Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diethylnitrosamine is known to cause squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in Syrian golden hamsters. Sections of lungs obtained from hamsters treated with the systemic carcinogen diethylnitrosamine revealed a significant increase in the number of argyrophilic cells of neuroepithelial bodies. These affected cells also exhibited enhanced survival in vitro. After 7 days in culture, argyrophilia, dense-core vesicles, and corticotropin-like immunoreactivity were observed in many of the cells derived from the lungs of carcinogen-exposed hamsters by dissociation with pronase. In addition, nuclei of argyrophilic cells in neuroepithelial bodies of the exposed hamsters were labeled at 60 min following administration of [3H]thymidine. This suggests that the carcinogen stimulates the pulmonary neuroendocrine-like cells to divide. Normally, the component cells of neuroepithelial bodies may originate from nonargyrophilic precursor cells in the surrounding epithelium, as in control hamsters the argyrophilic cells of neuroepithelial bodies appeared labeled only at 8 days after the administration of thymidine. The relationship of the diethylnitrosamine-induced reactions to bronchial carcinoid tumors or small-cell carcinomas of the lung remains to be established.
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PMID:Effects of diethylnitrosamine on lung neuroendocrine cells. 618 6

Clinical and laboratory data, histologic, electron microscopic and immunocytochemical findings of the tumors of eight patients suffering from Cushing's syndrome and of one patient with hypercalcemia are described. The unlabeled antibody enzyme method was used for the detection of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, corticotropin, beta-lipotropin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and gastrin. Ectopic Cushing's syndrome was caused by pancreatic endocrine tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma, a bronchial, a gastric and a thymic carcinoid, and a carcinoid of the mediastinum. Hypercalcemia in one patient was related to a pancreatic endocrine tumor. After surgery the clinical symptoms disappeared in two patients, but persisted or relapsed in five patients. ACTH-immunoreactivity could be demonstrated in six of eight tumors; calcitonin-immunoreactivity was found in the tumor of the patient suffering from hypercalcemia. ACTH-immunoreactivity could be localized to secretory granules by immunoelectron microscopy, and the presence of ACTH and beta-LPH in the same tumor cells could be shown in one pancreatic tumor. A combination of production of orthotopic and ectopic hormones was found in one, and secretion of two ectopic hormones was detected in another pancreatic endocrine tumor.
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PMID:Ectopic hormone production by endocrine tumors: localization of hormones at the cellular level by immunocytochemistry. 627 90

A study was undertaken of five patients with Cushing syndrome due to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) production by thymic carcinoid tumor (primary mediastinal APUDomas), including two recent patients examined by computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Plain roentgenography of the chest initially failed to detect tumor in four of the five patients, while CT of the chest yielded definitive diagnostic information in both patients in whom it was employed. For one of these patients, a mediastinal tumor could be seen retrospectively on plain roentgenograms of the chest, although it had been missed on the first examination. One of the tumors appeared to be partially calcified on CT scan, a finding not previously reported. Blastic osseous metastasis, which is common when malignant carcinoid tumors spread to bone, was seen in one patient. Our data suggest that in patients with suspected ectopic ACTH production, CT scanning of the mediastinum should be performed early in order to avoid delay in diagnosis of an ACTH-secreting carcinoid tumor of the mediastinum.
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PMID:Roentgenologic diagnosis of primary corticotropin-producing carcinoid tumors of the mediastinum. 627 65

Five corticotropin-producing tumours were examined for peptides related to the corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor. Two were basophil pituitary adenomas and three were bronchial carcinoids. The cells of the two pituitary adenomas stained with antisera against beta-endorphin and against pro-gamma-melanotropin, the NH2-terminal fragment of the corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor, but not with antisera against alpha-melanotropin or beta-lipotropin. The corticotropin-storing tumor cells of the bronchial carcinoids stained with antisera against beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin or pro-gamma-melanotropin. Only one of the three bronchial carcinoids contained cells reacting with the antiserum against alpha-melanotropin. Although the two types of corticotropin-storing tumours (pituitary adenoma and bronchial carcinoid) differed with respect to beta-lipotropin content, the over-all picture indicates that the proteolytic processing of the corticotropin precursor proceeds along similar lines in tumour cells and in pituitary corticotrophs. An acetic acid extract of one of the bronchial tumours was subjected to gel chromatography and immunochemical analysis of material related to pro-gamma-melanotropin. The immunoreactive material displayed a considerable size heterogeneity, with the predominant components having a molecular weight larger than that of authentic pro-gamma-melanotropin.
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PMID:Evidence for the presence of pro-gamma-melanotropin, the NH2-terminal fragment of the corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor, in corticotropin-producing tumours. 627 99

