Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01189 (beta-endorphin)
 21,003 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adrenal function was evaluated in fourteen cancer patients receiving chemotherapy which included short-term high-dose courses of prednisone. 90 min corticotropin stimulation tests were performed before therapy and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after steroids were discontinued. Responses were evaluated by standard criteria of adrenal function and by measurement of the intergrated cortisol response to corticotropin over 90 min. Thirteen of fourteen patients had suppressed adrenal function for at least 24 h. Although in most patients adrenal function had returned to normal between day 2 and 4, in five patients it remained suppressed for 7 days or more. Suppression did not correlate with either steroid dose or duration of therapy. Four of five patients receiving only 5 days' therapy showed evidence of adrenal suppression. Although overt clinical adrenal insufficiency after steroid administration is rare, these results indicate that adrenal function is suppressed more regularly after short-term high-dose steroid therapy than has been appreciated.
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PMID:Adrenal suppression after short-term corticosteroid therapy. 8 70

In heroin addicts showing features of heroin withdrawal basal beta-endorphin levels were elevated in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and did not change during electroacupuncture, although this therapy suppressed the clinical features of withdrawal. Met-enkephalin levels were not elevated in blood or CSF before treatment. However, successful electroacupuncture was associated with a rise in CSF met-enkephalin levels in all patients studied, although concentrations in blood did not alter.
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PMID:Acupuncture in heroin addicts; changes in Met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. 8 47

Human fetal tissue fixed with Bouin and kept for 30 years in ethanol is still useful in immunohistochemistry. The localization of beta-endorphin immunoreactive cells in the pituitary is given as example.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry on Bouin-fixed fetal tissue, stored for thirty years in ethanol. 9 43

To examine the influence of differences in adrenal androgens or their biosynthetic pathways in the wide variations in bone loss among oophorectomized women, 18 women were selected for study. 10 women had very fast bone loss and 8 had very slow; 5 other women who had been on estrogen replacement therapy were also selected. Difference between the fast and slow losers in urinary free cortisol excretion was highly significant; the levels were higher in fast loser (P-.001). Treated patients had values similar to those of slow losers. No difference was detected between fast and slow losers in basal plasma values for dehydro-epiandrosterone (DHEA), adione, adiol, testosterone, DHEA-SO4, estrone, estradiol, cortisol, sex hormone binding globulin, and corticosteroid binding globulin. The only significant differences found were that women who lost bone rapidly had significantly higher free cortisol excretion and a paradoxically diminished cortisol response to corticotropin. It is, therefore, unlikely that endogenous adrenal androgens or estrogens are a major factor in preventing bone loss after cessation of ovarian function; however, cortisol, because of its catabolic effect may be a significant factor in causing osteoporesis. The serum levels of the 9 adrenal steroids were measured under basal conditions and after overnight suppression followed by acute corticotropin stimulation.
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PMID:Adrenal steroids and the development of osteoporosis in oophorectomised women. 9 Feb 69

Structure-activity studies have been performed on a series of naturally occurring and 'tailor-made' polypeptides, by measurement of ability to induce selective histamine release from normal rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. Compounds investigated include corticotropin and melittin derivatives, mast-cell-degranulating peptide from bee venom, polymyxin B, bradykinin and various synthetic poly(amino acids) and short-chain peptides. It was confirmed that a cluster of four basic residues (lysine or arginine) was optimal for histamine release by corticotropin and melittin polypeptides, provided that the C-terminal carboxyl group was substituted (by, for instance, amidation). In contrast, the presence of a free C-terminal carboxyl group or nearby dicarboxylic acid residues led to a considerable diminution in histamine-releasing activity. Likewise, polypeptides comprised essentially of acidic amino acids were inactive. On the basis of these observations it has been possible to predict that synthetic peptides comprising a particular sequence within the Fc region of human immunoglobulin E, the immunoglobulin class particularly involved in mediation of allergic reactions of the immediate type, would possess potent histamine-releasing activity when similarly made to react with normal rat mast cells. The further study of such a structure should throw new light on the molecular basis of allergen-antibody triggering of mast cells.
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PMID:Further studies on the structural requirements for polypeptide-mediated histamine release from rat mast cells. 9 86

