple, successive stressful episodes before the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency was established by the alpha1-24 corticotropin stimulation test.
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PMID:Recognition of adrenal insufficiency in the postoperative patient. 624 51

In roughly 10 patients with lung cancer of various histologic types, the levels of hormones adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), calcitonin, parathormone, beta-choriogonadotropin (HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), growth hormone (HGH), and prolactin were determined by radioimmunoassay. The ACTH level was elevated in 30% of patients with oat cell carcinoma and in 26% of patients with large cell carcinoma. Calcitonin levels were increased in 48% of patients with oat cell carcinoma. Elevated levels of HCG were found in 33% of patients with oat cell carcinoma, in 26% of patients with large cell carcinoma, and in 19% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Parathormone was increased in 32% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma in 27% of patients with oat cell carcinoma, and in a few patients with large cell carcinoma. Prolactin, HCG and HPL were present only in single cases. Elevated levels of at least one hormone were found in 65.2% of all patients, and in 78% of the patients with oat cell carcinoma. Serial determinations of ACTH and calcitonin showed that these hormones are useful for monitoring therapy in lung patients. There was no relation between hormone levels and the clinical stage of disease.
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PMID:Ectopic hormones in lung cancer patients at diagnosis and during therapy. 624 92

beta-Endorphin- and ACTH-like immunoreactive peptides were measured in plasma and certain tissues of a patient suffering from an oat-cell-carcinoma of the lungs and Cushing's syndrome. Using sensitive radioimmunoassays in combination with gel-filtration, highly elevated levels of beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH), alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) and ACTH were found.
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PMID:Elevated plasma and tissue concentrations of beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin associated with an ectopic ACTH-producing lung tumor. 625 Sep 65

A patient with clinical hypercortisolism and an infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right mammary gland is presented. Provocative testing of adrenal function demonstrated the pattern of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production. Ultrastructural analysis of the tumor revealed 150-200 nm electron-dense granules that when primarily fixed in OsO4 appeared as membrane-bound, centrally dense cored granules. ACTH was extracted from the tumor tissue and immunocytochemically localized in the tumor cell cytoplasm. A clinically significant level of estrogen receptor protein was present in the tumor tissue (120 fmol/mg protein). This case confirms the ability of mammary carcinoma to produce the ectopic ACTH syndrome.
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PMID:Adrenocorticotropin production by a mammary carcinoma. 626 28

Studies in the experimental mouse pituitary tumor cell line AtT-20/D-16-v have recently shown that ACTH, the lipotropins (beta- and gamma-LPH), beta-endorphin (beta-End) and the 16-K fragment are synthesized through a common precursor molecule which is a 31,000 glycopeptide (pro-ACTH/endorphin). We have investigated whether such a biosynthetic model might exist in man. Radioimmunoassays have been developed against human ACTH, N-terminal LPH, beta-End or C-terminal beta-LPH, C-terminal gamma-LPH, and the 16-K fragment or N-terminal pro-ACTH/endorphin. These radioimmunoassays were used to examine various human samples before and after gel fractionation in ordinary or denaturing buffers. Medium DMS-79, in which human small cell carcinoma cells derived from a lung cancer were cultured, was shown to contain molecules identical to gamma-LPH, beta-LPH, beta-End and ACTH. In addition, it also contained a high molecular weight material with LPH, beta-End, and ACTH immunoreactivity. These three immunoreactivities could not be dissociated under denaturing conditions (6 M guanidine-HCl), and were all absorbed on an ACTH-purified anti-(1-24)-ACTH affinity column. Medium DMS-79 also contained high molecular weight calcitonin immunoreactivity that was not absorbed on the (1-24)-ACTH affinity column and therefore was not part of the pro-ACTH/endorphin molecule. Extracts from two pheochromocytomas responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome were found to contain, in addition to ACTH, large amounts of gamma-LPH and beta-End. High levels of beta-LPH and beta-End were also present in the plasma from a patient with the ectopic ACTH syndrome due to pancreatic carcinoma. Plasma immunoreactive 16-K fragment was increased in another patient with this syndrome. These results indicate that a biosynthetic model similar to that described in the AtT-20/D-16-v mouse tumor cell line also exists in man. Tumors responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome provide a unique source to study this model in man.
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PMID:[Ectopic secretion of ACTH and of related peptides (LPHs, beta-endorphin, "16K"). Evidence for a common precursor]. 626 15

Rapidly progressing hypercorticism was observed in 2 patients with malignant neoplasms, a 72-year-old man with anaplastic small cell carcinoma and a 48-year-old woman with a primary apudoma of the liver. Both patients were treated with chemotherapy in conventional doses. Both patients developed acute dyspnea and sudden death, 7 and 10 days, respectively, after chemotherapy was given. The possibility that patients with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion are excessively vulnerable to chemotherapy is raised and judicious management urged.
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PMID:Ectopic ACTH syndrome in APUD tumors. 629 Sep 56

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (125-150 g) were implanted intramuscularly with the Walker 256 carcinoma. After 3, 5 or 7 days, tumor-bearing rats, along with controls, were killed and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-endorphin and corticosterone were assessed. Plasma levels of all 3 hormones declined with time following tumor implantation. Plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone were statistically significantly less than plasma levels of these same hormones in control rats by 7 days post-implantation. Levels of these hormones were reduced by 42% and 33%, respectively, relative to control levels by 7 days. beta-Endorphin levels declined much more rapidly following tumor implantation than did either of the other 2 hormones. beta-Endorphin was significantly decreased by 3 days post-implantation and by 7 days the plasma levels of this factor were 83% lower than in control rats.
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PMID:Hormones of the pituitary-adrenal axis in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma. 629 18


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