A 51-year old man presented with the classical features of Cushing's syndrome which had evolved over the previous 5 yr, and was found to have ACTH secretion from an atypical thymic carcinoid tumor. Tumor extract, assayed under conditions designed to prevent artefactual generation of peptides, was found to contain a wide variety of immunoreactive hormones including ACTH, alpha-MSH, CLIP, beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin. The ACTH-related peptides were probably derived from a common precursor, pro-opiocortin, but the presence of met-enkephalin suggests the production of a separate type of precursor molecule. The tumor was locally invasive and, depsite subtotal excision and radiotherapy, continued to secrete large amounts of ACTH. Hypercortisolism was controlled longterm with pharmacological adrenal blockade and steroid replacement.
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PMID:Ectopic secretion of ACTH and met-enkephalin from a thymic carcinoid. 628 29

Opiate receptors in the central nervous system may be classified according to pharmacological, behavioural, or binding studies. Classical mu-receptors probably have beta-endorphin as an endogenous ligand, and seem to be involved in the modulation of pain perception, low-frequency acupuncture analgesia, and the stimulation of prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone release. Met-enkephalin is likely to be an endogenous ligand for the delta-receptors, which predominate in the basal ganglia and limbic systems; such receptors may tonically inhibit the release of corticotrophin-releasing factor. It has been suggested that the newly-described kappa-receptors may inhibit the release of vasopressin and gonadotrophin-releasing factor; dynorphin may be their endogenous ligand. Endogenous opiates controlling cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes are likely to activate mu-receptors, while high-frequency acupuncture may alleviate the symptoms of opiate withdrawal by allowing an increase in Met-enkephalin to activate delta-receptors. In the periphery, beta-endorphin is concentrated in the corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary, and is cosecreted with ACTH and related peptides. Circulating Met-enkephalin originates in the gut, sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. Met-enkephalin may also be extracted from carcinoid tumours and phaeochromocytomas. Elevations in circulating Met-enkephalin may occur in certain disease states with cardiovascular and psychiatric manifestations. However, manipulation of endogenous or exogenous opiates has as yet no certain place in any clinical situation.
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PMID:Opiate receptors: enkephalins and endorphins. 630 48

A partially encapsulated, 11-cm-diameter anterior mediastinal mass was resected from a 26-year-old man who appeared with signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. Electron microscopic study disclosed cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules and positive immunoperoxidase reactions for neuron-specific enolase and corticotropin in the tumor cells. A lymph node metastasis was detected 11/2 years after the operation. It appears that a thymic carcinoid tumor is a specific entity.
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PMID:Thymic carcinoid tumor with Cushing's syndrome. Report of a case with electron microscopic and immunoperoxidase studies for neuron-specific enolase and corticotropin. 632 26

This report describes the histologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural study of a multihormonal carcinoid tumor of the pancreas, secreting a growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) which provoked acromegaly. The patient presented a nonfamilial multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1. The absence of radiologic signs of a pituitary adenoma in conjunction with elevated plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, somatostatin, as well as growth hormone (GH), led to the discovery of the tumor. Its surgical excision produced a rapid disappearance of most of the clinical and biologic disorders. No immunoreactive GH was found in the tumor using radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. In contrast, three peptides with GH-releasing activity were extracted and characterized. Immunocytochemistry showed that the GRF-reactive cells, together with rare somatostatin-storing cells, made up areas which demonstrated a medullary pattern of growth with extracellular amyloid deposits. Under electron microscopic examination, actively secreting cells were observed which carried endocrine granules of 100 to 150 nm in diameter. The other regions of the tumor presented a different type of growth and were composed of pancreatic polypeptide-, glucagon-, or somatostatin-reacting cells. Cells immunostained with antisera raised against beta-endorphin were also noted. These data suggest that GRF may be a new biologic marker for pancreatic endocrine tumors.
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PMID:Multihormonal carcinoid tumor of the pancreas. Secreting growth hormone-releasing factor as a cause of acromegaly. 643 52

We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with ectopic production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The patient presented with Cushing's syndrome caused by a malignant thymic carcinoid. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome.
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PMID:Endogenous Cushing's syndrome complicated by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 660 98

A 39-year-old man with an ACTH producing oncocytic carcinoid of the thymus is reported here. His symptoms were pigmentation, facial and pretibial edema, and high blood pressure. Endocrinological examination revealed the ectopic ACTH syndrome and, especially, high content in the intrathoracic venous blood. On histological examination, the tumor was found to be composed of uniform eosinophilic cells, with no argentaffin granules being demonstrated. Ultrastructural findings revealed a large number of mitochondria and numerous distinct electron-dense neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm. Abnormally high levels of ACTH, beta-endorphin and gamma-MSH were also found in this tumor tissue. By total extirpation of the tumor, clinical symptoms and laboratory data were entirely normalized.
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PMID:An ectopic, ACTH producing, oncocytic carcinoid tumor of the thymus: report of a case. 674 52


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