1. Rapid change of bath temperature from 37 degrees C to 27 degrees C and vice versa caused longitudinal contraction of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. 2. Tetrodotoxin, tropicamide, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, morphine, and the met-enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 depressed the responses or accelerated the fade of the contraction induced by rapid cooling when added after the response had reached its maximum. 3. Hexamethonium had no influence on the responses. 4. Physostigmine potentiated all responses and reversed the fade of contraction induced by rapid cooling when added after this contraction had reached its maximum. 5. The effects of rapid cooling or warming were not altered in preparations made tachyphylactic to substance P; the response to rapid warming, but not cooling, was partially inhibited under tachyphylaxis to 5-hydroxytryptamine. 6. Antazoline, phentolamine, naloxone, and indomethacin did not block the responses. 7. Capsaicin firt potentiated and subsequently depressed the responses to both rapid cooling and warming. 8. The results indicate that rapid change of bath temperature induces longitudinal contraction by excitation of postganglionic cholinergic fibres.
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PMID:Longitudinal contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum induced by rapid cooling. 9 5

The endogenous opioid met-enkephalin intraventricularly adminstered to the rat at the dose of 100 microgram raised rectal temperature, whereas 400 microgram of the pentapeptide caused a diphasic effect, i.e., hypothermia followed by hyperthermia. Met-enkephalin was ineffective when administered i.p. The effects on temperature were substantially similar to those elicited, for both routes of administration, by morphine, which may either raise or lower rat temperature depending on the dose. More naloxone was required to antagonize thermic effects of met-enkephalin than morphine. Finally, there was a lack of effects on temperature for met-enkephalin centrally administered to morphine-tolerant animals, thus providing further evidence, in vivo, of cross tolerance between opiates and naturally occurring ligands of opiate receptors.
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PMID:Effects of Met-enkephalin on body temperature of normal and morphine-tolerant rats. 9 98

The distribution and cellular localization of leu-enkephalin in the gut and pancreas was studied by immunohistochemistry using two different antisera, one specifically directed against leu-enkephalin and the other cross reacting with met-enkephalin. The results were identical with both antisera. In all species examined, enkephalin-immunoreactive material was found in nerves of the smooth muscle, particularly numerous in the myenteric plexus. Here, immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were observed occasionally. In addition, enkephalin-immunoreactive material was demonstrated in gut endocrine cells of chicken, mouse, rat, pig and monkey but not of guinea pig, cat and man. Enkephalin cells were detected also in the exocrine parenchyma of the porcine pancreas. They were rare in the gut of mouse, rat and monkey but numerous in the antrum and duodenum of pig where they were identified as 5-hydroxytryptamine-storing enterochromaffin cells. The enkephalin-containing cells of the porcine antrum and duodenum were defined ultrastructurally by the consecutive semithin/ultrathin section technique. The ultrastructural features were typical of enterochromaffin cells, the most characteristic ones being the irregular shape and high electron density of the cytoplasmic granules. The immunoreactive material was confined to the cytoplasmic granules.
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PMID:Leu-enkephalin-like material in nerves and enterochromaffin cells in the gut. An immunohistochemical study. 9 94

Neurons containing peptide (s) immunologically related to beta-endorphin have been detected by immunochemistry in human adult and fetal hypothalami. Their perikarya are located in the infundibular nucleus. Some fibres terminate close to vessels in the median eminence, others form pericellular baskets around perikarya of non-immunoreactive neurons of the infundibular nucleus. These results suggest that the central nervous system elaborates beta-endorphin or immunologically related peptides.
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PMID:[Description of neurons immunoreactive to anti-beta-endorphin immune serum present in the infundibular nucleus in man]. 10 43

The effects of D-Ala2-beta-endorphin administered either intravenously (IV) or intracisternally (IC) in squirrel monkeys were tested using a number of behavioral measures: general activity, eating, social behavior, aggression/distress, analgesia, and startle/escape. There were 10 groups (N = 5) consisting of 4 dose levels administered IC (0.4, 40, 400 microgram/kg) and 6 dose levels injected IV (0, 4, 40, 80, 400, 800 microgram/kg). Every monkey was tested with all tasks on each of 5 identical repeated trials, one pre-injection baseline trial and 4 post-injection trials. After IC administration, the 2 largest doses exerted toxic effects, which were partially reversed with naloxone, producing in 2 cases muscular rigidity and profound sedation. The smaller 4 microgram/kg dose produced significant decreases in activity over trials but increased reactivity to noxious stimulation after the initial post-injection trial. With IV injection reliable changes in activity and approach to food were found. The results demonstrate significant behavioral effects of an endorphin analog in the squirrel monkeys after both central and peripheral injection.
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PMID:Behavioral effects of D-Ala2-beta-endorphin in squirrel monkeys. 10 11


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